Climate response of cell characteristics in tree rings of Picea crassifolia

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmei Xu ◽  
Jianxiong Lu ◽  
Fucheng Bao ◽  
Robert Evans ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Picea Crassifolia

Abstract Dimensions of dated tree rings are an important tool of dendroclimatology. However, the relationships between climatic variables and cell diameter and cell wall thickness are not yet clearly elaborated. In the present article, year-to-year cell characteristics, ring width, and wood density of Picea crassifolia trees growing in northwestern China have been measured with high resolution by means of the instrument SilviScan-3. The response function analysis showed that climate explained 51% of the variation of cell radial diameter chronology, 48% of wood density, 40% of cell wall thickness, and 37% of ring width. Cell wall thickness and wood density responded significantly and positively to temperature, and the response to precipitation was negative, while the opposite was true for cell radial diameter and ring width. Cell wall thickness and wood density were pronounced (statistically significant) to temperature in September and precipitation in May and August. Cell radial diameter responded significantly to temperature in June and July, and precipitation, in August. For ring width, the temperature in July was important. Accordingly, cell characteristics are sensitive to climate, and the findings could be useful in the field of dendroclimatology.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilization on Wood Formation in Naturally Regenerated Juvenile Silver Birch in a Norway Spruce Stand in South Sweden

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Josefin A. Nilsson ◽  
Grace Jones ◽  
Charlotta Håkansson ◽  
Åsa Blom ◽  
Johan Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Stem Wood

This study investigates wood density and anatomy of juvenile silver birch stems in Sweden, grown in mixed conifer stands. Our aim is to investigate if fertilization provides increased growth, as well as an eventual reduction in stem wood density. Measurements of basic density, ring width, cell wall thickness, and vessels are analyzed for 20 birch trees. Bark to pith radial sections are analyzed using a light microscope and the freeware ImageJ to compare treatments and ages. The results show that trees with fertilizer treatment have wider growth rings and thinner cell wall thickness compared to unfertilized trees. The fertilized trees also have a lower cambium age at the same height and the same diameter, and a slightly lower stem mean density (420 kg m−3) than the unfertilized stems (460 kg m−3). Fertilizer is a significant determinant of density and cell wall thickness in nonlinear models. The fertilized trees have increased growth and reached a fixed diameter earlier. The age difference between the trees likely explains some of the differences in cell wall thickness. This study supports the use of fertilizer as a silvicultural option for increasing the growth rate of silver birch for a relatively small reduction of wood density.

Relationships between anatomical and densitometric characteristics of black spruce and summer temperature at tree line in northern Quebec

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Wang ◽  
Serge Payette ◽  
Yves Bégin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Ring Cell ◽  
Densitometric Data

Tracheid cell number, cell diameter, and cell-wall thickness of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) tree rings at the tree line (northern Quebec, Canada) were measured using image analysis. The densitometric data from the same samples were used to evaluate the features of image analysis. The anatomical data were correlated with summer temperature variables, including: means of pentad temperature (five consecutive days), growing season (May- September), sum of degree-days, and number of frost-free days. Our results suggest that the main cause of the pale appearance of light rings is thinner latewood cell-wall thickness. Some latewood variables are strongly correlated with corresponding indices for ring cell number and diameter, and ring cell wall thickness. Anatomical ring cell number and the sum of cell diameters (ring widths) were correlated to tree-ring width parameters derived from densitometry. Ring cell number and annual sum of cell diameter also showed very similar trends with both chronologies, suggesting that ring-width length may depend on the number of cells within a ring. Ratio diagram of double cell-wall thickness to cell radial diameter showed similar trend to wood density profile. There is a statistically significant correlation between maximum density and the highest annual ratio between cell wall thickness and lumen diameter. Cell-wall thickness was significantly correlated to maximum density, and both were significantly correlated with summer temperature variables. Our results suggest that wood anatomy may be used as a substitute to densitometry for climate reconstruction as densitometric data require expensive equipments. Also the anatomical method allows the recording of intra-annual information for dendroecological purposes.

