Postnatal ultrasound follow-up in neonates with prenatal hydronephrosis

Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Kebriyaei ◽  
Ali Davoodi ◽  
Seyed Alinaghi Kazemi ◽  
Zahra Bazargani
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Renal Anomalies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Hydronephrosis ◽  
Kidney Involvement

Abstract Objectives Renal anomalies are the most common fetal abnormalities that occur during prenatal development, and are typically detected by observing hydronephrosis on fetal ultrasound imaging. Follow-up with post-natal ultrasound is important to detect clinically-important obstruction, because many of the pre-natal abnormalities resolve spontaneously. This study aimed to evaluate the postnatal hydronephrosis follow-up rate, and reasons for non follow-up in affected neonates. Methods In this cross-sectional study all neonates born during a period of one year at Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital with hydronephrosis on fetal ultrasound imaging were recruited. All mothers were also given face-to-face information about fetal hydronephrosis and its postnatal outcomes, and follow-up with at least a postnatal ultrasound was recommended from the fourth day of their neonates’ birth until the end of the fourth week. The neonates were subsequently observed for one month to determine the postnatal ultrasound follow-up rate and to reflect on diagnostic test results, reasons for failure to follow-up, as well as causes of hydronephrosis. Results In this study, 71 cases (1.2%) out of 5,952 neonates had fetal hydronephrosis on prenatal ultrasound images. The postnatal ultrasound imaging showed kidney involvement in 18 neonates (25%), particularly in the left kidney (61.1%). Seven neonates had no follow-up at one month (10%). No significant relationship was found between lack of follow-up and the neonates’ place of residence (p=0.42), maternal education (p=0.90), number of siblings (p=0.33), or gender (p=0.64). Conclusions Postnatal ultrasound follow-up rate in these neonates with a history of fetal hydronephrosis was incomplete even though parents had been provided with education and advice at their birth time. Accordingly, it is recommended to perform postnatal ultrasound once neonates are discharged from hospitals.

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION USING HIGH-RESOLUTION ULTRASOUNDEX-VIVO

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850012 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMED M. SAYED ◽  
RACHEL LAMARCK ◽  
ELISA CRUZ ◽  
EROS CHAVES ◽  
OSAMA M. MUKDADI
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Image Pairs

This study investigates the feasibility of using high-resolution ultrasound imaging echogenicity to quantitatively diagnose gingival inflammation. Gingival samples were extracted from the study participants during gingivectomy procedures. Ultrasound mechanical scanning of the samples was immediately conducted ex-vivo to render cross-sectional images of high resolution, at different locations. Samples’ histological preparation and analysis was followed after performing ultrasound imaging. Histological sections were then matched with ultrasound images at different sections for each gingival sample. The matched image pairs were used to estimate two quantitative measures; relative inflammation area and ultrasound image echogenicity. These parameters were employed to judge the diagnostic potential of gingival ultrasound imaging. The results show that ultrasound images exhibited low intensity levels at the inflamed gingival regions, while healthy layers showed higher intensity levels. The relative area parameter implied a strong relationship between ultrasound and histological images. Ultrasound echogenicity was found to be statistically significant in differentiating between some inflammation degrees in the studied gingival samples. In summary, ultrasound imaging has the potential to be a noninvasive adjunct diagnostic tool for gingival inflammation, and may help assess the stage of the disease and ultimately limit periodontal disease occurrence; taking into consideration the limits of this study.

scholarly journals Prospective Associations between Maternal and Child Diet Quality and Sedentary Behaviors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Charlotte Juton ◽  
Carles Lerin ◽  
Clara Homs ◽  
Rafael Casas Esteve ◽  
Paula Berruezo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baked Goods

As the most likely primary caregivers, mothers are an integral part of children’s social influence and are therefore greatly involved in shaping their children’s behaviors. The objectives were to determine the prospective associations between maternal and child diet quality and sedentary behaviors. This study, within the framework of a community-based intervention study, included 1130 children aged 8–10 years and their mothers. The study was carried out during two academic years (2012/2014) with a mean follow-up of 15 months. Exposure and outcome variables were measured at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Diet quality was assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and the short Diet Quality Screener, respectively. Sedentary behaviors were determined by standardized questions of sedentary behaviors. Maternal consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, legumes, pasta/rice, dairy products, nuts and baked goods were positively associated (p < 0.05) with the corresponding child behavior. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, maternal education and intervention group revealed significant cross-sectional (p < 0.005) and prospective (p < 0.01) associations between maternal and child overall diet quality and sedentary behaviors. Maternal diet quality and sedentary behaviors were predictive for these lifestyle behaviors in children.

