scholarly journals Relationship between landform classification and vegetation (case study: southwest of Fars province, Iran)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Dinesh Sathyamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Landform Classification ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Position Index ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractThis study is aimed at investigating the relationship between landform classification and vegetation in the southwest of Fars province, Iran. First, topographic position index (TPI) is used to perform landform classification using a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) with resolution of 30 m. The classification has ten classes; high ridges, midslope ridges, upland drainage, upper slopes, open slopes, plains, valleys, local ridges, midslope drainage and streams. Visual interpretation indicates that for the local, midslope and high ridge landforms, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values and tree heights are higher as compared to the other landforms. In addition, it is found that there are positive and significant correlations betweenNDVI and tree height (

scholarly journals Using DEM and GIS for evaluation of groundwater resources in relation to landforms in the Maharlou-Bakhtegan watershed, Fars province, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Mehran Shaygan ◽  
Dinesh Sathyamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Topographic Position Index ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Position Index ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Water Values ◽  
Compound Topographic Index

Abstract The study of groundwater resources in relation to topography is important. Clearly, in different topography, depth of the water level is different. Therefore, the aim of this study is the determination of the relationship between landform classes with compound topographic index (CTI) and depth of the water for the Maharlou-Bakhtegan watershed, Fars Province, Iran. In order to evaluate the depth of the water for the study area, CTI and geomorphology (landforms) were derived from a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM). The results of landform classes extracted using topographic position index (TPI) showed that the largest landform is open slope, while the smallest are plains. It was found that CTI and depth of the water values are high in plain classes, while they are low in local ridges. High depth of the water were found to be mostly confined to the pit regions in the plain landform, because groundwater recharge occurs in the zones where standing water remains for sufficient long period of time and has favourable condition for recharge.

scholarly journals Spatial Downscaling of GPM Annual and Monthly Precipitation Using Regression-Based Algorithms in a Mountainous Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chesheng Zhan ◽  
Jian Han ◽  
Shi Hu ◽  
Liangmeizi Liu ◽  
Yuxuan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Precipitation Measurement ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Global Precipitation ◽  
Spatial Downscaling

As a fundamental component in material and energy circulation, precipitation with high resolution and accuracy is of great significance for hydrological, meteorological, and ecological studies. Since satellite measured precipitation is often too coarse for practical applications, it is essential to develop spatial downscaling algorithms. In this study, we investigated two downscaling algorithms based on the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), respectively. They were employed to downscale annual and monthly precipitation obtained from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission in Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China, from 10 km × 10 km to 1 km × 1 km. Ground observations were then used to validate the accuracy of downscaled precipitation. The results showed that (1) GWR performed much better than MLR to regress precipitation on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM); (2) coefficients of GWR models showed strong spatial nonstationarity, but the spatial mean standardized coefficients were very similar to standardized coefficients of MLR in terms of intra-annual patterns: generally NDVI was positively related to precipitation when monthly precipitation was under 166 mm; DEM was negatively related to precipitation, especially in wet months like July and August; contribution of DEM to precipitation was greater than that of NDVI; (3) residuals’ correction was indispensable for the MLR-based algorithm but should be removed from the GWR-based algorithm; (4) the GWR-based algorithm rather than the MLR-based algorithm produced more accurate precipitation than original GPM precipitation. These results indicated that GWR is a promising method in satellite precipitation downscaling researches and needed to be further studied.

scholarly journals Soil use and occupation in Caracol Settlement: a multitemporal assessment using remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e30891211029
Author(s):  
Odemir Coelho da Costa ◽  
José Francisco dos Reis Neto ◽  
Ana Paula Garcia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Vegetation Landscape ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Gis Software

This study focused on the application of remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques to quantify the agroecological use of Caracol settlement area in order to quantify the vegetated areas, as well as the use and occupation of the soil in the years 2000, 2010 and 2020, in the months of May of each year. To achieve the objectives, computational tools (Quantum GIS software) were used, as well as data from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites, bands 3 and 4, 4 and 5 respectively. Vector data from the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), from the United States Geological Survey (USGS/NASA) for evaluation of the watersheds were also used. For vegetation analysis, as well as temporal evolution, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used, with this it was possible to evaluate by means of thematic maps and tables containing the quantification and classification of vegetation and soil cover. It was evident in the present study that there were significant changes in the vegetation landscape over two decades, through anthropic activity by settled families, that were responsible for such changes in the use and soil cover of Caracol settlement.

