scholarly journals Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases Emissions by Management of Terrestrial Ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Pawłowski ◽  
Małgorzata Pawłowska ◽  
Lucjan Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Cement Production

Abstract Carbon dioxide fluxes between ecosystems of the Earth are presented. It was shown that intensifying its absorption of terrestrial ecosystems by 3.2% would prove sufficient to neutralize carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and cement production. It was shown that Polish forests absorb 84.6 million tons of CO2/year, that is 26% of emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, while agricultural crops absorb 103 million tons of CO2/year. Total carbon dioxide sequestration by forests and agricultural crops amounts to 187.5 million tons of CO2/year, which is tantamount to 59% of emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production. Forestation of marginal soils would further increase carbon dioxide absorption in Poland by 20.6 million tons of CO2/year. Moreover, if plants were sown in order to produce green manure - instead of leaving soil fallow - sequestration could still be boosted by another 6.2 million tons of CO2/year.

scholarly journals A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1299-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Andres ◽  
T. A. Boden ◽  
F.-M. Bréon ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
S. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Interval Uncertainty ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Abstract. This synthesis discusses the emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production. While much is known about these emissions, there is still much that is unknown about the details surrounding these emissions. This synthesis explores our knowledge of these emissions in terms of why there is concern about them; how they are calculated; the major global efforts on inventorying them; their global, regional, and national totals at different spatial and temporal scales; how they are distributed on global grids (i.e. maps); how they are transported in models; and the uncertainties associated with these different aspects of the emissions. The magnitude of emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels has been almost continuously increasing with time since fossil fuels were first used by humans. Despite events in some nations specifically designed to reduce emissions, or which have had emissions reduction as a byproduct of other events, global total emissions continue their general increase with time. Global total fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions are known to within 10% uncertainty (95% confidence interval). Uncertainty on individual national total fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions range from a few percent to more than 50%. The information discussed in this manuscript synthesizes global, regional and national fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions, their distributions, their transport, and the associated uncertainties.

scholarly journals A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1845-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Andres ◽  
T. A. Boden ◽  
F.-M. Bréon ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
S. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Interval Uncertainty ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Abstract. This synthesis discusses the emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production. While much is known about these emissions, there is still much that is unknown about the details surrounding these emissions. This synthesis explores our knowledge of these emissions in terms of why there is concern about them; how they are calculated; the major global efforts on inventorying them; their global, regional, and national totals at different spatial and temporal scales; how they are distributed on global grids (i.e., maps); how they are transported in models; and the uncertainties associated with these different aspects of the emissions. The magnitude of emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels has been almost continuously increasing with time since fossil fuels were first used by humans. Despite events in some nations specifically designed to reduce emissions, or which have had emissions reduction as a byproduct of other events, global total emissions continue their general increase with time. Global total fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions are known to within 10 % uncertainty (95 % confidence interval). Uncertainty on individual national total fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions range from a few percent to more than 50 %. This manuscript concludes that carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion continue to increase with time and that while much is known about the overall characteristics of these emissions, much is still to be learned about the detailed characteristics of these emissions.

scholarly journals Analysis The Intensity of CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Hassan ◽  
Jasim H. Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Analysis Center ◽  
Per Capita

Carbon dioxide intensity (CI) refers to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion that mainly used for electricity, heat, transport, and other life requirements. The objective of this paper is better to understand CI as an indicator of Global Warming, and compared its behavior with two other variables (total CO2 emissions, and CO2 emissions per capita). The main data sources an available and activity data from Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). Three annual variables used in this study; CI, total CO2 emissions, and CO2 per capita for fossil fuel emissions during long time series from (1971 to 2018).The results of CI shown that the highest value found out at the beginning of the study in 1971 was (7.188 kg/kg oil equivalent), and then decreased till reach to lower value was (1.707 kg/kg oil equivalent) in 1997, after that slowly increased in the last decade near to (3.63 kg/kg oil equivalent). The total CO2 emissions were strongly related to oil prediction. The highest value for total CO2 emissions was (188.1 Mt) in 2018, with Iraqi oil production more than (4.78 million barrel/day). The total CO2 emissions increased by (65. 176%) during the study period.  The total CO2 emissions were inversely proportional to CI.  The level of CO2 emission per capita rate fluctuated around average (3.49 metric tons per capita); the maximum rate was (4.99 metric tons per capita) in 2013.         

scholarly journals Modeling of Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations as a Function of Carbon Dioxide Emissions with Implications for the Fossil-Fuel Atmospheric Fraction (AFFF)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Relationship Of

In this work, a semi-empirical relationship of carbon dioxide emissions with atmospheric CO2 concentrations has been developed that is capable of closely replicating observations from 1751 to 2018. The correlation consists of a superposition of a linear component that may be attributed to the net emission flux from land use changes coupled with a rapidly varying component of the terrestrial sink combined with a fossil-fuel combustion/cement production emissions-based calculation with a single, fixed, scaling parameter determined by the ocean sink coupled with the remaining slowly varying component of the land sink (the fossil-fuel combustion airborne fraction).

scholarly journals Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Salma ◽  
Anikó Vasanits-Zsigrai ◽  
Attila Machon ◽  
Tamás Varga ◽  
István Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Regional Background

