Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching and Kinesiology Taping on Pelvic Compensation During Double-Knee Extension

Abstract Shortened hamstrings are likely to restrict the anterior pelvic tilt and induce a slumped posture due to the posterior pelvic tilt. This study was conducted to compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and modified anterior pelvic tilt taping (APTT) on hamstring shortness-associated pelvic compensation while executing seated double-knee extension. Male college students (28 healthy young adults; mean age: 21.4 ± 2.1 years) with hamstring shortness were recruited as study subjects and randomly assigned to either the PNF stretching group (control group) or the APTT group (experimental group). In all the subjects, changes in the movement distance of the centre of gluteal pressure (COGP) as well as rectus abdominis (RA) and semitendinosus (SEM) muscle activities were measured during seated double-knee extension while the respective intervention method was applied. Both groups showed significant decreases in COGP distance and RA muscle activity compared with their respective baseline values (p < 0.05), however, no significant changes were observed in SEM muscle activity. We can infer that not only a direct intervention on the hamstring, such as PNF stretching, but also a modified APTT-mediated pelvic intervention may be used as a method for reducing pelvic compensation induced by hamstring shortness.

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Effect of Stretching on Ankle and Knee Angles and Gastrocnemius Activity during the Stance Phase of Gait

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.18.4.521 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 521-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Marie A. Johanson ◽

Brian J. Cuda ◽

Jonathan E. Koontz ◽

Julia C. Stell ◽

Thomas A. Abelew

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽

Heel Strike ◽

Control Group ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽

Experimental Group

Context:Stretching exercises are commonly prescribed for patients and healthy individuals with limited extensibility of the gastrocnemius muscle.Objective:To determine effects of gastrocnemius stretching on ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, and gastrocnemius muscle activity during gait.Design:Randomized-control trial.Setting:Biomechanical laboratory.Participants:Sixteen volunteers (9 men and 7 women, mean age = 27 y) with less than 5° of passive ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion randomly assigned to an experimental or control group.Intervention:The experimental group performed gastrocnemius stretching for 3 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Maximum ankle dorsiflexion, maximum knee extension, and EMG amplitude of the gastrocnemius muscles were measured between heel strike and heel-off before and after intervention.Results:No significant effect of group or time was found on maximum ankle dorsiflexion, maximum knee extension, or EMG activity of the medial or lateral gastrocnemius muscles between heel strike and heel-off. The experimental group had significantly greater passive ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion bilaterally at posttest than the control group.Conclusions:Stretching did not alter joint angles or gastrocnemius muscle activity in the early to midstance phase of gait.

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Acute Lower Extremity Running Kinematics After a Hamstring Stretch

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-47.1.5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 5-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Autumn L. Davis Hammonds ◽

Kevin G. Laudner ◽

Steve McCaw ◽

Todd A. McLoda

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Tilt ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Swing Phase ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Control Group ◽

Single Session ◽

Anterior Pelvic Tilt ◽

Hamstring Flexibility ◽

Hip Flexion ◽

Straight Leg Raise

Context: Limited passive hamstring flexibility might affect kinematics, performance, and injury risk during running. Pre-activity static straight-leg raise stretching often is used to gain passive hamstring flexibility. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of a single session of passive hamstring stretching on pelvic, hip, and knee kinematics during the swing phase of running. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Biomechanics research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-four male (age = 21.2 ± 1.4 years) and female (age = 21.3±2.0 years) recreational athletes. Intervention(s): Participants performed treadmill running pretests and posttests at 70% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate. Pelvis, hip, and knee joint angles during the swing phase of 5 consecutive gait cycles were collected using a motion analysis system. Right and left hamstrings of the intervention group participants were passively stretched 3 times for 30 seconds in random order immediately after the pretest. Control group participants performed no stretching or movement between running sessions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Six 2-way analyses of variance to determine joint angle differences between groups at maximum hip flexion and maximum knee extension with an α level of .008. Results: Flexibility increased between pretest and post-test in all participants (F1,30 = 80.61, P<.001). Anterior pelvic tilt (F1,30 = 0.73, P=.40), hip flexion (F1,30 = 2.44, P=.13), and knee extension (F1,30 = 0.06, P=.80) at maximum hip flexion were similar between groups throughout testing. Anterior pelvic tilt (F1,30 = 0.69, P=.41), hip flexion (F1,30 = 0.23, P=.64), and knee extension (F1,30 = 3.38, P=.62) at maximum knee extension were similar between groups throughout testing. Men demonstrated greater anterior pelvic tilt than women at maximum knee extension (F1,30 = 13.62, P=.001). Conclusions: A single session of 3 straight-leg raise hamstring stretches did not change pelvis, hip, or knee running kinematics.

