scholarly journals Projective bundles over small covers and the bundle triviality problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintarô Kuroki ◽  
Zhi Lü
Keyword(s):  
Convex Polytopes ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Real Projective Space ◽  
Real Vector ◽  
Small Cover ◽  
Projective Bundles ◽  
Tautological Line Bundle ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Simple Convex

AbstractThe present paper investigates the projective bundles over small covers. We first give a necessary and sufficient condition for the projectivization of a real vector bundle over a small cover to be a small cover. Then associated with moment-angle manifolds, we further study the structure of such a projectivization as a small cover by introducing a new characteristic function on simple convex polytopes. As an application, we characterize the real projective bundles over 2-dimensional small covers by interpreting the fiber sum operation to some combinatorial operation. We next determine when the projectivization of Whitney sum of the tautological line bundle and the tangent bundle over real projective space is diffeomorphic to the product of two real projective spaces. This answers an open question regarding the topology of the fiber of the Monster-Semple tower.

scholarly journals Pure subgroups of LCA groups

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng L. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pure Subgroup ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Dense Subgroup ◽  
Discrete Torsion ◽  
Lca Group ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Lca Groups ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Torsion Free

This paper originated with our interest in the open question “If every pure subgroup of an LCA group G is closed, must G be discrete ?” that was raised by Armacost. The answer was surprisingly easy, but led to some interesting questions. We attempted to characterise those LCA groups that contain a proper pure dense subgroup, and found that every non-discrete torsion-free LCA group contains a proper pure dense subgroup; so does every non-discrete infinite self-dual torsion LCA group. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a torsion LCA group to contain a proper pure dense subgroup.

A Proposed Framework Emphasizing Auditor Reliability over Auditor Independence

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Taylor ◽  
F. Todd DeZoort ◽  
Edward Munn ◽  
Martha Wetterhall Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
The Public ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

This paper introduces an auditor reliability framework that repositions the role of auditor independence in the accounting profession. The framework is motivated in part by widespread confusion about independence and the auditing profession's continuing problems with managing independence and inspiring public confidence. We use philosophical, theoretical, and professional arguments to argue that the public interest will be best served by reprioritizing professional and ethical objectives to establish reliability in fact and appearance as the cornerstone of the profession, rather than relationship-based independence in fact and appearance. This revised framework requires three foundation elements to control subjectivity in auditors' judgments and decisions: independence, integrity, and expertise. Each element is a necessary but not sufficient condition for maximizing objectivity. Objectivity, in turn, is a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving and maintaining reliability in fact and appearance.

The Power of Public Positions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Kantian account of political authority holds that the state is a necessary and sufficient condition of our freedom. We cannot be free outside the state, Kantians argue, because any attempt to have the “acquired rights” necessary for our freedom implicates us in objectionable relations of dependence on private judgment. Only in the state can this problem be overcome. But it is not clear how mere institutions could make the necessary difference, and contemporary Kantians have not offered compelling explanations. A detailed analysis is presented of the problems Kantians identify with the state of nature and the objections they face in claiming that the state overcomes them. A response is sketched on behalf of Kantians. The key idea is that under state institutions, a person can make claims of acquired right without presupposing that she is by nature exceptional in her capacity to bind others.

Interest rate option hedging portfolios without bank account

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Alberto Bueno-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Contingent Claim ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Barrier Option ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Option Hedging ◽  
Hedging Portfolio ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
First Time

Purpose This paper aims to study the conditions for the hedging portfolio of any contingent claim on bonds to have no bank account part. Design/methodology/approach Hedging and Malliavin calculus techniques recently developed under a stochastic string framework are applied. Findings A necessary and sufficient condition for the hedging portfolio to have no bank account part is found. This condition is applied to a barrier option, and an example of a contingent claim whose hedging portfolio has a bank account part different from zero is provided. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that this issue has been addressed in the literature.

scholarly journals Lorentz Boosts and Wigner Rotations: Self-Adjoint Complexified Quaternions

Physics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-366
Author(s):  
Thomas Berry ◽  
Matt Visser
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Wigner Rotation ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Explicit Formulae ◽  
Specific Implementation ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Lorentz Boosts

In this paper, Lorentz boosts and Wigner rotations are considered from a (complexified) quaternionic point of view. It is demonstrated that, for a suitably defined self-adjoint complex quaternionic 4-velocity, pure Lorentz boosts can be phrased in terms of the quaternion square root of the relative 4-velocity connecting the two inertial frames. Straightforward computations then lead to quite explicit and relatively simple algebraic formulae for the composition of 4-velocities and the Wigner angle. The Wigner rotation is subsequently related to the generic non-associativity of the composition of three 4-velocities, and a necessary and sufficient condition is developed for the associativity to hold. Finally, the authors relate the composition of 4-velocities to a specific implementation of the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff theorem. As compared to ordinary 4×4 Lorentz transformations, the use of self-adjoint complexified quaternions leads, from a computational view, to storage savings and more rapid computations, and from a pedagogical view to to relatively simple and explicit formulae.

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