scholarly journals Identifying and Predicting the Geographical Distribution Patterns of Oncomelania hupensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niu ◽  
Li ◽  
Qiu ◽  
Xu ◽  
Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Oncomelania Hupensis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Jianghan Plain ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease endemic to the tropics and subtropics, whose distribution depends on snail prevalence as determined by climatic and environmental factors. Here, dynamic spatial and temporal patterns of Oncomelania hupensis distributions were quantified using general statistics, global Moran’s I, and standard deviation ellipses, with Maxent modeling used to predict the distribution of habitat areas suitable for this snail in Gong’an County, a severely affected region of Jianghan Plain, China, based on annual average temperature, humidity of the climate, soil type, normalized difference vegetation index, land use, ditch density, land surface temperature, and digital elevation model variables; each variable’s contribution was tested using the jackknife method. Several key results emerged. First, coverage area of O. hupensis had changed little from 2007 to 2012, with some cities, counties, and districts alternately increasing and decreasing, with ditch and bottomland being the main habitat types. Second, although it showed a weak spatial autocorrelation, changing negligibly, there was a significant east–west gradient in the O. hupensis habitat area. Third, 21.9% of Gong’an County’s area was at high risk of snail presence; and ditch density, temperature, elevation, and wetting index contributed most to their occurrence. Our findings and methods provide valuable and timely insight for the control, monitoring, and management of schistosomiasis in China.

scholarly journals A NEW METHOD TO DETECT REGIONS ENDANGERED BY HIGH WIND SPEEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
P. Fischer ◽  
S. Ehrensperger ◽  
T. Krauß
Keyword(s):  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Landform Classification ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

In this study we evaluate whether the methodology of Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) suits for accurately predicting maximum wind speeds. As predictors a broad set of parameters derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) acquired within the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is used. The derived parameters describe the surface by means of quantities (e.g. slope, aspect) and quality (landform classification). Furthermore land cover data from the CORINE dataset is added. The response variable is maximum wind speed, measurements are provided by a network of weather stations. The area of interest is Switzerland, a country which suits perfectly for this study because of its highly dynamic orography and various landforms.

scholarly journals A NEW METHOD TO DETECT REGIONS ENDANGERED BY HIGH WIND SPEEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
P. Fischer ◽  
S. Ehrensperger ◽  
T. Krauß
Keyword(s):  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Landform Classification ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

In this study we evaluate whether the methodology of Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) suits for accurately predicting maximum wind speeds. As predictors a broad set of parameters derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) acquired within the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is used. The derived parameters describe the surface by means of quantities (e.g. slope, aspect) and quality (landform classification). Furthermore land cover data from the CORINE dataset is added. The response variable is maximum wind speed, measurements are provided by a network of weather stations. The area of interest is Switzerland, a country which suits perfectly for this study because of its highly dynamic orography and various landforms.

scholarly journals Predicting Urban Waterlogging Risks by Regression Models and Internet Open-Data Sources

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Ducthien Tran ◽  
Dawei Xu ◽  
Vanha Dang ◽  
Abdulfattah.A.Q. Alwah
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Elevation Model

In the context of climate change and rapid urbanization, urban waterlogging risks due to rainstorms are becoming more frequent and serious in developing countries. One of the most important means of solving this problem lies in elucidating the roles played by the spatial factors of urban surfaces that cause urban waterlogging, as well as in predicting urban waterlogging risks. We applied a regression model in ArcGIS with internet open-data sources to predict the probabilities of urban waterlogging risks in Hanoi, Vietnam, during the period 2012–2018 by considering six spatial factors of urban surfaces: population density (POP-Dens), road density (Road-Dens), distances from water bodies (DW-Dist), impervious surface percentage (ISP), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and digital elevation model (DEM). The results show that the frequency of urban waterlogging occurrences is positively related to the first four factors but negatively related to NDVI, and DEM is not an important explanatory factor in the study area. The model achieved a good modeling effect and was able to explain the urban waterlogging risk with a confidence level of 67.6%. These results represent an important analytic step for urban development strategic planners in optimizing the spatial factors of urban surfaces to prevent and control urban waterlogging.

