Effect of HDPE addition on the Pre-reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO by Metallurgical Coke

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Dankwah ◽  
P. Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Horizontal Tube ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Pure Argon ◽  
Composite Pellets ◽  
Horizontal Tube Furnace

AbstractThe effect of high density polyethylene (HDPE) addition on the pre-reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO by metallurgical coke (Coke) has been investigated through experiments conducted in a laboratory horizontal tube furnace coupled with off-gas analysis through an infrared (IR) gas analyser. Composite pellets of Mn3O4 with Coke, HDPE and blends of Coke with HDPE (in three different proportions) were rapidly heated at 1150 °C under pure argon gas and the off gas was analysed continuously for CO, CO2 and CH4. The extent of pre-reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO was then calculated by mass balance for removable oxygen. The results showed improvements in the extent of pre-reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO when coke is blended with HDPE. The time for complete pre-reduction was found to decrease with an increase in the amount of HDPE that was blended with coke. A decrease in CO2 emissions was observed with HDPE addition.

Production of Metallic Iron from Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Using End-of-Life Rubber Tyre and its Blends with Metallurgical Coke as Reductants

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
James Ransford Dankwah ◽  
Pramod Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Horizontal Tube ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Composite Pellets ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyser ◽  
Horizontal Tube Furnace

The production of metallic iron from iron oxide using end-of-life tyres (RT) and its blends with metallurgical coke as reductants has been investigated through experiments conducted in a laboratory scale horizontal tube furnace. Composite pellets of iron oxide (96.89 % Fe2O3) with RT, coke and coke/RT blends (in four different proportions) were rapidly heated at 1500 °C under high purity argon gas and the off gas was continuously analysed for CO and CO2 using an online infrared gas analyser (IR). The extent of reduction after ten minutes, level of carburisation of the reduced metal and the total amount of CO2 emissions were determined for each carbonaceous reductant. The results indicate that metallic iron can be effectively produced from Fe2O3 using RT and its blends with coke as reductant. The extent of reduction and level of carburisation are significantly improved when coke is blended with RT. Blending of coke with RT resulted in significant decrease in CO2 emissions.

Reduction of FeO in EAF Steelmaking Slag by Blends of Metallurgical Coke and Waste Polypropylene

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Dankwah ◽  
Pramod Koshy
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Horizontal Tube ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Steelmaking Slag ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Composite Pellets ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyser ◽  
Eaf Slag ◽  
Waste Polypropylene ◽  
Horizontal Tube Furnace

AbstractThe reduction of FeO-containing slag by blends of metallurgical coke and waste polypropylene (PP) has been investigated through experiments conducted in a laboratory scale horizontal tube furnace. Composite pellets of EAF slag (47.1% FeO) with coke, PP and blends of coke/PP (in three different proportions) were rapidly heated at 1500 °C under high purity argon gas and the off gas was continuously analysed for CO and CO2 using an online infrared gas analyser (IR). The extent of reduction after fifteen minutes, level of carburisation and desulphurization were determined for each carbonaceous reductant. The results show that FeO can be effectively reduced from EAF slag to produce metallic iron using waste PP and its blends with coke as reductants; improvements in the extent of reduction and levels of carburisation and desulphurisation of the reduced metal were observed when coke was blended with PP.

Effect of Silica Sources on Synthesis of Alumina-Mullite-Silicon Carbide Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutham Niyomwas
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Horizontal Tube ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Carbide Composite ◽  
Whisker Morphology ◽  
Horizontal Tube Furnace ◽  
Sem Analyses

Synthesis of alumina-mullite-silicon carbide composite (Al2O3-Al6Si2O13-SiCw) was obtained in situ by carbothermal reduction of a mixture of kaolin and two different silica sources. The carbothermal reduction was carried out in a horizontal tube furnace under flow of argon gas. The synthesized products were mixtures of alumina, mullite and silicon carbide in the form of whiskers. The effects of adding two different silica sources of rice husk ash and silica powder to the mixture of kaolin and activated carbon were investigated. XRD and SEM analyses indicate complete reaction of precursors to yield Al2O3-Al6Si2O13-SiC as product powders, with the SiC having whisker morphology.

Composition and Surface Topography Effects on Apatite-Forming Ability of Ceramic-Polymer Composites

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Rea ◽  
Serena M. Best ◽  
William Bonfield
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Apatite Layer ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
X Ray

AbstractHAPEXTM (40 vol% hydroxyapatite in a high-density polyethylene matrix) and AWPEX (40 vol% apatite-wollastonite glass ceramic in a high density polyethylene matrix) are composites designed to provide bioactivity and to match the mechanical properties of human cortical bone. HAPEXTM has had clinical success in middle ear and orbital implants, and there is great potential for further orthopaedic applications of these materials. However, more detailed in vitro investigations must be performed to better understand the biological interactions of the composites and so the bioactivity of each material was assessed in this study. Specifically, the effects of controlled surface topography and ceramic filler composition on apatite layer formation in acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentration similar to those of human blood plasma were examined. Samples were prepared as 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 mm tiles with polished, roughened, or parallel-grooved surface finishes, and were incubated in 20 ml of SBF at 36.5 °C for 1, 3, 7, or 14 days. The formation of a biologically active apatite layer on the composite surface after immersion was demonstrated by thin-film x-ray diffraction (TF-XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. Variations in sample weight and solution pH over the period of incubation were also recorded. Significant differences were found between the two materials tested, with greater bioactivity in AWPEX than HAPEXTM overall. Results also indicate that within each material the surface topography is highly important, with rougher samples correlated to earlier apatite formation.

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