Evidence for associations between SilviScan-measured wood properties and intraring checking in a study of twenty-nine 6-year-old Pinus radiata

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick D Ball ◽  
Mike S McConchie ◽  
Dave J Cown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Tree Level

Wood anatomical characteristics of twenty-nine 6-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don trees, selected to represent the extremes of intraring checking, were assessed with SilviScan. Derived ring-level summary variables were calculated from the SilviScan pith-to-bark wood property traces, based on ring means, standard deviations, and quantiles. Incidence of checking was assessed on discs that had been oven dried using a standardized method, and evidence for associations between wood characteristics and checking was evaluated at the tree and ring level using Bayesian statistical methods. Bayes factors of 39.1, 14.9, and 7.8 were obtained at the tree level, representing moderate to good evidence for associations between ring medians of wood density, tracheid radial diameter, and cell wall thickness, respectively. Increasing wood density, decreasing tracheid radial diameter, and increasing cell wall thickness were associated with reduced incidence of checking. These are parameters expected a priori to contribute to tracheid cells' resistance to collapse under drying stresses. A generalized linear model with radial diameter and cell wall thickness as independent variables had a concordance of 83% for predicting the checking status of trees.

Wood-density variation of Norway spruce in relation to nutrient optimization and fibre dimensions

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Saranpää ◽  
Sune Linder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
The Absolute

The effect of fertilization on wood density, fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen diameter, proportion of cell wall area, and cell wall thickness of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were studied in a nutrient optimization experiment in northern Sweden. On the fertilized plots, all essential macronutrients and micronutrients were supplied in irrigation water every second day during the growing season. After 12 years' treatment, data were collected from 24 trees (40 years old) on the fertilized and control plots. Fertilization increased radial growth more than threefold, especially earlywood width, and decreased wood density by over 20% at 1.3 and 4 m height. The decrease in wood density was closely related to the proportion of latewood. The absolute wood density also decreased across the whole annual ring but proportionately more in latewood than in earlywood. A close relationship was found between the wood density and fibre properties, especially with the proportion of cell wall in a cross section of each annual ring, as well as with fibre and lumen width. The absolute cell wall thickness was clearly less related to wood density. However, rather large variations were found between individual trees in the relationship between wood density and fibre properties.

scholarly journals Wood Anatomical Traits Reveal Different Structure of Peat Bog and Lowland Populations of Pinus sylvestris L. in the Carpathian Region

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Balázs Palla ◽  
Márta Ladányi ◽  
Klára Cseke ◽  
Krisztina Buczkó ◽  
Mária Höhn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Extreme Habitats

Ecologically extreme habitats at a species’ distribution edges bear significance for biota under adverse climatic conditions and climate change. Range-edge populations adjust their functional traits to the special local ecological conditions, leading to increased intraspecific variability in their morpho-anatomical structure and, consequently, favor population survival in the absence of competitors. On the basis of wood anatomical traits, such as tracheid lumen area (CA), cell wall thickness (CWTrad), cell diameter-to-radial cell wall thickness ratio (CD/CWT), and the number of tracheids in the radial tracheid files (TNo), we investigated the xylem adjustment of Pinus sylvestris L. populations from six ecologically extreme habitats from the Eastern Carpathians and the Pannonian Basin. Results indicated significant differences among all studied sites in case of all wood anatomical traits as signs of the local adaptation of trees. Peat bog populations adapted their wood anatomical traits to the generally hydric, cool and anaerobic conditions of the peat bogs, exhibiting smaller CA and proportionally thick CWTrad to ensure the hydraulic safety of the stem, whereas, on the lowland site, trees were characterized by a more effective water-conducting system, developing larger CA with relatively thin CWTrad with lower carbon-per-conduit-costs at the expense of higher vulnerability to cavitation. Radial tree ring growth and TNo also differed markedly among sites, following the temperature and groundwater constraints of the habitats. Wood anatomical variability among tree rings and the corresponding short-term climate response of populations differed from the adaptive responses of the trees to the ecological characteristics of the habitat. In addition to the different phylogeographic origin evidenced in former studies, phenotypic differentiation by the habitat type of the studied populations linked to the variance in morpho-anatomical traits have contributed to the survival of the peripheral Scots pine populations at the species’ range margins.