Abstract. Fine-fraction aerosol samples were collected, air pollutants and meteorological properties were measured in-situ in regional background environment of the Carpathian Basin, a suburban area and central part of its largest city, Budapest in each season for 1 year-long time interval. The samples were analysed for PM2.5 mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), radiocarbon, levoglucosan (LVG) and its stereoisomers, and some chemical elements. Carbonaceous aerosol species made up 36 % of the PM2.5 mass with a modest seasonal variation and with a slightly increasing tendency from the regional background to the city centre (from 32 to 39 %). Coupled radiocarbon-LVG marker method was applied to apportion the total carbon (TC = OC + EC) into contributions of EC and OC from fossil fuel (FF) combustion (ECFF and OCFF, respectively), EC and OC from biomass burning (BB) (ECBB and OCBB, respectively) and OC from biogenic sources (OCBIO). Fossil fuel combustion showed rather constant daily or seasonal mean contributions (of 35 %) to the TC in the whole year in all atmospheric environments, while the daily contributions of BB and biogenic sources changed radically (from

Evaluating the Carbon Embedded in the US Public Water Supply

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Twomey ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
The Us

The United States uses approximately 5% of its primary energy and 6% of its electricity to pump, convey, treat, distribute, heat, and recondition water in the US public water supply. Allocating this energy towards water has contributed to a national public water distribution system that is considered among the best in the world, providing its users with a clean and reliable water supply. This water supply, treated to stringent water standards defined by the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Act, has been critical to the health and livelihood of United States’ citizens. However, this energy-expenditure comes at an environmental cost, since the majority of water-related energy is derived from burning fossil fuels. Fossil-fuel combustion emits carbon-dioxide, a greenhouse gas that has become of concern in recent years because of its connection to anthropogenic climate change. The amount of carbon-dioxide that is emitted from fossil-fuel combustion is principally a function of the quantity and type of fuel that is burned for energy. This first-order analysis quantifying national water-related carbon dioxide emissions is the second in a series of several analyses by the authors, quantifying the energy and greenhouse emissions embedded in the US public water supply. Results indicate that water withdrawal, conveyance, treatment, distribution, end-use preparation, and wastewater treatment produces approximately 301 million metric tonnes of CO2 emissions annually. This quantity is 5.1% of total US CO2 emissions in 2009, which is approximately equal to emissions from the gasoline consumed by one-quarter of the US passenger fleet in the same year. Considering that the emissions associated with water for industrial, municipal and self-supplied sectors (such as agriculture) were not included in this analysis, the actual quantity of carbon emissions released as a result of water-related activities is likely to be higher. Consequently, identifying efficiency measures and conservation schemes to reduce the amount of water-related energy consumed in the US might be significant in achieving future greenhouse gas emission reduction goals.

scholarly journals Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 4295-4312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Salma ◽  
Anikó Vasanits-Zsigrai ◽  
Attila Machon ◽  
Tamás Varga ◽  
István Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Regional Background ◽  
The City

Abstract. Fine-fraction aerosol samples were collected, and air pollutants and meteorological properties were measured in situ in the regional background environment of the Carpathian Basin, a suburban area and central part of its largest city, Budapest, in each season for a 1-year-long time interval. The samples were analysed for PM2.5 mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), radiocarbon, levoglucosan (LVG) and its stereoisomers, and some chemical elements. Carbonaceous aerosol species made up 36 % of the PM2.5 mass, with a modest seasonal variation and with a slightly increasing tendency from the regional background to the city centre (from 32 % to 39 %). A coupled radiocarbon-LVG marker method was applied to apportion the total carbon (TC = OC + EC) into contributions of EC and OC from fossil fuel (FF) combustion (ECFF and OCFF, respectively), EC and OC from biomass burning (BB) (ECBB and OCBB, respectively), and OC from biogenic sources (OCBIO). Fossil fuel combustion showed rather constant daily or monthly mean contributions (of 35 %) to the TC in the whole year in all atmospheric environments, while the daily contributions of BB and biogenic sources changed radically (from <2 % up to 70 %–85 %) at all locations and over the years. In October, the three major sources contributed equally to the TC in all environments. In January, it was the BB that was the major source, with a share of 70 % at all sites. The contributions from biogenic sources in January were the smallest. In April, FF combustion and biogenic sources were the largest two contributors at all locations with typical shares of 45 %–50 % each. In July, biogenic sources became the major source type with a monotonically increasing tendency (from 56 % to 72 %) from the city centre to the regional background. The share of BB was hardly quantifiable in July. The ECFF made up more than 90 % of EC in April and July, while in October and January, the contributions of ECBB were considerable. Biomass burning in winter and autumn offers the largest and most considerable potential for improving the air quality in cities as well as in rural areas of the Carpathian Basin.

The Implications of Fossil Fuel Combustion for Climate Change

2005 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Eileen Ross ◽  
Stuart J. Piketh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion

ABSTRACTEmissions from fossil fuel combustion alter the composition of the atmosphere and have been touted as a major cause of climate change. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, for example, has increased by more than 30% since pre-industrial times. Average global surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.6 ± 0.2°C since the late 19th Century, and surface temperature records indicate that the 1990s are likely to have been the warmest decade of the last millennium. The anthropogenically-induced warming is superimposed on natural climatic variability. Proxy records show a regular oscillation, on a roughly 100,000-year cycle, between glacials and interglacials. Superimposed on these long-term oscillations are shorter scale variations. It is thought that changes in the seasonality and location of radiation from the Sun trigger the onset or end of glaciation, and the change is then amplified by feedbacks in the earth-atmosphere system. A firm link between atmospheric composition and temperature has been established from ice core records spanning the last 420,000 years, which show that changes in time of global temperature and atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane are tightly coupled. Global average surface temperature is projected to increase by between 1.4 and 5.8°C by 2100, with the warming being greatest over land and polar regions. Precipitation is predicted to increase in the tropical, mid- and high-latitude regions, but to decrease in the subtropical regions. Alternative energy technologies such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce climate problems and costs.

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