Borsuk–Ulam theorem for filtered spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Biasi ◽  
Alice Kimie Miwa Libardi ◽  
Denise de Mattos ◽  
Sergio Tsuyoshi Ura
Keyword(s):  
Wide Class ◽  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Hausdorff Spaces ◽  
Equivariant Map ◽  
Ulam Theorem ◽  
Free Involution

Abstract Let X and Y be pathwise connected and paracompact Hausdorff spaces equipped with free involutions T : X → X {T:X\to X} and S : Y → Y {S:Y\to Y} , respectively. Suppose that there exists a sequence ( X i , T i ) ⁢ ⟶ h i ⁢ ( X i + 1 , T i + 1 )   for  ⁢ 1 ≤ i ≤ k , (X_{i},T_{i})\overset{h_{i}}{\longrightarrow}(X_{i+1},T_{i+1})\quad\text{for }% 1\leq i\leq k, where, for each i, X i {X_{i}} is a pathwise connected and paracompact Hausdorff space equipped with a free involution T i {T_{i}} , such that X k + 1 = X {X_{k+1}=X} , and h i : X i → X i + 1 {h_{i}:X_{i}\to X_{i+1}} is an equivariant map, for all 1 ≤ i ≤ k {1\leq i\leq k} . To achieve Borsuk–Ulam-type theorems, in several results that appear in the literature, the involved spaces X in the statements are assumed to be cohomological n-acyclic spaces. In this paper, by considering a more wide class of topological spaces X (which are not necessarily cohomological n-acyclic spaces), we prove that there is no equivariant map f : ( X , T ) → ( Y , S ) {f:(X,T)\to(Y,S)} and we present some interesting examples to illustrate our results.

scholarly journals More on the cardinality of a topological space

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bonanzinga ◽  
N. Carlson ◽  
M. V. Cuzzupè ◽  
D. Stavrova
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Compact Sets ◽  
Hausdorff Spaces ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Covering Properties ◽  
Previous Inequality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Continuum

<p>In this paper we continue to investigate the impact that various separation axioms and covering properties have onto the cardinality of topological spaces. Many authors have been working in that field. To mention a few, let us refer to results by Arhangel’skii, Alas, Hajnal-Juhász, Bell-Gisburg-Woods, Dissanayake-Willard, Schröder and to the excellent survey by Hodel “Arhangel’skii’s Solution to Alexandroff’s problem: A survey”.</p><p>Here we provide improvements and analogues of some of the results obtained by the above authors in the settings of more general separation axioms and cardinal invariants related to them. We also provide partial answer to Arhangel’skii’s question concerning whether the continuum is an upper bound for the cardinality of a Hausdorff Lindelöf space having countable pseudo-character (i.e., points are Gδ). Shelah in 1978 was the first to give a consistent negative answer to Arhangel’skii’s question; in 1993 Gorelic established an improved result; and further results were obtained by Tall in 1995.  The question of whether or not there is a consistent bound on the cardinality of Hausdorff Lindelöf spaces with countable pseudo-character is still open. In this paper we introduce the Hausdorff point separating weight Hpw(X), and prove that (1) |X| ≤ Hpsw(X)<sup>aL</sup><sup>c</sup><sup>(X)ψ(X)</sup>, for Hausdorff spaces and (2) |X| ≤ Hpsw(X)<sup>ω</sup><sup>L</sup><sup>c</sup><sup>(X)ψ(X)</sup>, where X is a Hausdorff space with a π-base consisting of compact sets with non-empty interior. In 1993 Schröder proved an analogue of Hajnal and Juhasz inequality |X| ≤ 2<sup>c(X)χ(X)</sup> for Hausdorff spaces, for Urysohn spaces by considering weaker invariant - Urysohn cellularity Uc(X) instead of cellularity c(X). We introduce the n-Urysohn cellularity n-Uc(X) (where n≥2) and prove that the previous inequality is true in the class of n-Urysohn spaces replacing Uc(X) by the weaker n-Uc(X). We also show that |X| ≤ 2<sup>Uc(X)πχ(X)</sup> if X is a power homogeneous Urysohn space.</p>

On the Dimension Modulo Classes of Topological Spaces and Free Topological Groups

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
I. Bakhia
Keyword(s):  
Wide Class ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Topological Groups ◽  
Compact Spaces ◽  
Topological Semigroups

Abstract Functions of dimension modulo a (rather wide) class of spaces are considered and the conditions are found, under which the dimension of the product of spaces modulo these classes is equal to zero. Based on these results, the sufficient conditions are established, under which spaces of free topological semigroups (in the sense of Marxen) and spaces of free topological groups (in the sense of Markov and Graev) are zero-dimensional modulo classes of compact spaces.

scholarly journals Homological epimorphisms, homotopy epimorphisms and acyclic maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395-1406
Author(s):  
Joseph Chuang ◽  
Andrey Lazarev
Keyword(s):  
Wide Class ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Loop Spaces ◽  
Graded Algebras ◽  
Differential Graded Algebras ◽  
Algebraic Description ◽  
Acyclic Map ◽  
Induced Maps

AbstractWe show that the notions of homotopy epimorphism and homological epimorphism in the category of differential graded algebras are equivalent. As an application we obtain a characterization of acyclic maps of topological spaces in terms of induced maps of their chain algebras of based loop spaces. In the case of a universal acyclic map we obtain, for a wide class of spaces, an explicit algebraic description for these induced maps in terms of derived localization.

scholarly journals Two semigroups of continuous relations

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Bednarek ◽  
Eugene M. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Large Class ◽  
Algebraic Structure ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Hausdorff Spaces ◽  
Completely Regular ◽  
Topological Semigroups ◽  
Stone Type