Radial Variation of Anatomical Characteristics in Paraserianthes Falcataria Planted in Indonesia

IAWA Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ishiguri ◽  
T. Hiraiwa ◽  
K. Iizuka ◽  
S. Yokota ◽  
D. Priadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics

Radial variation in anatomical characteristics of five 13-year-old Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen (syn. Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg), an important commercial tree species in Indonesia, were investigated in order to obtain basic information regarding breeding for wood quality. Both cell wall thickness in wood fibers and vessel percentage showed an almost constant value up to 10 cm from the pith and then increased toward the bark. In contrast, wood fiber percentage decreased from 10 cm toward the bark. The cell wall percentage was lower towards the pith and higher towards the bark. In the five sample trees, significant differences were found in the cell diameter of wood fibers, wood fiber percentage, axial parenchyma percentage, and cell wall percentage. Basic density was affected by the cell wall thickness of wood fibers, but not the vessel percentage and fiber percentage.

Genetic control of wood properties in Picea glauca — an analysis of trends with cambial age

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lenz ◽  
Alain Cloutier ◽  
John MacKay ◽  
Jean Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cambial Age

We investigated the genetic control of wood properties as a function of cambial age to enable improvement of juvenile wood attributes in white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Increment cores were taken from 375 trees randomly selected from 25 open-pollinated families in a provenance–progeny trial repeated on three sites. High-resolution pith-to-bark profiles were obtained for microfibril angle (MFA), modulus of elasticity (MOE), wood density, tracheid diameter and cell wall thickness, fibre coarseness, and specific fibre surface with the SilviScan technology. Heritability estimates indicated that genetic control of cell anatomy traits and wood density increased with cambial age, whereas the genetic control of MFA and MOE remained relatively low across growth rings. Wood density, radial cell diameter, cell wall thickness, and specific fibre surface were highly heritable, indicating that significant genetic gains could be expected in tree improvement programs, although cambial age at selection may strongly influence the magnitude of realized gains. In contrast, growth-related properties, such as ring width, core length, and tree height, gave weak or nonsignificant heritability estimates. Adverse correlations between mechanical strength and properties related to paper quality suggest that breeding strategies must incorporate both types of traits to improve white spruce wood quality for different end uses.

Developmental and environmental factors driving xylem anatomy and micro-density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Deslauriers ◽  
Valentinà Buttò ◽  
Fabrizio Cartenì ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Sugar Signal ◽  
Simple Sugar

<p>The current research on the dynamics of tree ring formation in conifers has provided new insights into how rate and duration xylem-cell production and development control the size of the xylem conduits leading to the formation of earlywood and latewood. So far, the physiology behind wood formation processes and the associated kinetics has rarely been considered, leading to the impossibility to grasp the drivers of wood density changes along the tree-rings. Despite the importance of wood density for carbon sequestration and tree hydraulics, little is known about the factors controlling variations in wood density across the tree ring, i.e. micro-density, at the intra-annual scale. We first developed a process-based mechanistic model that simulates the development of conifer tracheids from a simple sugar signal that we discuss together with the main kinetics and environmental variables leading to the formation of micro-density in black spruce, the main conifers species in the boreal forest of Canada. At the beginning of the growing season, low sugar availability in the cambium results in slow wall deposition that allows for a lengthier enlargement time thus producing large cells with thin walls (i.e. earlywood). In late summer and early autumn, high sugar availability produces narrower cells with thick cell walls (i.e. latewood). Wood formation dynamics had an indirect effect on micro-density. Micro-density increased under longer periods of cell wall deposition and shorter durations of enlargement. Cell diameter indirectly affected micro-density via cell wall thickness, which was the most important parameter affecting micro-density. Cell traits experienced the joint action of enlargement and secondary wall deposition in shaping the intra-annual patterns of tree rings. Our results point to the predictive power of a simple sugar signal. During the growing season, the amount of carbon allocated to wood formation largely influences the duration of cell differentiation, thus modulating cell diameter, cell wall thickness and by result tree-ring micro-density.</p><p> </p>

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