scholarly journals Effect of TiO2 content in slag on Ti content in molten steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Gang Gao ◽  
Xiaofang Shi ◽  
Zhenghai Zhu ◽  
Lizhong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Molten Steel ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Ladle Slag ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
Industrial Experiments ◽  
Critical Content ◽  
Slag Structure ◽  
Dissolved Aluminum ◽  
Ti Content

Abstract A calculation model of activity for CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2 slag is established according to molecular-ion coexistence theory of slag structure to calculate the activities of Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 in the slag. The possibility of TiO2 reduction in the slag during refining is analyzed by thermodynamics and verified by laboratory and industrial experiments. Both theoretical analysis and laboratory experimental results show that the content of TiO2 in the ladle slag significantly influences the Ti content in molten steel. When the content of the dissolved aluminum in molten steel is 0.030–0.050%, the TiO2 content in the ladle slag should be controlled below 0.3% to prevent TiO2 reduction. The critical content of TiO2 decreases with an increasing amount of the dissolved aluminum in molten steel. In addition, silicon should be used as a deoxidizer during diffused deoxidization because aluminum as a deoxidizer would lead to the reduction of TiO2. The industrial experiments confirm the results of the laboratory experiments and thermodynamics analysis.

Calculation Model of Mass Action Concentrations for CaO-MnO-FeO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 Slags Based on the Ion and Molecule Coexistence Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Xiao Hong Yang ◽  
Xiao Chun Ma ◽  
Cheng Chuan Wu ◽  
Guo Guang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
Slag Structure ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Good Agreement

According to the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) of slag structure and corresponding phase diagrams, a thermodynamic model for calculating mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples of CaO-MnO-FeO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slags was established. Equilibrium mass action concentrations of each structure unit were gained. And the calculation results of NFeO and NMnO were compared with measured aFeO and aMnO. The comparison shows that the calculated values of NFeO and NMnO are in good agreement with the reported measured values of aFeO and aMnO, so this calculating model could fairly describe the characteristics of the slag system.

Calculation Model of Activity for Slag System of CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2503-2506
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhu ◽  
Hong Ming Wang ◽  
Gui Rong Li ◽  
Yu Tao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Molten Slag ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Slag Basicity ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
Fe2o3 Content ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Slag Structure

Based on the coexistence theory of slag structure, the activity model of CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3 ternary slag system was established. The effects of Fe2O3 content and basicity on the activities of CaO and 2CaO•SiO2 were investigated. The structure units of Fe2O3 in the molten slag were discussed. The results indicate the slag basicity has a significant influence on the activities of CaO and 2CaO•SiO2. The activity of CaO increases with increasing slag basicity, while the activity of 2CaO•SiO2 increases with the increasing of slag basicity when the basicity is less than 1.8, which reaches the maximum value when the basicity is 1.8. In another word, when the slag basicity exceeds 1.8, the activity of 2CaO•SiO2 decreases with the increasing of slag basicity. In addition, the activities of CaO and 2CaO•SiO2 can be decreased by Fe2O3. Moreover, when the slag basicity is higher than 2.0, the activity of 2CaO•SiO2 increases slightly with the increasing of Fe2O3 content. The main structure units of Fe2O3 in molten slag are closely related to the slag basicity.

Calculation Model of Mass Action Concentrations for CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Slag System

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Hong Ming Wang ◽  
Gui Rong Li ◽  
Xiang Zhu ◽  
Yu Tao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Slag System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Slag Basicity ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
Slag Structure

According to the coexistence theory of melted slag structure, a calculation model of mass action concentrations for CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag system has been established, by which the mass action concentrations of all structure units in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 systems are calculated. The effects of Al2O3 content and slag basicity on the mass action concentrations are investigated. The results indicate that both basicity and the content of Al2O3 have remarkable effects on mass action concentrations of CaO, 2CaO•SiO2, CaO•SiO2, CaO•Al2O3 and 2CaO•SiO2•Al2O3, etc. Furthermore, the effects of Al2O3 content on mass action concentrations are relevant with slag basicity. The basicity has more influences on mass action concentrations of CaO, CaO•SiO2, 2CaO•SiO2 and 3CaO•SiO2, whereas the basicity has little effect on mass action concentrations of other structure units in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system.

scholarly journals Calculation Model for Activity of FeO in Quaternary Slag System SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-FeO

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Guojun Ma ◽  
Mengke Liu ◽  
Jingjing Zou
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
Slag Structure ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

According to the coexistence theory of slag structure, a calculation model for the activity of FeO in the quaternary system SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-FeO of depleted copper slag was established. The model was used to calculate and analyze the effects of temperature (T), basicity (B), and Al2O3 content on the activity of FeO (NFeO). The results show that temperature has little impact on NFeO. With increased basicity, NFeO first increased slightly, then increased sharply, and finally decreased. It is easier for CaO to combine with SiO2 than FeO to form calcium silicate, which replaces FeO in 2FeO·SiO2 and increases NFeO. However, when basicity is higher than 2.0, CaO not only reacts with SiO2, but also combines with FeO to form calcium ferrate compounds to decrease NFeO. In addition, the activity of FeO decreases with increased Al2O3 content because of the reaction between CaO and Al2O3. The results can be used as a theoretical basis to guide the carbothermal reduction process of copper slag.

