How should the lift and drag forces be calculated from 2-D airfoil data for dihedral or coned wind turbine blades?

In the present work, a consistent method for calculating the lift and drag forces from the 2-D airfoil data for the dihedral or coned horizontal-axis wind turbines when using generalized lifting-line methods is described. The generalized lifting-line methods include, for example, lifting-line (LL), actuator line (AL), blade element momentum (BEM) and blade element vortex cylinder (BEVC) methods. A consistent interpretation of classic unsteady 2-D thin airfoil theory results for use in a generally moving frame of reference within a linearly varying onset velocity field reveals that it is necessary to use not only the relative flow magnitude and direction at one point along the chord line (for instance three-quarter-chord), but also the gradient of the flow direction in the chordwise direction (or, equivalently, the flow direction at the quarter-chord) to correctly determine the magnitude and direction of the resulting 2-D aerodynamic forces and moment. However, this aspect is generally overlooked and most implementations in generalized lifting-line methods use only the flow information at one calculation point per section for simplicity. This simplification will not change the performance prediction of planar rotors, but will cause an error when applied to non-planar rotors. The present work proposes a generalized method to correct the error introduced by this simplified single-point calculation method. In this work this effect is investigated using the special case, where the wind turbine blade has only dihedral and no sweep, operating at steady-state conditions with uniform inflow applied perpendicular to the rotor plane. We investigate the impact of the effect by comparing the predictions of the steady-state performance of non-planar rotors from the consistent approach with the simplified one-point approach of the LL method. The results are verified using blade geometry resolving Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. The numerical investigations confirmed that the correction derived from thin airfoil theory is needed for the calculations to correctly determine the magnitude and direction of the sectional aerodynamic forces for non-planar rotors. The aerodynamic loads of upwind and downwind coned blades that are calculated using the LL method, the BEM method, the BEVC method and the AL method are compared for the simplified and the full method. Results using the full method, including different specific implementation schemes, are shown to agree significantly better with fully-resolved RANS than the often used simplified one-point approaches.

How Do Environmental Subsidies Affect The Environmental Performance of Heavy Polluting Enterprises：Evidence From China

Taking 257 heavily polluted A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2017 as research samples, this paper investigates the impact effect and mechanism of environmental subsidies on enterprise environmental performance. The study found that environmental subsidies have a positive incentive effect on the environmental performance of heavy polluting enterprises, and its positive incentive effect mainly plays a role through three channels: promoting green technology innovation, increasing government environmental supervision and enhancing executives' environmental awareness. Further research shows that environmental subsidies have a more significant promoting effect on environmental performance in non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises with high degree of financing constraints and high level of risk taking. Based on the perspective of environmental benefits of micro enterprises, this paper not only provides direct evidence at the micro level for the implementation effect of government environmental subsidies, but also provides a reference basis for the government to improve the specific implementation path of environmental subsidies. At the same time, it also provides reference for the government to implement directional regulation and accurate implementation of policies according to the particularity of enterprises with different characteristics.

Drowning: Global Burden, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies

Drowning has been described as a major global public health problem and has recently been acknowledged by a United Nations Declaration on Global Drowning Prevention. While drowning impacts countries of all income levels, the burden is overwhelmingly borne by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) who account for 90% of the global death toll. In addition, there is scarce data collection on drowning in LMICs, so the magnitude of drowning may be far greater than is represented. A range of factors including sex, age, education, income, access to water, a lack of swimming skills, certain occupations like commercial fishing, geographically isolated and flood-prone locations, preexisting medical conditions, and unsafe water transport systems, influence the risk of drowning. Some behavioral factors, such as alcohol or drug consumption, not wearing life jackets, and engaging in risky behaviors such as swimming or boating alone, increase drowning risk. Geopolitical factors such as migration and armed conflict can also impact drowning risk. There is a growing body of evidence on drowning prevention strategies. These include pre-event interventions such as pool fencing, enhancing community education and awareness, providing swimming lessons, use of lifejackets, close supervision of children by adults, and boating regulations. Interventions to reduce harm from drowning include appropriate training for recognition of a drowning event, rescue, and resuscitation. An active and/or passive surveillance system for drowning, focusing on individual settings and targeting populations at risk, is required. Drowning requires coordinated multisectoral action to provide effective prevention, rescue, and treatment. Therefore, all countries should aim to develop a national water safety plan, as recommended in the WHO Global Report on Drowning. Further research is required on the epidemiology and treatment of drowning in LMICs as well as non-fatal and intentional drowning in both high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs. Effective and context-specific implementation of drowning prevention strategies, including pilot testing, scale up and evaluation, are likely to help reduce the burden of both fatal and non-fatal drowning in all countries.

An Evaluation of Texture Modified Diets Compliant with the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative in Aged-Care Facilities Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Background: Texture modified diets (TMDs) are commonly prescribed for older adults with swallowing difficulties to improve swallowing safety. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) provides a framework for terminology, definitions and testing of TMDs. This observational mixed-method study used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to establish the barriers and enablers to IDDSI adoption in aged-care facilities (ACFs).Methods: Five New Zealand ACFs who had adopted IDDSI >12 months previously were recruited. Evaluation tools were developed based on CFIR constructs, integrating data from i) mealtime observations; ii) manager interviews and iii) staff (nursing, carers and kitchen) self-administrated surveys. Results: All facility and kitchen managers were IDDSI-aware and had access to online resources. Three sites had changed to commercially compliant products post-IDDSI adoption, which had cost implications. Awareness of IDDSI amongst staff ranged from 5-79% and <50% of staff surveyed felt sufficiently trained. Awareness was greater in large sites and where IDDSI was mandated by head office. Managers had not mandated auditing and they felt this had led to reduced perceived importance. Managers felt staff required more training and staff wanted more training, believing it would improve food safety and quality of care. Lack of a dedicated project leader and no speech pathologist onsite were perceived barriers. Collaboration between healthcare assistants, kitchen staff and allied health assisted implementation. Conclusion: ACF staff were aware of IDDSI but staff awareness was low. Using the CFIR, site-specific and generic barriers and enablers were identified to improve future implementation effectiveness. Managers and staff want access to regular training. Multidisciplinary collaboration and improving communication are essential. ACFs should consider TMD auditing regularly. Successful implementation of IDDSI allows improvement of quality of care and patient safety but requires a systematic, site-specific implementation plan.