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Does soft tissue mobilization assist static stretching to improve hamstring flexibility? A randomized controlled trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0288 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shibili Nuhmani

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Control Group ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hamstring Flexibility ◽

Soft Tissue Mobilization ◽

Experimental Group

AbstractObjectivesObjective of the study is to investigate whether Soft tissue mobilization (STM) can assist with static stretching to improve hamstring flexibly.MethodsThe design of the study was repeated measure design. The study was conducted at the physical therapy laboratory of Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi. Participants included 78 healthy males with hamstring tightness, randomly assigned to either the control group (static stretching) or the experimental group (STM and static stretching). The experimental group received five sets of four different STM techniques, followed by two sets of 30-s static stretches 3 days per week over the course of 12 weeks. The control group received 5 min of sham ultrasound with an inactive probe prior to static stretching. Active knee extension test (AKE) was the outcome measure.ResultsBoth groups showed significant improvement in AKE compared with the baseline measurements. With ingroup analysis showed a significant difference in AKE across all measured time periods (weeks 4, 8, and 12) with pre-test in both groups (p<0.05). No significant difference in AKE improvement was found between groups (p>0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study show that STM prior to static stretching does not significantly improve hamstring flexibility among healthy individuals. Although this study cannot be generalized, the results may be useful for evidence-based practice in the management of hamstring tightness.

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Effective Role of Emotions in Teaching

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0401.080 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sujit Dhanraj Kumavat

Keyword(s):

Teaching Methods ◽

Teaching Method ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Junior College ◽

Control Group ◽

Neutral Group ◽

Group I ◽

Group Control Group ◽

Experimental Group

The objective of the present study was to find out the role of emotion in effective teaching of junior college students. The sample for the present research selected from the grantable junior college in Ahmednagar. For the research 11th class 90 students of Commerce faculty was selected. Among them 30 student selected for the positive emotion teaching group (Experimental group I). 30 students selected for the negative emotion (Experimental group II). And 30 students were selected for the neutral group (Control group III). The age range of the students were 17 to 18 years (M=35.00 SD=7.38). In the research Simple random method was used. The first hypothesis of the research was positive emotional teaching method high in English retention than negative and neutral teaching methods. Tolls 11th class English syllabus selected for the study. Result first result was showed that positive emotional teaching had significantly high English retention than the negative and neutral emotional teaching methods.

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Comparing of the reduction accuracy of marker-3D measurement method and traditional radiograph measurement method in the treatment of patients with tibia fracture treated with Taylor Spatial Frame: a retrospective study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-69941/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