scholarly journals Quantifying Efficiency of Sliding-Window Based Aggregation Technique by Using Predictive Modeling on Landform Attributes Derived from DEM and NDVI

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Gomes ◽  
Anne Denton ◽  
David Franzen
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Random Forest Models ◽  
Aggregation Technique ◽  
Elevation Model

Topographic features impact biomass and other agriculturally relevant observables. However, conventional tools for processing digital elevation model (DEM) data in geographic information systems have severe limitations. Typically, 3-by-3 window sizes are used for evaluating the slope, aspect and curvature. As a consequence, high resolution DEMs have to be resampled to match the size of typical topographic features, resulting in low accuracy and limiting the predictive ability of any model using such features. In this paper, we examined the usefulness of DEM-derived topographic features within Random Forest models that predict biomass. Our model utilized the derived topographic features and achieved 95.31% accuracy in predicting Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) compared to a 51.89% accuracy obtained for window size 3-by-3 in the traditional resampling model. The efficacy of partial dependency plots (PDP) in terms of interpretability was also assessed.

scholarly journals Analysis of landslide hazard area in Ludian earthquake based on Random Forests

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 865-869
Author(s):  
J.-C. Xie ◽  
R. Liu ◽  
H.-W. Li ◽  
Z.-L. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
Ludian Earthquake ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Statistical Conclusion

With the development of machine learning theory, more and more algorithms are evaluated for seismic landslides. After the Ludian earthquake, the research team combine with the special geological structure in Ludian area and the seismic filed exploration results, selecting SLOPE(PODU); River distance(HL); Fault distance(DC); Seismic Intensity(LD) and Digital Elevation Model(DEM), the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) which based on remote sensing images as evaluation factors. But the relationships among these factors are fuzzy, there also exists heavy noise and high-dimensional, we introduce the random forest algorithm to tolerate these difficulties and get the evaluation result of Ludian landslide areas, in order to verify the accuracy of the result, using the ROC graphs for the result evaluation standard, AUC covers an area of 0.918, meanwhile, the random forest’s generalization error rate decreases with the increase of the classification tree to the ideal 0.08 by using Out Of Bag(OOB) Estimation. Studying the final landslides inversion results, paper comes to a statistical conclusion that near 80% of the whole landslides and dilapidations are in areas with high susceptibility and moderate susceptibility, showing the forecast results are reasonable and adopted.

scholarly journals Mapping buried paleogeographical features of the Nile Delta (Egypt) using the Landsat archive

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
Tobias Ullmann ◽  
Leon Nill ◽  
Robert Schiestl ◽  
Julian Trappe ◽  
Eva Lange-Athinodorou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Tasseled Cap Transformation ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Imagery ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract. The contribution highlights the use of Landsat spectral-temporal metrics (STMs) for the detection of surface anomalies that are potentially related to buried near-surface paleogeomorphological deposits in the Nile Delta (Egypt), in particular for a buried river branch close to Buto. The processing was completed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) for the entire Nile Delta and for selected seasons of the year (summer/winter) using Landsat data from 1985 to 2019. We derived the STMs of the tasseled cap transformation (TC), the Normalized Difference Wetness Index (NDWI), and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). These features were compared to historical topographic maps of the Survey of Egypt, CORONA imagery, the digital elevation model of the TanDEM-X mission, and modern high-resolution satellite imagery. The results suggest that the extent of channels is best revealed when differencing the median NDWI between summer (July/August) and winter (January/February) seasons (ΔNDWI). The observed difference is likely due to lower soil/plant moisture during summer, which is potentially caused by coarser-grained deposits and the morphology of the former levee. Similar anomalies were found in the immediate surroundings of several Pleistocene sand hills (“geziras”) and settlement mounds (“tells”) of the eastern delta, which allowed some mapping of the potential near-surface continuation. Such anomalies were not observed for the surroundings of tells of the western Nile Delta. Additional linear and meandering ΔNDWI anomalies were found in the eastern Nile Delta in the immediate surroundings of the ancient site of Bubastis (Tell Basta), as well as several kilometers north of Zagazig. These anomalies might indicate former courses of Nile river branches. However, the ΔNDWI does not provide an unambiguous delineation.

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