scholarly journals Implementation of a fetal ultrasound telemedicine service: an evaluation of outcomes, women’s views and family costs.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Marshall ◽  
Mabel Lie ◽  
Elaine Bidmead ◽  
Bob Beckwith ◽  
Elisabeth Van Oudgaarden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Diagnosis ◽  
Telemedicine Service ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Telemedicine Consultation ◽  
Women’S Views

Abstract Background The complexity of fetal medicine (FM) referrals that can be managed within obstetric units is dependent on the availability of specialist ultrasound expertise. Telemedicine can effectively transfer real-time ultrasound images via video‐conferencing. We report the successful introduction of a fetal ultrasound telemedicine service linking a specialist fetal medicine (FM) centre and a remote obstetric unit. Methods All women referred for FM consultation from the obstetric unit were seen via telemedicine, excluding cases where invasive testing or cardiac anomalies were anticipated. The image quality was rated following each consultation. Women's experiences and family costs were evaluated by a questionnaire completed following the first telemedicine appointment during the first phase of the project. Results Overall, 297 women had a telemedicine consultation during Phase 1 (pilot and evaluation) and Phase 2 (embedding and adoption) of the project, which covered a four year period. There were 154 new and 143 follow-up consultations. Thirty-four women completed questionnaires during the Phase 1 of the study. Travel to the telemedicine consultation took a median time of 20 minutes (4,150), in comparison to an estimated journey of 229.8 minutes (120,450) to the FM centre. Women were generally satisfied with the service and valued the opportunity to have a FM consultation locally. Conclusions We have demonstrated that a fetal ultrasound telemedicine service can be successfully introduced to provide FM ultrasound of sufficient quality to allow fetal diagnosis and specialist consultation with parents. Furthermore, the service is acceptable to parents, has shown a reduction in family costs and journey times.

scholarly journals Noise diminution in Fetal Ultrasound Pictures

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Michael R ◽  
Ibrahim M
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Input Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Undecimated Wavelet Transform ◽  
Directional Filter ◽  
Undecimated Wavelet

This study offers an inventive way to decrease the stain sound which linked with the ultrasound imaging. This in revolve leads to humanizing the input image and raise the human analytical presentation. It uses an Undecimated Wavelet Transform UWT to decay the image signal to the coefficients, to take the oblique coefficient and applied Independent Directional Mask after replacing the value of each pixel in this coefficient with the comparable pixel in the innovative image, this result yields after applying middle filter in container the value of the pixel is smaller than the entrance value which is pre-specified. We suitable the Directional filter and transmit the design of the new oblique coefficient, and then make the converse wavelet renovate to form the resulting image after dropping the sound of it. The method showed a clear enhancement on numerous ultrasound images via conventional arithmetical measurements and outperformed the other methods which used in common to diminish the noise.