QiXin Liu ◽

Hong Li ◽

SiDa Liu ◽

XueFei Fu ◽

YanShi Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Measurement Method ◽

Tibia Fracture ◽

Taylor Spatial Frame ◽

Lateral Radiograph ◽

Control Group ◽

X Rays ◽

3D Measurement ◽

Spatial Frame ◽

Group Control Group ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Background The Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) has been widely used on tibia fractures. However, traditional radiograph measurement method is complicated and the reduction accuracy is not high enough for correcting residual deformities. We proposed the marker-3D measurement method to solve these problems. This study aimed to compare the reduction accuracy of the traditional radiograph measurement method and the marker-3D measurement method in tibia fracture treated with TSF. Methods From January 2016 to June 2019, A retrospective analysis was performed based on the patients with tibia fracture treated with TSF in Tianjin Hospital. Forty-one patients were qualified for this study, including 21 patients in the marker-3D measurement group (experimental group) and 20 patients in the traditional radiograph measurement group (control group). In the experimental group, CT scan was performed for 3D reconstruction with 6 markers installed on the TSF, to determine the adjusting plan; in the control group, the Anteroposterior (AP) and Lateral radiographs were performed for the deformity parameters. All fractures were corrected after TSF adjusting, and then X-rays were taken to measure the residual deformities. Results All patients reached functional reduction. The residual displacement deformity (RDD) in AP radiograph was 0.5 (0, 1.72) mm in experimental group and 1.74 (0.43, 3.67) mm in control group; the residual angle deformity (RAD) in AP radiograph was 0 (0, 1.25) ° in experimental group and 1.25 (0.62, 1.95) °in control group. As to the Lateral radiograph, the RDD was 0 (0, 1.22) mm in experimental group and 2.02 (0, 3.74) mm in control group; the RAD was 0 (0, 0) ° in experimental group and 1.42 (0, 1.93) ° in control group. Significant differences in all above comparisons were found between the groups (AP radiograph RDD: P = 0.024, RAD: P = 0.020; Lateral radiograph RDD: P = 0.016, RAD: P = 0.004). Conclusion Both groups achieved satisfactory fracture reduction. However, the residual deformities in the experimental group were significantly smaller. This study proved that the marker-3D measurement method could further improve the accuracy of the reduction.

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Step-by-step teaching method: improving learning outcomes of undergraduate dental students in layering techniques for direct composite resin restorations

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-020-02230-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jia-xue Yuan ◽

Ke-yu Yang ◽

Jing Ma ◽

Zhen-zhen Wang ◽

Qing-yu Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Teaching Method ◽

Dental Students ◽

Control Group ◽

Final Score ◽

Composite Resin Restorations ◽

Group Control Group ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Resin Restorations

Abstract Background Layering techniques for direct composite resin restorations might be complicated for inexperienced learners, as a number of materials and instruments are required at each step. The present study aimed to compare and assess the teaching effect of step-by-step and all-in-one teaching methods in layering techniques for direct composite resin restorations among undergraduate dental students. Methods A total of 68 junior dental students participated in this study, which was a prospective and single-blind trial. The students were randomly divided into a step-by-step group (experimental group, n = 34) and all-in-one group (control group, n = 34). The same teacher taught the two groups, ensuring a comparable teaching effect. The final score of each student was an average of scores by two experts who were blinded to the grouping. The scoring system was consisted by five parts. Each part was assigned scores of 3.0, 1.5, or 0. The total maximum score was 15 and minimum was 0. The total time taken by each group was also calculated. Results The values of the quality of tooth restorations evaluated by experts for step-by-step and all-in-one groups were 11.29 ± 2.13 from 15 and 9.00 ± 2.71 from 15 (t = 3.88, P < 0.001), respectively. In addition, the time spent by the experimental group was significantly lesser than that spent by the control group, which was 122.47 ± 2.82 and 137.18 ± 6.75 min, respectively (t = 11.72, p < 0.001). Conclusion With regard to the layering techniques for direct composite resin restorations, the outcomes were better in the step-by-step group than in the all-in-one group.

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Functional Changes of Temporomandibular Joint Mechanoreceptors Induced by Reduced Masseter Muscle Activity in Growing Rats

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/081108-424.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 978-983 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Takayoshi Ishida ◽

Tadachika Yabushita ◽

Kunimichi Soma

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Masseter Muscle ◽

Growth Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Masseter Muscles ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Indirect Stimulation

Abstract Objective: To determine the influence of masseter muscle activity during growth on the functional characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mechanoreceptors. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six 3-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into an experimental group, in which the masseter muscles were bilaterally resected at 3 weeks of age, and a control group. Single-unit activities of the TMJ mechanoreceptors were evoked by indirect stimulation of passive jaw movement. Electrophysiologic recordings of TMJ units were made at 5, 7, and 9 weeks of age. Results: During this period, the firing threshold of the TMJ units was significantly lower and the maximum instantaneous frequency of the TMJ units was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: Reduced masseter activity during the growth period alters the response properties of TMJ mechanoreceptors.

