Potassium Hydroxide Activated Hydrogen Generation Using Aluminum in Water Splitting Reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam P. Tekade ◽  
Diwakar Z. Shende ◽  
Kailas L. Wasewar
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
Aluminum Particles ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Shrinking Core ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Experimental Runs

Abstract The water splitting reaction using aluminum represents one of the best methods for on-demand hydrogen requirements. The present paper describes the hydrogen generation in water splitting reaction using aluminum in presence of potassium hydroxide as an alkaline activator. The effect of concentration of KOH, temperature, and shape of aluminum particles on the hydrogen generation in water splitting reaction was experimentally studied using various concentrations of aqueous KOH viz. 0.25 N, 0.50 N, 0.75 N and 1.0 N, at different temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C for Al powder (diameter: 200 mesh) and Al foil (thickness: 11 microns). The complete conversion of Al was recorded for all the experimental runs. The average hydrogen generation rate was found to vary between 3.40 ml/min to 21 ml/min per 0.1 g aluminum under considered concentrations and temperatures. The shrinking core model was applied to the experimental data for predicting the rate controlling mechanism.

Hydrogen Generation in an Annular Micro-Reactor: an Experimental Investigation of Water Splitting Reaction Using Aluminum in Presence of Potassium Hydroxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam P. Tekade ◽  
Diwakar Z. Shende ◽  
Kailas L. Wasewar
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Metal Aluminum ◽  
Micro Reactor

Abstract Hydrogen is one of the important non-conventional energy sources because of its high energy content and non-polluting nature of combustions. The water splitting reaction is one of the significant methods for hydrogen generation from non-fossil feeds. In the present paper, the hydrogen generation has been experimentally investigated with water splitting reaction using metal aluminum in presence of potassium hydroxide as an activator under flow conditions. The rate of hydrogen generation was reported in the annular micro- reactor of 1 mm annulus using various flow rates of aqueous 0.5 N KOH ranging from 1 ml/min to 10 ml/min. The complete conversion of aluminum was observed at all the flow rates of aqueous KOH. The hydrogen generation rate was observed to depend on the flow rate of liquid reactant flowing through the reactor. At 1 ml/min of 0.5 N KOH, hydrogen generates at an average rate of 3.36 ml/min which increases to 10.70 ml/min at 10 ml/min of aqueous KOH. The Shrinking Core Model was modified for predicting the controlling mechanism. The rate of hydrogen generation was observed to follow different controlling mechanisms on various time intervals at low flow rates of aqueous KOH. It was observed that chemical reaction controls the overall rate of hydrogen generation at higher flow rates of aqueous KOH.

Hydrogen Generation in an Annular Micro-Reactor: An Experimental Investigation and Reaction Modelling by Shrinking Core Model (SCM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam P. Tekade ◽  
Diwakar Z. Shende ◽  
Kailas L. Wasewar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Core Model ◽  
Shrinking Core Model ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Metal Aluminum ◽  
Shrinking Core

Abstract Hydrogen can be one of the key elements as source of future energy requirement. Water splitting reaction is an important route for generation of hydrogen as maximum fraction of hydrogen constitute in water. The present work describes the experimental investigation for generation of hydrogen through water splitting reaction in flow conditions with the aid of metal aluminum and sodium hydroxide as an activator. The hydrogen generation through water splitting reaction at various concentrations of NaOH, viz. 0.5 N and 1 N and the flow rates ranging from 0.2 to 10 ml/min was studied. The yield of hydrogen generated is reported for each NaOH concentration and flow rate. The yield of hydrogen generated at all the considered concentrations and flow rates was found to be greater than 98 %. The shrinking core model has been modified and developed for predicting the conversion of aluminum in the reaction system as per the prevailing conditions and rate controlling mechanism. The RMSE value of predicted conversion of Al was found to be 0.0351 which signify that the model agrees well with the experimental data.