Calculation Model of Mass Action Concentration for CaO-B2O3-SiO2 Slag System

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 3114-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ming Wang ◽  
Xiang Zhu ◽  
Gui Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Slag System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Slag Basicity ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
B2o3 Content ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Slag Structure ◽  
Mass Action Concentration

According to the coexistence theory of melted slag structure, a calculation model of mass action concentrations for CaO-B2O3-SiO2 slag system has been established, by which the mass action concentrations of all structure units in CaO-B2O3-SiO2 systems are calculated. The results indicate that the activities of CaO and 2CaO•SiO2 can be decreased effectively by B2O3. Furthermore, when the slag basicity is higher than 2.0, the activity of 2CaO•SiO2 increases firstly and then decreases with the increasing of B2O3 content. The activity of CaO increases with the increasing of slag basicity. When the basicity is less than 2.2, the activity of 2CaO•SiO2 increases with the increase of slag basicity. Moreover, when the basicity is 2.2, the activity of 2CaO•SiO2 reaches the maximum value. In another word, the activity of 2CaO•SiO2 decreases with the increase of slag basicity on the condition that the slag basicity exceeds 2.2. B2O3 exists in the slag in the form of CaO•B2O3, 2CaO•B2O3 and 3CaO•B2O3.

Determine Weight of Hot Metal Car Using Strain Gage Method

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane E. Reichard ◽  
Sean P. Krompegel ◽  
James E. Reichard ◽  
Elvin B. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Molten Steel ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Linear Strain ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Calibration Condition ◽  
Over Time

In certain situations, train car containers that carry hot metal have been overfilled, which necessitated the replacement of very costly car parts. Therefore, it is desirable to predict the amount of fluid needed at all times in order to know when to divert the flow of molten steel from the car. This study showed that the level of fluid in a container can be controlled even when the amount of fluid inside the container is not visible. When strain gages are effectively installed they can be used to continuously calculate the weight of a system as the strain increases, although only the final total weight is of concern. Strain gages can be positioned in safe locations on the spanner bolster of a hot metal car. The gages are installed such that the thermal and axial strains cancel out, ultimately leaving only the value for the weight of the loaded car. Once the gages are installed, they are calibrated when the system is full. For all subsequent loading periods, the strain gages report a linear strain increasing until it is equal to the original full calibration value. This then signals the operator to divert the flow of steel. If the inside of the container deteriorates over time, the strain that governs the shutoff remains the same although the fluid level is slightly lower. In the event of skull (leftover steel in the container), the maximum strain remains the same and the final volume is lower than the initial calibration condition. The objective in all cases is to avoid overflow of fluid from the car. This investigation showed that the amount of fluid in a train car that carries molten steel can be known at all times during the filling process. It is supported with manual calculations, finite element analyses, and laboratory experiments.

Calculating Model of FetO Activity in Alkali-Containing BF Slag

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Jian Chao Li ◽  
Yan Chang Kong ◽  
Qing Lü ◽  
Fu Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Coexistence Theory ◽  
Slag Structure ◽  
Bf Slag ◽  
Calculating Model

The FetO activity calculating model of alkali-containing BF slag was built according to the coexistence theory of slag structure at 1773K. The results reveal: it is correspond to reality and embody the structural characteristics of BF slag. The FetO activity of slag increases obviously with the w(CaO)/w(SiO2) increasing, decreases with the Al2O3 and MgO contents increasing.

Characterization and Modeling of Ladle Teeming Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno A.B. Ribeiro ◽  
Leandro S. Oliveira ◽  
Roberto Parreiras Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Continuous Casting Process ◽  
Ladle Slag ◽  
Funnel Formation

In the continuous casting process, significant amounts of molten steel are left in the ladle during teeming as an established practice to avoid vortexing funnel formation in the end of the teeming process, preventing the ladle slag to be carried over to the tundish. Thus, it was the objective of this work to experimentally and numerically analyze the funnel formation in ladle teeming process. Experiments were designed and carried out to verify the numerical results.

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