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Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Improves Balance and Knee Extensors Strength of Older Fallers

ISRN Rehabilitation ◽

10.5402/2012/402612 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcelo Pinto Pereira ◽

Mauro Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Exercise Program ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Training Group ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Control Group ◽

Extension Rate ◽

Neuromuscular Activation ◽

Activation Level ◽

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Falls are one of the major problems for elderly people and proprioceptive exercises have been suggested as an alternative in rehabilitation and preventive programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise program on balance, knee extension and flexion isometric torque, and knee extension rate of force development (RFD). Fourteen older faller subjects (>60 years) were equally assigned into two groups: a control group (CG: n=7) and a training group (TG: n=7). The PNF training program was performed for 10 weeks on TG, with a frequency of three times per week. Patients were assessed before and after the PNF program, with respect to balance (Berg Balance Scale score—BBS), knee maximal isometric extension and flexion torque, knee extensor RFD, and knee extensors and flexors neuromuscular activation level and coactivation level around the knee. After 10 weeks, balance (P<0.001) and knee extension torque (P=0.05) were improved in TG while no differences were found for CG. These improvements were mainly attributed to central nervous system adaptations, since no differences were found for neuromuscular activation level and coactivation.

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Learning Transfer from Flexion to Extension Movements: Importance of the Final Position

Motor Control ◽

10.1123/mcj.2.3.221 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 221-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dusko B. Ilic ◽

Dragan M. Mirkov ◽

Slobodan Jaric

Keyword(s):

Elbow Flexion ◽

Control Group ◽

Final Position ◽

Variable Error ◽

Before And After ◽

Movement Distance ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Flexion And Extension

Nine subjects (experimental group) were tested on rapid elbow flexion and extension movements performed in the same final position, before and after extensive practice of the movements. Nine additional subjects (control group) were also tested, but without any practice between the tests. Comparison of the pretest and posttest results suggested that the experimental group decreased their variable error (i.e., standard deviation of the final movement position) in both practiced (elbow flexion) and nonpracticed (elbow extension) movements. The control group, however, did not improve in either of tested movements. The experimental group demonstrated lower variable error in the nonpracticed elbow extensions than the control group, while the same difference for practiced elbow flexion movements was slightly below the level of significance. The results support the importance of the final position in programming of rapid, self-terminated movements; however, they do not rule out the role of other kinetic and kinematic variables (such as movement distance).

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SEATING ARRANGEMENT IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL AT IQRA BURU UNIVERSITY

Al-Lisan ◽

10.30603/al.v3i1.375 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Riki Bugis

Keyword(s):

Classroom Management ◽

Control Group ◽

Seating Arrangement ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Speaking Skill ◽

English Speaking ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Control Group ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Program Version

Speaking is one of the problems which is faced by anyone who learn English. In this research, the implementation of classroom management in this case seating arrangement aimed to find out to what extent seating arrangement improve students’ speaking skills at the second semester students of English Department of Letters Faculty at Iqra Buru University. The participants of this research were the English speaking lecturer and 30 students of Iqra Buru University. This research employed quasi experimental design, which consist of two groups namely control group and experimental group. Control group were treated by implementing orderly rows seating arrangement while for experimental were treated by implementing circle seating arrangement. The data were collected by using two kinds of research instruments namely test and recorder. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis SPSS program, version 20.0.The result shows that the implementation of seating arrangement can improve students’ speaking skill in term of accuracy, fluency and comprehensibility. It is supported by the mean score of the students’ posttests (74.48) was higher than pretests (56.07). on the other hand, there is also significant correlation among accuracy, fluency and comprehensibility.

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