scholarly journals Level of exclusive breastfeeding and its enabling factors among lactating women who delivered in health facilities of Asosa town, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megersa Kumera ◽  
Jemal Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background Despite the enormous benefit of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to mothers and infants, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is globally low. In sub-Saharan Africa and Ethiopia, the prevalence of EBF stands at 35% and 59%, respectively. The low EBF practice in Ethiopia as well as in the studied region calls for further study and thus we studied the EBF practice in the study area since little is known about its current magnitude and factors influencing its practice for some programmatic improvements. Methods A facility based cross-sectional study linked to a community was conducted from June-July 2019 among 412 mothers who had antenatal follow-up and delivered in health facilities of Asosa town over a period of one year prior to the study. Data on socio demographic characteristics and other important variables were collected through face to face interview while gestational age in weeks was recorded from their medical chart by trained health extension workers in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations. The collected data were then cleaned and entered into Epi-data software version 3.02. Analysis was done by SPSS version 20. Binary and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the contributing factors. P-value of less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval was considered to determine statistical significance. Results Of the 412 respondents, the majority (88.1%) were multi-gravida and above. Slightly higher than a quarter (26.0%) and over half (55.4%) had neither received antenatal nor postnatal care. The proportion of mothers who exclusively breastfed their children was 76.0% and the overall aggregated good practice of EBF score was 64.1%. Mothers who completed primary school [AOR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.1,18.2], had four or more ANC [AOR = 1.8;95CI = 0.79–0.98], and postnatal follow-up [AOR = 0.21;95% CI = 0.07–0.67], and had male infants [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.0–4.95] were among the factors influencing the exclusive breastfeeding practice score. Conclusion While three in four mothers exclusively breastfed their newborns and about two-thirds had good EBF score, the observed women’s retention on the continuum of the maternal care pathway is low with one in four had no antenatal and over half had no postnatal care which are important derivers for EBF practice. To improve the EBF score and narrow the observed maternal and child health disparities, it is essential to promote maternal education and increase the recomended coverage of antenatal and postnatal care for mothers.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging Analysis of the Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Echo Intensity: Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliability of a Novice and an Experienced Rater

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Maryse Fortin ◽  
Brent Rosenstein ◽  
Jerome Levesque ◽  
Neil Nandlall
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Multifidus Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus Muscle

Background and Objectives: Ultrasound echo intensity (EI) of the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) could offer valuable insights regarding muscle quality in people with low back pain (LBP). However, whether the rater’s experience noticeably influences the reliability and precision of LMM EI measurements has not been established. The aims of this study were to investigate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of LMM EI measurements, and to compare the reliability and SEM between a novice and an experienced rater. Materials and Methods: Twenty athletes (10 females, 10 males) with a history of LBP were included in this study. Transverse ultrasound images of LMM were taken at L5 in prone. LMM EI measurements were obtained bilaterally by tracing the maximum ROI representing the LMM cross-sectional area (CSA), avoiding the inclusion of bone or surrounding fascia. All measurements were performed by two novice raters and an experienced researcher. Each measurement was acquired by each rater three times for each side on three different images, and the average was used in the analyses. Raters were blinded to each other’s measurements and the participant’s clinical information. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were obtained to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Results: The intra-rater ICC values for the LMM measurements for the experienced rater were excellent (ICC all > 0.997). The inter-rater reliability ICC values showed moderate to excellent reliability (0.614 to 0.994) and agreement between the novice raters and the experienced rater, except for Novice 1 for the right LMM, which revealed lower ICCs and a wider 95% CI. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability results were similar when separately looking at the right and left side of the muscle and participant gender. Conclusions: Our findings support the clinical use of ultrasound imaging for the assessment of LMM EI in individuals with LBP.

Distension during gastroesophageal reflux: effects of acid inhibition and correlation with symptoms

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. G469-G474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelesh A. Tipnis ◽  
Poong-Lyul Rhee ◽  
Ravinder K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Esophageal Ph ◽  
The Mean

We studied spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux (GER)-induced esophageal distension using ultrasound imaging and its role in the genesis of esophageal symptoms before and during esomeprazole therapy. Ten controls and 10 GER disease (GERD) patients were studied by combined impedance, esophageal pH, manometry, and ultrasonography before and during esomeprazole therapy. Physiological data and symptoms were recorded for 2 h following a standardized meal. From ultrasound images, the esophageal cross-sectional area (CSA) at the peak of GER-induced distension was determined and compared between controls vs. patients, symptomatic vs. asymptomatic GER episodes, and before vs. during esomeprazole in GERD patients. The mean lumen CSA is greater in the patients than controls (271 ± 71 mm2 vs. 163 ± 56 mm2, P = 0.001) but not different among asymptomatic reflux episodes, and those associated with regurgitation (290 ± 110 mm2) or heartburn (271 ± 67 mm2). Eight chest pain episodes associated with reflux revealed a tendency toward larger mean esophageal distension (459 ± 40 mm2) compared with asymptomatic reflux (268 ± 70 mm2, P = 0.058). Following esomeprazole treatment, most GER episodes were nonacidic and asymptomatic except in two patients in whom cyclical reflux was associated with large esophageal distensions. Esomeprazole did not alter the lumen CSA during GER. Esophageal distension is greater in the GERD subjects compared with controls; however, it is unlikely that the GER-induced distension of the esophagus plays a significant role in the genesis of heartburn sensation. Esomeprazole therapy does not alter the GER-induced distension of the esophagus.

