Techniques for investigation of hydrogen embrittlement of advanced high strength steels

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Rudomilova ◽  
Tomáš Prošek ◽  
Gerald Luckeneder
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Scanning Kelvin Probe ◽  
Atmospheric Exposure

AbstractProduction volumes of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) are growing rapidly due to material and energy savings they provide in a number of application areas. In order to use their potential fully, it is necessary to minimize any danger of unexpected failures caused by hydrogen embrittlement. It is possible only if deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms is obtained through further research. Besides description of main grades of AHSS and mechanisms of HE, this paper reviews available tools for determination of hydrogen content and susceptibility to HE focusing on atmospheric conditions. Techniques such as slow strain rate testing, constant load testing, electrochemical permeation technique, scanning Kelvin probe and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy have already been used to study the effect of hydrogen entered under atmospheric exposure conditions. Nanoindentation, hydrogen microprint technique, thermal desorption spectroscopy, Ag decoration or secondary ion mass spectrometry can be also conducted after atmospheric exposure.

scholarly journals Scanning Kelvin Probe Investigation of High-Strength Steel Surface after Impact of Hydrogen and Tensile Strain

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Nazarov ◽  
Flavien Vucko ◽  
Dominique Thierry
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Electron Work Function ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake ◽  
Surface Oxide ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Scanning Kelvin Probe ◽  
Cracking Mechanisms

Hydrogen in combination with mechanical stress can lead to rapid degradation of high-strength steels through environmentally assisted cracking mechanisms. The scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) was applied to automotive martensitic steel grade MS1500 in order to detect local reactivity of the surface after hydrogen uptake and tensile deformation. Hydrogen and stress distribution in microstructures can be characterized by SKP indirectly measuring the potential drop in the surface oxide. Thus, the links between electron work function, oxide condition, and subsurface accumulation of hydrogen and stress have to be investigated. It was shown that plastic strain can mechanically break down the oxide film creating active (low potential) locations. Hydrogen effusion from the steel bulk, after cathodic charging in aqueous electrolyte, reduced the surface oxide and also decreased potential. It was shown that surface re-oxidation was delayed as a function of the current density and duration of cathodic hydrogen pre-charging. Thus, potential evolution during exposure in air can characterize the relative amount of subsurface hydrogen. SKP mapping of martensitic microstructure with locally developed residual stress and accumulated hydrogen displayed the lowest potential.

scholarly journals The effect of Nb on the high strain rate hydrogen embrittlement of Q&P steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Florian Vercruysse ◽  
Lisa Claeys ◽  
Tom Depover ◽  
Kim Verbeken ◽  
Patricia Verleysen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Uptake ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Dynamic Tensile Loading ◽  
Carbon Martensite

Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steels are, due to their excellent combination of strength and ductility, seen as good candidates for the third generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS). Although the TRIP effect is beneficial for the overall mechanical behaviour of these steels it potentially can have detrimental effects when strained in a hydrogenenriched environment. The solubility of hydrogen is high in austenite but low in high carbon martensite. Martensite is even in the absence of hydrogen already a possible damage initiation spot. The effect of hydrogen under static and dynamic tensile loading was evaluated in a Q&P and a Nb micro-alloyed Q&P steel. Experiments were carried out under a strain rate ranging from 0.03 s-1 till 500 s-1 and correlated with the hydrogen uptake characterised via thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The presence of Nb resulted in a 25% increase in the hydrogen uptake capacity. A higher susceptibility to hydrogen was observed in the Nb steel partially due to the high hydrogen fraction, but also because of the larger fraction of low stability austenite. However, when tested under dynamic conditions the hydrogen susceptibility is minor and even improved in the micro-alloyed Q&P steel compared to the standard Q&P steel.

Hydrogen Entry Into Steel Under Corrosion Products

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3675 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Rudomilova ◽  
Tomáš Prošek ◽  
Mats Strom
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Rust Layer ◽  
Corrosion Pits

Hydrogen entry into high strength steel after local sodium chloride pre-deposition and during exposure to humid air was studied using scanning Kelvin probe. Two regions with different pH, potential and red rust composition were formed on the corroding side of the specimen. Hydrogen permeating through the specimen was detected over the region with the net cathodic character, which was linked to oxygen reduction taking place on top and within the red rust layer whereas anodic dissolution progressed inside the rust covered pits creating conditions favourable for formation of hydrogen ions. No measurable hydrogen entry was detected in the area covered with an apparently homogeneous layer of corrosion products and corroding uniformly. The finding that corrosion pits were the main source of atomic hydrogen implies that the susceptibility of high strength steels to pitting corrosion is an important parameter for evaluation of the risk of hydrogen embrittlement under atmospheric conditions.

A review of hydrogen embrittlement of martensitic advanced high-strength steels

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Venezuela ◽  
Qinglong Liu ◽  
Mingxing Zhang ◽  
Qingjun Zhou ◽  
Andrej Atrens
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Applied Strain ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Trapping ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Applied Strain Rate

AbstractThe martensitic advanced high-strength steels (MS-AHSS) are used to create fuel-efficient, crashworthy cars. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is an issue with high-strength steels; thus, the interaction of hydrogen with MS-AHSS needs to be studied. There are only a few published works on the HE of MS-AHSS. The current literature indicates that the HE susceptibility of MS-AHSS is affected by (i) the strength of the steel, (ii) the applied strain rate, (iii) the concentration of hydrogen, (iv) microstructure, (v) tempering, (vi) residual stress, (vii) fabrication route, (viii) inclusions, (ix) metallic coatings, and (x) specific precipitates. Some of the unresolved issues include (i) the correlation of laboratory results to service performance, (ii) establishing the conditions or factors that lead to a certain HE response, (iii) studying the effect of stress rate on HE, and (iv) a comprehensive understanding of hydrogen trapping in MS-AHSS.

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Automotive Advanced High-Strength Steels

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 4075-4087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Lovicu ◽  
Mauro Bottazzi ◽  
Fabio D’Aiuto ◽  
Massimo De Sanctis ◽  
Antonella Dimatteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels

Hydrogen Embrittlement and Hydrogen Trapping Behaviour in Advanced High Strength Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1344-1349
Author(s):  
Ali Smith
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Hydrogen Permeation ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Trapping ◽  
Austenite Matrix ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Step Loading

Modern advanced high strength steels (AHSS) for the automotive sector often contain retained austenite which promotes remarkable combinations of strength and ductility. These high strength steels may however be subject to a risk of hydrogen embrittlement. For the current contribution, hydrogen trapping and embrittlement behaviour were investigated in AHSS compositions having different levels of retained austenite. Hydrogen permeation tests revealed that hydrogen diffusion was slower for increased levels of retained austenite, being controlled most likely by reversible trapping at austenite-matrix interfaces. External hydrogen embrittlement tests via step loading also revealed that resistance to hydrogen was lower for increased levels of retained austenite. It was suggested that during step loading the hydrogen accumulated at austenite-matrix interfaces, leading to cracking when the applied stress was high enough.

scholarly journals The influence of microstructure on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of martensitic advanced high strength steels

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Venezuela ◽  
Qingjun Zhou ◽  
Qinglong Liu ◽  
Huixing Li ◽  
Mingxing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels
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