SynopsisIn this paper we define two semigroups of continuous relations on topological spaces and determine a large class of spaces for which Banach-Stone type theorems hold, i.e. spaces for which isomorphism of the semigroups implies homeomorphism of the spaces. This class includes all 0-dimensional Hausdorff spaces and all those completely regular Hausdorff spaces which contain an arc; indeed all of K. D. Magill's S*-spaces are included. Some of the algebraic structure of the semigroup of all continuous relations is elucidated and a method for producing examples of topological semigroups of relations is discussed.

scholarly journals Intuitionistic Fuzzy Topological Spaces Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Fadhil Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Normal Space ◽  
Regular Space ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Fuzzy Ideal ◽  
Scientific Phenomenon ◽  
Fuzzy Topological Spaces

The fusion of technology and science is a very complex and scientific phenomenon that still carries mysteries that need to be understood. To unravel these phenomena, mathematical models are beneficial to treat different systems with unpredictable system elements. Here, the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy ideal is studied with topological space. These concepts are useful to analyze new generalized intuitionistic models. The basic structure is studied here with various relations between the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy ideals and the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy topologies. This study includes intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces (IFS); the fundamental definitions of intuitionistic fuzzy Hausdorff space; intuitionistic fuzzy regular space; intuitionistic fuzzy normal space; intuitionistic fuzzy continuity; operations on IFS, the compactness and separation axioms.

scholarly journals M – STAR – Irresolute Topological Vector Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Raja Mohammad Latif
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Extreme Point ◽  
Topological Vector Space ◽  
Convex Subset ◽  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
Vector Spaces ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Topological Vector Spaces ◽  
New Class

In 2016 A. Devika and A. Thilagavathi introduced a new class of sets called M*-open sets and investigated some properties of these sets in topological spaces. In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of spaces, namely M*-irresolute topological vector spaces via M*-open sets. We explore and investigate several properties and characterizations of this new notion of M*-irresolute topological vector space. We give several characterizations of M*-Hausdorff space. Moreover, we show that the extreme point of the convex subset of M*-irresolute topological vector space X lies on the boundary.

Projective Elements in Categories with Perfect θ-Continuous Maps

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 872-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Vermeer ◽  
Evert Wattel
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
List Type ◽  
Hausdorff Spaces ◽  
Extremally Disconnected ◽  
Continuous Maps

In 1958 Gleason [6] proved the following :THEOREM. In the category of compact Hausdorff spaces and continuous maps, the projective elements are precisely the extremally disconnected spaces.The projective elements in many topological categories with perfect continuous functions as morphisms have been found since that time. For example: In the following categories the projective elements are precisely the extremally disconnected spaces:(i) The category of Tychonov spaces and perfect continuous functions. [4] [11].(ii) The category of regular spaces and perfect continuous functions. [4] [12].(iii) The category of Hausdorff spaces and perfect continuous functions. [10] [1].(iv) In the category of Hausdorff spaces and continuous k-maps the projective members are precisely the extremally disconnected k-spaces. [14].In 1963 Iliadis [7] constructed for every Hausdorff space X the so called Iliadis absolute E[X], which is a maximal pre-image of X under irreducible θ-continuous maps.

Spaces which Cannot be Written as a Countable Disjoint Union of Closed Subsets

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Eberhart ◽  
J. B. Fugate ◽  
L. Mohler
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Hausdorff Spaces ◽  
Locally Compact ◽  
The One ◽  
One Point Compactification ◽  
Compact Subsets

It is well known (see [3](1)) that no continuum (i.e. compact, connected, Hausdorff space) can be written as a countable disjoint union of its (nonvoid) closed subsets. This result can be generalized in two ways into the setting of locally compact, connected, Hausdorff spaces. Using the one point compactification of a locally compact, connected, Hausdorff space X one can easily show that X cannot be written as a countable disjoint union of compact subsets. If one makes the further assumption that X is locally connected, then one can show that X cannot be written as a countable disjoint union of closed subsets.(2)

A Topological Banach Fixed Point Theorem for Compact Hausdorff Spaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Steprans ◽  
Stephen Watson ◽  
Winfried Just
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
Unique Fixed Point ◽  
Banach Fixed Point Theorem ◽  
Hausdorff Spaces ◽  
Compact Metric Space ◽  
Banach Contraction ◽  
Compact Metrizable Space ◽  
Admissible Metric ◽  
The Banach Contraction Principle

AbstractWe propose an analogue of the Banach contraction principle for connected compact Hausdorff spaces. We define a J-contraction of a connected compact Hausdorff space. We show that every contraction of a compact metric space is a J-contraction and that any J-contraction of a compact metrizable space is a contraction for some admissible metric. We show that every J-contraction has a unique fixed point and that the orbit of each point converges to this fixed point.

Simple Links in Locally Compact Connected Hausdorff Spaces are Nondegenerate

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
David John
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
Metric Spaces ◽  
Connected Space ◽  
Hausdorff Spaces ◽  
Locally Compact ◽  
Peano Continua

The fact that simple links in locally compact connected metric spaces are nondegenerate was probably first established by C. Kuratowski and G. T. Whyburn in [2], where it is proved for Peano continua. J. L. Kelley in [3] established it for arbitrary metric continua, and A. D. Wallace extended the theorem to Hausdorff continua in [4]. In [1], B. Lehman proved this theorem for locally compact, locally connected Hausdorff spaces. We will show that the locally connected property is not necessary.A continuum is a compact connected Hausdorff space. For any two points a and b of a connected space M, E(a, b) denotes the set of all points of M which separate a from b in M. The interval ab of M is the set E(a, b) ∪ {a, b}.

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