scholarly journals Seedling Establishment, Biomass Yield and Water use Efficiencies of Four Maize Varieties as Influenced by Water Deficit Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Anjorin ◽  
S.A. Adejumo ◽  
K.S. Are ◽  
D. J. Ogunniyan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractWater stress is one of the major abiotic factors affecting crop growth and development at every growth stages. Effects of water deficit on the vegetative growth stage of four maize varieties consisting of two Quality Protein Maize varieties (ILE1OB and ART98SW6OB) and two drought tolerant checks (TZPBSR and DTESTRSYN) were evaluated under the screen house conditions at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R & T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan. Maize seeds were sown in 20 L plastic pots filled with 15 kg top soil, which were subjected to four watering regimes of 25, 50, 75 and 100% field capacities (FC). The experimental design was a 4 × 4 factorial fitted into CRD with four replications. Data were collected on days to germination, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, leaf extension rate, biomass yield and water use efficiency. The result showed that days to germination were prolonged as the moisture availability decreases, while water use efficiency increased as the moisture level reduced. Reduction in moisture availability caused significant reduction in the other evaluated parameters. At 25% FC DTESTRSYN was superior in leaf area, number of leaves per plant, days to germination and water use efficiency, TZPBSR had highest values for stem diameter and biomass yield, while ILE1OB was superior in plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem extension rate. ILE1OB competes favourably with the drought tolerant checks and performed better than ART98SW6OB. Adequate moisture condition is fundamental for normal growth and development in maize crops.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Frequency on Growth Performance and Transpiration of Young Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Mantovani ◽  
Maik Veste ◽  
Dirk Freese
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL.) is a drought-tolerant fast growing tree, which could be an alternative to the more common tree species used in short-rotation coppice on marginal land. The plasticity of black locust in the form of ecophysiological and morphological adaptations to drought is an important precondition for its successful growth in such areas. However, adaptation to drought stress is detrimental to primary production. Furthermore, the soil water availability condition of the initial stage of development may have an impact on the tree resilience. We aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress applied during the resprouting on the drought tolerance of the plant, by examining the black locust growth patterns. We exposed young trees in lysimeters to different cycles of drought. The drought memory affected the plant growth performance and its drought tolerance: the plants resprouting under drought conditions were more drought tolerant than the well-watered ones. Black locust tolerates drastic soil water availability variations without altering its water use efficiency (2.57 g L−1), evaluated under drought stress. Due to its constant water use efficiency and the high phenotypic plasticity, black locust could become an important species to be cultivated on marginal land.

scholarly journals Introducing Cereus into an Arid Region as a New Fruit Crop

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 753C-753
Author(s):  
Ahmed ElObeidy*
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Water ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Very High

One of the major steps in responding to imminent water shortages in the Middle East is improving water use efficiency. Drought-resistant crops would be an effective technology to curb rising demands of water. Columnar Cactus species characteristics fit with most of the requirements of a drought tolerant crop with very high water-use efficiency. Cereus cacti have physiological and morphological methods of exploiting environments that would soon desiccate other plants. Four Cereus species were introduced into UAE deserts and could be ideal for establishing crop plantations in the arid environment. The introduced fruiting cacti are Cereus hexagonus, C. pachanoi, C. peruvianus, and C. validus. Plants were propagated by cuttings in the greenhouse. Cuttings developed roots within 2*&8211;4 weeks of planting. The propagated plants were acclimatized and transplanted into the field in the desert. C. peruvianus was the most promising in the new environment in terms of its high adaptability and healthy growth in the new environment. C. pachanoi grew very fast, averaging up to a fifteen centimeter a month of new growth. C. pachanoi was recommended as a rootstock for other species. C. validus could not survive the new environment.

scholarly journals Crescimento e produção do jambu submetido a lâminas de irrigação

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Duane Corrêa Gaia ◽  
Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽  
Mariele dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Jéssica Mariana Coelho Magalhães ◽  
Raquel Giseli Assis Rosário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study evaluated the effect that different irrigation depths have on the growth and crop production of jambu plants. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths corresponding to 40%, 70%, 100%, 130% and 160% of field capacity. We used randomized blocks with four replications for the experimental design. The plot consisted of four plants in separate pots. For comparison of treatments, at 27 days after transplantation, the following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh matter, stalk fresh matter, root fresh matter, inflorescence fresh matter, leaf dry matter, stalk dry matter, root dry matter, inflorescence dry matter and water use efficiency. The effect of irrigation depth was significant for the analyzed variables, except for stem diameter and inflorescence dry matter. There was a quadratic behavior of the variables regarding the applied irrigation depths. The maximum values of each parameter were obtained with irrigation depths close to 100% field capacity. Although the efficiency of water use was higher for the irrigation depth of 40% field capacity, the use of irrigation depth at 100% field capacity is recommended since it provided the best answers of the variables analyzed.

