scholarly journals From Politicization to Securitization of Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (75) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
João Piedade
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Open Sea

Abstract EU’s Energy security and trade depend, to a large extent, on sea-based transport relying on open sea lines of communication and Maritime Security. The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) region has supplied 13 per cent of oil and six per cent of total EU28 consumption. Between 2003 and January 2015, piracy in the GoG accounted for 31 per cent of attacks (616 of 1,965) in African waters. With that proportion on the rise and a growing threat related to Piracy, illegal over-fishing and crude oil theft; maritime (in)security in the region is attracting attention from regional and international governments and bodies. In this context, and considering politicization as a more extreme version or a step to securitization, this paper analyses how an issue is brought up to the level of security by a speech act, namely, explaining how issues are politicized and securitized within the maritime domain and what strategies are involved. A number of institutions are currently acting to secure the Gulf of Guinea with growing co-operation between the region and extra-regional actors. However, the lack of capabilities, weak governance within the region and the willingness to take action from extra-regional actors have undermined the securitization, and thus, the Gulf of Guinea has remained politicized.

scholarly journals Sea piracy and maritime security challenges in the gulf of guinea, 1999 - 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Chidozie Ezeozue
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Armed Robbery ◽  
Data Framework ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

This study has examined sea piracy and maritime security challenges in the Gulf of Guinea, 1999 – 2018. Available literature and secondary data confirms that Gulf of Guinea continues to remain an area of high concern in the area of sea piracy and maritime security challenges. High profile attacks in the Gulf of Aden, off the Horn of Africa waters, and in the Gulf of Guinea (GG), are mostly caused by Nigerian pirates and thus have elicited renewed international attention to the problems of piracy in the waters of Africa.This study was carried out to ascertain the extent to which hostage taking, oil theft and armed robbery at sea affected the security of vessels in the Gulf of Guinea. The data was analyzed using the quantitative descriptive method; also logical data framework was inclusive that shows the entire study at a glance. Consequently, empirical literature and various analyses in this study revealed that hostage taking, oil theft and armed robbery at sea, have affected the security of vessels in the Gulf of Guinea. The study also found that maritime insecurity in the region have adversely affected investment in the area particularly Nigeria; such as shipping of cargo goods, fishing trawlers, crude oil tankers among other; this allows the development of illegal offshore trade in crude oil and refined petroleum; consequently. Therefore, on the basis of the above analysis, the study concludes that hostage taking, oil theft and armed robbery at sea have significant effect on the security of imperative for Gulf of Guinea states to elect a proactive and pre-emptive leadership that would leverage on their oil affluence to address the problems of unemployment, poverty and deprivation especially in riverine communities, which incubate maritime afflictions.

Ewolucja bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski i Białorusi na międzynarodowym rynku ropy naftowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Maciej Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
The Common

Access to energy resources has become one of the main challenges of energy security in the modern world. Due to the growing political instability of countries exporting energy resources, the energy security category should be perceived in a special way. Energy security is expressed, first of all, in stable access to energy resources at an acceptable price. The aim of the article is to determine to what extent the strategy of diversifying the sources of crude oil imports to Poland and Belarus is implemented in practice, and to what extent the implementation of this strategy is conducive to building energy security for both these countries. It seems that despite the similar geological and geographical conditions, as well as the common historical infrastructure heritage, Poland and Belarus shape their energy policy differently. The conducted analysis has an empirical dimension, as the REES index is used to measure the concentration of imports and the short-term risk for the security of crude oil supplies. The article shows that a properly implemented diversification strategy significantly improves the country’s energy security, which is possible due to the use of alternative directions for oil imports to the Russian one.

scholarly journals Polish energy security in the oil sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 02015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Olkuski ◽  
Adam Szurlej ◽  
Barbara Tora ◽  
Miłosz Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Almost all crude oil used in Poland is imported. The domestic production meets less than 4% of needs; therefore, to ensure the security of supplies, Poland relies heavily on imports. It is worth mentioning, however, that Poland has crude oil resources oil fields are located in the Carpathians, Polish Lowlands, and in the economic zone of the Baltic Sea. For years, crude oil is imported mainly from the East, however, a significant change in this approach, leading to an increase in seaborne oil supplies, has been observed in recent years. In 2017, 77.3% of crude oil was imported from Russia, while the rest was supplied from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Norway, and Kazakhstan. Increasing the diversification of supplies is, of course, a very positive phenomenon, because it allows reducing the dependence on one supplier, which is beneficial from the point of view of energy security. Taking into account a high dependence on oil imports, the article also discusses important factors affecting the global oil market: low investment in the upstream sector, a drastic decline in oil production in Venezuela, the impact of the U.S. embargo on Iran, or depleting oil reserves.

China's electric vehicle sector set to go global

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
New Models

Subject The electric vehicle industry in China. Significance A new subsidy regime for electric vehicles (EVs) in China aims to improve the quality of new models in order to capture a growing share of export markets. Chinese carmakers dominate domestic sales of EVs but struggle to compete in export markets, where foreign models boast better performance. Impacts China’s push for EVs, particularly electric buses, suggests that diesel demand will moderate and then fall in coming years. Urban air, in particular, will benefit from the drop in diesel fumes. The electricity system will accommodate rising demand from EVs without serious stress. Substituting imported crude oil for vehicle fuel with domestically sourced electricity may improve energy security.

Ocean governance, integrated maritime security and its impact in the Gulf of Guinea: a lesson for Nigeria’s maritime sector and economy

Africa Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207
Author(s):  
Chinyere Anozie ◽  
Timothy Umahi ◽  
Godwin Onuoha ◽  
Ndubuisi Nwafor ◽  
Onyedikachi Josiah Alozie
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Security ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Ocean Governance
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