Hydrogen Generation in Water Splitting Reaction Using Aluminum: Effect of NaOH Concentration and Reaction Modelling Using SCM

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam P. Tekade ◽  
Diwakar Z. Shende ◽  
Kailas L. Wasewar
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Average Value ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Metal Aluminum ◽  
Shrinking Core ◽  
Aluminum Effect ◽  
Average Size

Abstract The kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction of metal aluminum with water was studied in presence of NaOH as an activator for generating the hydrogen. Aluminum (Al) powder of average size of 100 µm and foil of thickness of 11 µm were utilized to study the effect of the shape of particles of aluminum on hydrogen generation. The hydrogen generation was reported at various concentrations of NaOH, ranging from 0.12 N to 0.67 N. The fractional conversion of Al was found to be 0.66 at 0.12 N and 1.0 at 0.185 N, 0.37 N, 0.54 N, 0.65 N NaOH concentration. The activation energy of the reaction has been determined at the stoichiometric concentration of 0.185 N NaOH at the temperature ranging from 298 to 323 K. An attempt was made to model the reaction using Shrinking Core Model (SCM) for determining the rate controlling mechanism for the heterogeneous reaction. The reaction was observed to follow the first order kinetics and the average value of reaction rate constant using Al power and foil was found to be 27.322 x 10-4 cm/min and 2.125 x 10-4 cm/min respectively.

scholarly journals Cobalt Sulfide as Photoelectrode of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation from Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 3063-3069
Author(s):  
Mustafid Amna Rambey ◽  
Khuzaimah Arifin ◽  
Lorna Jeffery Minggu ◽  
Mohammad B. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Cobalt Sulfide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tauc Plot ◽  
Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize cobalt sulfide deposited on FTO by hydrothermal method and investigate its photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. Cobalt sulfide thin films were produced by annealing at two different temperatures, namely, 400 and 500 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the phase structure. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry analyses were used to determine the thin-film band gap and evaluate the PEC water splitting performance, respectively. From the XRD and Raman analyses, all the samples produced consisted of mixed phases of Co3S4 and Co9S8. However, each sample contained different percentage phases. The sample annealed at 400 °C contained more Co9S8, whereas that annealed at 500 °C contained comparable amounts of Co3S4 and Co9S8. The morphologies of pre-annealed samples showed vertical flakes with diameters around 200-250 nm and flake thickness around 25-50 nm. When the temperature was increased from pre-annealing temperature to 400 and 500 °C, several flakes were destructed and formed spherical-like clusters. The Tauc plot from absorption analysis showed that the samples annealed at 400 and 500 °C produced similar band gaps at ~2.0 eV. The PEC performance analysis results show that annealing at 400 °C produced the highest photocurrent density of 10 µA/cm2 at a potential of -0.7 V.

scholarly journals Solar Hydrogen Generation from Water Splitting Using ZnO/CuO Hetero Nanostructures

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaobao Zhang ◽  
Daguo Xu ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Kaili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Solar Hydrogen

Increased crystallinity of RuSe2/Carbon Nanotubes for enhanced electrochemical hydrogen generation performance

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongze Li ◽  
Meng Zha ◽  
Ligang Feng ◽  
Guangzhi Hu ◽  
Chaoquan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Electrochemical Water Splitting

Ru-based catalyst is significant in the green hydrogen generation via electrochemical water-splitting reaction. Herein, it is found that the increased crystallinity of cubic RuSe2 nanoparticles anchored over carbon nanotubes (RuSe2/CNTs)...

Assembling γ-graphyne surrounding TiO2 nanotube arrays: An efficient p-n heterojunction for boosting photoelectrochemical water splitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Qiu ◽  
Chengli He ◽  
Yuxuan Lu ◽  
Qiaodan Li ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Electron Injection ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Injection Efficiency ◽  
Electron Injection Efficiency

Photoelectrochemical water splitting is an excellent strategy for hydrogen generation, and it is pivotal to develop photoanodes with proficient sunlight harvesting, rapid charge separation, and enhanced electron injection efficiency. In...

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