What if? Epidemic discourse and serial narration in the alternate history series La Révolution (2020)

The article examines the formal and thematic manifestations of seriality in the Netflix series La Révolution, which justifies the revolutionary outbreak in a counterfactual plot with a viral outbreak that turns the nobles into zombie-like monsters. While, on a macrostructural level, the generic frame of alternate history promotes the serial character through the varying repetition of the historical event, the microstructural level of the narration evokes seriality by exponential contagion and spread of the disease as well as an increasing spiral of violence. First, the focus is on the representation of the aristocrat as a monster in pamphlets and caricatures of the revolutionary era. Subsequent to a contextualization of seriality in the age of streaming platforms, the analysis then discusses the medium-specific implementation of the epidemic discourse based on selected sequences of the series. Finally, it gives a hypothetical outlook on the implied motivations regarding the fictional development of the revolutionary event: through its contrasting exaggeration, the alternate-historical narrative can shed new light on the real historical events.

Umberta Eco Imię róży w szkolnej lekturze licealisty (jako tekst i kontekst kulturowy)

fourthgrade (fifth in technical secondary school) of secondary school. The novel by Eco fitswell with the specific implementation guidelines for literary and cultural education AT both levels of reading. It gives the opportunity to use many valuable cultural texts (including philosophical and literary ones) within the interpretative function. The novel is multi-thematic. It presents both the cultural past of the Middle Ages and the nature of man (his strength and weaknesses in discovering the truth about the world). The work consists of two parts. In the first part, the author propos es selected fragments of the novel (oritswhole) for reading. They serve to deep en the knowledge about the culture of the Middle Ages, also in the context of going beyond the stereotypical image of this era as a darktime. That is why special attention is paid to the matter of the novel’s role of laughter in the Middle Ages. In the second part of the article, the analysis focuses, among others, on playing with the literary text and genre convention (The Name of the Rose as a postmodern novel). The series of les sons also puts forward the topic of becoming inspired by the works of J. Borges and literary tradition as a living component of contemporary culture.

Drastic advancement in nanophotonics achieved by a new dressed photon study

On the very recent advancement of dressed photon studies A timely review of the emerging new phase of dressed photon (DP) studies, not yet prevailing in the global nanophotonic society, is given in contradistinction to its preceding incipient phase. A new theory on DPs crucially depends on a couple of important elements, namely, the knowledge on quantum field theory (QFT) having infinite degrees of freedom, notably on the micro-macro duality (MMD) theory developed by Ojima, and a newly proposed Clebsch dual (CD) electromagnetic field as a specific implementation of MMD theory. The main aim of the first part of this article after the introduction, the section of “In search of refinement of the theoretical models”, is twofold: to explain plainly, without resorting to mathematical equations, the essence of the highly mathematical contents of MMD theory, which clarifies a problematic aspect of the Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment, and to explain the physical meanings of the CD field. Preliminary study on the existence of DP light with spin zero In the section of “Observed “photon cluster” and light field with spin zero”, we briefly report a new intriguing experimental discovery implying the existence of propagating particle-like “quantum DP light” together with a conjecture on its possible theoretical explanation. A perspective on a variety of possible research directions for DPs is then briefly mentioned in mentioned in the final section.

Implementing and Sustaining Family Care Programs in Real-World Settings: Barriers and Facilitators

This presentation will summarize the extant published studies on the translation of proven family care programs for dementia in different care settings. This review is the first to our knowledge to examine the specific implementation efforts deployed in care settings for different family caregiver programs. In this review, we sought to answer three basic questions: (1) What theory base(s) or conceptual framework(s) guided the implementation of evidence-based family care programs?; (2) What implementation strategies were used to support translation into practice?; and (3) What were the identified drivers of and barriers to organizational change required for adoption of an evidence-based program? Understanding the frameworks and strategies deployed in translational studies published to date can help guide future translation efforts, inform the design of new family caregiver support programs that optimize their implementation potential, and ultimately help to minimize the “family care gap.”

Chi-square of Pseudorandom Number Generator of Normal Distribution in C++17

High quality pseudorandom number generators were needed in many software solutions throughout the history of programming. Nowadays, these generators play an even more significant role in software development. Generally, these generators bring a certain level of coincidence in some algorithms which need it. This work focuses on the statistical evaluation of one of the representatives of the generators using Pearson's Chi-square goodness of fit test. The generator of pseudorandom numbers under test is the specific implementation in the modern standard of the programming language of C++ (the standard of C++17). Results presented in this paper inform whether the numbers generated by the selected generator follow the desired probability distribution (normal).

A Blockchain-Based Audit Trail Mechanism: Design and Implementation

Audit logs are a critical component in today’s enterprise business systems as they provide several benefits such as records transparency and integrity and security of sensitive information by creating a layer of evidential support. However, current implementations are vulnerable to attacks on data integrity or availability. This paper presents a Blockchain-based audit trail mechanism that leverages the security features of Blockchain to enable secure and reliable audit trails and to address the aforementioned vulnerabilities. The architecture design and specific implementation are described in detail, resulting in a real prototype of a reliable, secure, and user-friendly audit trail mechanism.