Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping of Rice Straw IV: Physico-Chemical Characterization of Acetic Acid Lignins from Rice Straw and Woods. Part 2. Chemical Structures

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jun Pan ◽  
Yoshihiro Sano
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Permanganate Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Chelating Resins ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical

Summary Acetic acid lignins from rice straw (RLs), birch (BL) and fir (FL) were chemically characterized by means of elementary analysis, functional groups analysis, alkaline nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation, Mannich reactivity and other techniques. The results showed that RLs had higher contents of residual polysaccharide and protein, and remarkably fewer acetyl groups than BL and FL. Results of nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation indicated that RLs were remarkably more condensed than the native lignin in rice straw. In addition, the results of Mannich reactivity showed that RLs were more reactive toward modification than BL and FL, and might be a good raw material for lignin derivatives, such as lignin adhesives and chelating resins.

Atmospheric Acetic Acid Pulping of Rice Straw IV: Physico-Chemical Characterization of Acetic Acid Lignins from Rice Straw and Woods. Part 1. Physical Characteristics

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jun Pan ◽  
Yoshihiro Sano
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
C Nmr

Summary Lignins obtained by atmospheric acetic acid delignification of rice straw, birch and fir were characterized by molecular weight, solubility and thermomechanical analysis, and by ultraviolet (UV), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Rice straw lignins (rice lignins) were very different from birch and fir lignins. The former was difficult to dissolve in most tested solvents and infusible on heating, while the latter had a good solubility and fusibility. FTIR spectra indicated that the rice lignins had more conjugated and fewer unconjugated carbonyl groups than the wood lignins. 13C-NMR spectra showed that rice lignins had more polysaccharides associated to the lignin and more p-coumaric and ferulic acid than the wood lignins. Concentrations of acetic acid and choice of catalyst (sulfuric or hydrochloric acid) had a considerable effect on the characteristics of rice lignins. Rice lignin obtained with 90% acetic acid than that obtained with 80% acetic acid, and the lignin obtained with sulfuric acid as catalyst than that obtained with hydrochloric acid, had lower molecular weight, better solubility, lower glass-transition temperature and lower UV absorptivity. 80% acetic acid delignified rice straw less effectively than 90% acetic acid.

scholarly journals Chromatographic characterization of pyroligneous liquid obtained from carbonization of peach stone

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Lidiane Schmalfuss Valadão ◽  
Caroline Dos Santos Duarte ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Agroindustrial Residue

The peach stone is considered an agroindustrial residue originating from the industrial process of peach in halves in syrup. It does not have an adequate destination, its final disposal is incorrect and may cause contamination in the environmental compartments. In this way, the burning of this raw material as biomass enables its reuse, besides adding value to the residue. Among the processes used for the application of this residue is the carbonization process, which allows to obtain co-products with higher added value, such as pyroligneous liquid, which represents a fraction of organic compounds condensed from the smoke emitted during carbonization. The quality of the liquid depends on the process conditions and the biomass used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the sample of pyrolignous liquid obtained from the carbonization of the peach stone, on an industrial scale, qualitative and semi quantitative. Preliminary characterization (pH, conductivity, color, density and contents of tar, organic matter and acidity) and a chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. The liquid presented satisfactory results for the physico-chemical evaluations. Regarding the qualitative determination, it was possible to identify 49 compounds. Highlighting the phenols, with 44.90% of the number of compounds, mainly methoxyphenols. These are compounds with significant added value and industrial importance, indicating their use as raw material in the production of polymer resins, among other purposes.

scholarly journals Analogue Rice as The Vehicle of Public Nutrition Diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Noviasari ◽  
Suba Santika Widara ◽  
Slamet Budijanto
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Twin Screw

Analogue rice is artificial rice product made from non-rice raw material by extrusion technique, which can be the vehicle of public nutrition diversity. The objectives of this research were to formulate and characterize analogue rice made from of sorghum, mocaf and other additional material. The method of analogue rice production is by twin screw extruder hot extrusion done in 2013. The research steps were the formulation of analogue rice, sensory evaluation to choose the best formula, and physico-chemical characterization of the best formula. The best two samples that were chosen are analogue rice made from 30% sorghum flour, 15% cornstarch, and 15% arenga starch (analogue rice B) and analogue rice made from 30% mocaf and 30% cornstarch (analogue rice F). Analogue rice B has 21.72% of amylose (medium) with 4% of dietary fiber while analogue rice F has low amylose which is 14.49%, make it more sticky, with 4.21% of dietary fiber.

Laboratory Methods for the Physico-Chemical Characterization of Recombinant Allergens as Reference Standards

Alergologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Mariana Vieru ◽  
Florin-Dan Popescu ◽  
Laura Haidar ◽  
Carmen Bunu-Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical

Mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of a sintered feldspathic sand

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissemn Gallala ◽  
Mohamed Essghaier Gaied ◽  
Borhen Kchaou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physical - Chemical Issues of Cephalosporin Intercalated Nanoparticles for Life - Threatening Infections Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Lucian Eva ◽  
Letitia Doina Duceac ◽  
Liviu Stafie ◽  
Constantin Marcu ◽  
Geta Mitrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

The fourth generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent, cefepime, was loaded into layered double hydroxides for enhancing antibiotic efficiency, reducing side effects, as well as achieving the sustained release property. The intercalation of antibiotic into the inter-gallery of ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was carried out using ion exchange method, by this constituting a nano-sized organic-inorganic hybrid material for a controlled release novel formulation. Although cefepime is a broad spectrum antibiotic, it has various adverse effects and a significant degradation rate. Thus, the preparation and physico-chemical characterization of nanomaterials able to intercalate this drug is an important study for medical and pharmaceutical field. The antibiotic inclusion into LDHs nanostructure was confirmed by advanced characterization techniques and the release profile of cefepime was analysed with the respect to pH of the simulated media.

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