scholarly journals Tendon Structure Quantified using Ultrasound Imaging Differs Based on Location and Training Type

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton L. Hagan ◽  
Todd Hullfish ◽  
Ellen Casey ◽  
Josh R. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Tendon Remodeling

AbstractAchilles tendinopathy is ten-times more common amongst running athletes compared to age-matched peers. Load induced tendon remodeling and its progression in an at-risk population of developing symptomatic tendinopathy is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to prospectively characterize Achilles and patellar tendon structure in competitive collegiate distance runners over different competitive seasons using quantitative ultrasound imaging. Twenty-two collegiate cross country runners and eleven controls were examined for this study. Longitudinal and cross-sectional ultrasound images of bilateral Achilles and patellar tendons were obtained at the one week prior to start of formal collegiate cross country practices, one week after the conclusion of cross country season, and one week prior to outdoor track and field championships. Collagen organization, mean echogenicity, tendon thickness, and neovascularity were determined using well established image processing techniques. We found that Achilles and patellar tendons respond differently to high-volume running and transitions from one sport season to another, suggesting that tendon structure is sensitive to differences in tendon loading biomechanics. Our findings indicate that Achilles tendon structure in trained runners differ structurally to control tendons but is stable throughout training while patellar tendon structure changes in response to the transition in training volume between cross country and track seasons. These findings expand upon prior reports that some degree of tendon remodeling may act as a protective adaptation for sport specific loading.News and NoteworthyIn this study we prospectively examined the Achilles and patellar tendon structure of distance runners to determine if continued training through multiple seasons elicits tendon remodeling or pathology. We found that Achilles and patellar tendons respond uniquely to the changing loads required during each season. Achilles tendon collagen alignment is mostly stable throughout the competitive cycle, but the patellar tendon undergoes structural changes following the transition from cross-country to track season.

Study of Fetal Anatomy using Ultrasound Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar E. ◽  
N. Sriraam
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Medical Background ◽  
Major Emphasis

Ultrasound imaging has widespread applications in medical field, especially for the study and assessment of fetus in the womb of pregnant woman. This paper highlights the background information regarding basics of ultrasound imaging, the various anatomical terminologies related to human body and fetus, and various steps to identify the organs of fetus using ultrasound images with major emphasis on the fetus heart detection. The paper serves an information source for any engineering person from non-medical background to carry out his/ her research in fetal ultrasound image analysis.

State-of-the-art aortic imaging: Part II - applications in transcatheter aortic valve replacement and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rengier ◽  
Philipp Geisbüsch ◽  
Paul Schoenhagen ◽  
Matthias Müller-Eschner ◽  
Rolf Vosshenrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Open Surgical Repair ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as well as thoracic and abdominal endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR and EVAR) rely on accurate pre- and postprocedural imaging. This review article discusses the application of imaging, including preprocedural assessment and measurements as well as postprocedural imaging of complications. Furthermore, the exciting perspective of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on cross-sectional imaging is presented. TAVR is a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of aortic valve stenosis in patients with high age and multiple comorbidities who cannot undergo traditional open surgical repair. Given the lack of direct visualization during the procedure, pre- and peri-procedural imaging forms an essential part of the intervention. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the imaging modality of choice for preprocedural planning. Routine postprocedural follow-up is performed by echocardiography to confirm treatment success and detect complications. EVAR and TEVAR are minimally invasive alternatives to open surgical repair of aortic pathologies. CTA constitutes the preferred imaging modality for both preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up including detection of endoleaks. Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent alternative to CT for postoperative follow-up, and is especially beneficial for younger patients given the lack of radiation. Ultrasound is applied in screening and postoperative follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysms, but cross-sectional imaging is required once abnormalities are detected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be as sensitive as CTA in detecting endoleaks.

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