Fertilizer microdosing enhances biomass yield and water use efficiency of African indigenous leafy vegetable

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Dagnon Didier Likpètè ◽  
André Adjogboto ◽  
P.B. Irénikatché Akponikpè ◽  
André Jonas Djènontin ◽  
Mohamed Nasser Baco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Effect of Stable Negative Pressure Irrigation on the Growth and Development of Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
Jingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study was conducted with an objective to determine the optimal negative pressure irrigation suitable for growth and development of eggplant. The total water consumption, yield, growth and development, physiological activity, and quality of eggplant were tested using a pot experiment in a greenhouse with four treatments, namely -3, -8, -15 kPa and normal irrigation (C). The negative pressure was maintained using a stable negative pressure irrigation device. The total water consumption of eggplant was decreased by 20.51–70.00%, the total water consumption intensity was decreased by 22.18–70.27%, and the water use efficiency was increased by up to 7.45–41.48% under negative pressure irrigation compared with control (C). When the irrigation pressure was controlled at -3 kPa, the nitrate reductase activity, root activity, and chlorophyll content were increased by 6.14–15.5%, 11.11–33.33% and 20.04–51.58%, respectively. The yield of eggplant was also increased by 12.43% compared with control. The soluble sugars, soluble protein, and vitamin C contents of eggplant fruits at different maturation stages were increased by 14.47–47.22%, 16.33–58.78%, and 19.64–43.42% at -3 kPa, respectively, compared with the control. Taken together, it was observed that stable negative pressure irrigation in the range of -3 to -15 kPa obviously reduced water consumption of eggplant, and had a water saving effect. Negative pressure irrigation (-3 kPa) improved the water use efficiency, physiological activity, growth and development, and yield and quality of eggplant. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Morpho-physiological combining ability among tropical and temperate maize germplasm for drought tolerance

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1053-1066
Author(s):  
Sekip Erdal ◽  
Mehmet Pamukcu ◽  
Ahmet Ozturk ◽  
Koksal Aydinsakir ◽  
Yilmaz Dogu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

In this study, seven maize inbred lines representing different tropical, drought tolerant populations and two adapted temperate maize inbred lines were crossed in a half-diallel mating design to determine combining abilities. The genotypes were tested in well-watered (WW) and managed water stressed (WS) conditions in 2013 and 2014. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant for all investigated traits and demonstrated both additive and non-additive genetic effects in both conditions. Higher desired leaf rolling, leaf senescence, stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll content GCA effects of tropical inbreds under WS conditions showed the presence of the valuable allels related to drought stress. SCA analysis revealed that the best hybrids for water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were tropical x temperate crosses. Stress tolerance index and drought resistance index identified G5 x G9, a tropical x temperate hybrid, as the most tolerant hybrid to drought. Our study suggests that tropical drought tolerant germplasm has the potential to contribute useful genetic diversity to temperate maize breeding programs.

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALLIUM CEPA L.

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 263B-263
Author(s):  
Daniel Warnock ◽  
William Randle ◽  
Mark Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leaf Conductance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Inductive Photoperiod

Photosynthesis is the very essence of agriculture. Previous photosynthetic and transpirational studies of onion (Allium cepa) have been limited to specific developmental stages. Our study measured photosynthesis and transpiration in sixteen plants of a single short-day cultivar over an eleven week period containing both non- and bulb inductive photoperiods. Differences in weekly means for photosynthesis, leaf conductance, water use efficiency, and intercellular CO, were highly significant. Weekly photosynthetic means increased under a non-inductive photoperiod and peaked one week after initiating a bulb inducing photoperiod. A decrease and leveling period occurred as bulbs developed followed by a decrease as foliage lodged. Weekly photosynthetic and leaf conductance means were correlated and highly significant. Water use efficiency and intercellular CO, means remained fairly constant throughout the study suggesting that photosynthesis in unstressed onions was controlled by internal mechanisms instead of stomata.

scholarly journals Effect of variety and seed rate on hydroponic maize fodder biomass yield, chemical composition, and water use efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Assefa ◽  
Mengistu Urge ◽  
Getachew Animut ◽  
Getnet Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

Maize varieties BH540, BH660, BH661, and MVFG (unknown variety as local check) were evaluated at low (5.6 kg m-2), medium (7.6 kg m-2), and high (9.6 kg m-2) seed rate for hydroponic fodder productivity. A 3 ? 4m wide and 3 m height low-cost plastic house made of translucent plastic and a plastic trays made by bisecting a 25 liter capacity plastic oil container into two equal parts were used for growing the hydroponic fodder. The bottoms of the trays were drilled to open holes to drain excess water during irrigation and placed on shelves.The BH661 exhibited significantly (p<0.01) higher dry fodder yield (6.63 kg) per square meter and per kg seed than the other varieties. Among the seed rates, the high seed rate has a higher (P< 0.01) Dry Mater (DM) fodder yield, but the medium and low seed rates had greater DM fodder conversion efficiency and lower cost per kg DM fodder production. Water use efficiency was lower for BH540 (64 kg DM fodder per cubic meter water) as compared to the other varieties that had similar values (90 to 95kg DM fodder per cubic meter water). Medium and high seed rates exhibited similar water use efficiency, and it is higher than the low seed rate. Therefore, the use of BH661 variety at medium seeding rate is recommended for maize hydroponic fodder production.

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