Hydraulic characteristics of integrated settler based biofilm reactor as onsite sanitation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Pratap Singh ◽  
Meena Kumari Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Chandra Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Shock Loading ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic Shock ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Rtd Analysis

Abstract The present study identifies the hydraulic efficiency of a novel onsite sanitation system at variable hydraulic shock loading conditions. The system consisted of three chambers, each working as an up-flow anaerobic bioreactor, accommodated within a single unit. The hydraulic characteristics were identified with the help of residence time distribution (RTD) analysis by step feeding of lithium chloride (LiCl) solution into the system. The experiments were run at variable hydraulic loading conditions at different peak flow factors (PFF) of 1, 2, 4 and 6 while maintaining 24-h hydraulic retention time. As revealed in the RTD analysis, the biofilm reactor achieved a very good hydraulic efficiency that varied from 0.76 to 0.81 at PFF 1, 2 and 4. Although in the case of PFF6, it was comparatively low. It was noted that the dispersion number was always below 0.2 at variable hydraulic shock loading conditions under different PFFs, which indicated that the reactor behaved perfectly between mixed-flow and plug-flow reactor. The system was also able to achieve good pollutant removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) under all PFFs, which was more than 68 and 75%, respectively.

A stochastic model for two-station hydraulics exhibiting transient impact

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobsen ◽  
H. Madsen ◽  
P. Harremoès
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Water Level Variation ◽  
Deterministic Description ◽  
Linear Reservoir

The objective of the paper is to interpret data on water level variation in a river affected by overflow from a sewer system during rain. The simplest possible, hydraulic description is combined with stochastic methods for data analysis and model parameter estimation. This combination of deterministic and stochastic interpretation is called grey box modelling. As a deterministic description the linear reservoir approximation is used. A series of linear reservoirs in sufficient number will approximate a plug flow reactor. The choice of number is an empirical expression of the longitudinal dispersion in the river. This approximation is expected to be a sufficiently good approximation as a tool for the ultimate aim: the description of pollutant transport in the river. The grey box modelling involves a statistical tool for estimation of the parameters in the deterministic model. The advantage is that the parameters have physical meaning, as opposed to many other statistically estimated, empirical parameters. The identifiability of each parameter, the uncertainty of the parameter estimation and the overall uncertainty of the simulation are determined.

Efficient Production of Light Olefin Based on Methanol Dehydration: Simulation and Design Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Majid Abdoli ◽  
Mahsa Kianinia
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Light Olefin ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Improved Design

Background: Ethylene, propylene, and butylene as light olefins are the most important intermediates in the petrochemical industry worldwide. Methanol to olefins (MTO) process is a new technology based on catalytic cracking to produce ethylene and propylene from methanol. Aims and Objective: This study aims to simulate the process of producing ethylene from methanol by using Aspen HYSYS software from the initial design to the improved design. Methods: Ethylene is produced in a two-step reaction. In an equilibrium reactor, the methanol is converted to dimethyl ether by an equilibrium reaction. The conversion of the produced dimethyl ether to ethylene is done in a conversion reactor. Changes have been made to improve the conditions and get closer to the actual process design done in the industry. The plug flow reactor has been replaced by the equilibrium reactor, and the distillation column was employed to separate the dimethyl ether produced from the reactor. Result and Conclusion: The effect of the various parameters on the ethylene production was investigated. Eventually, ethylene is

Enhancing Fenton-like oxidation of crystal violet over Fe/ZSM-5 in a plug flow reactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Modarresi-Motlagh ◽  
Fatemeh Bahadori ◽  
Mohammad Ghadiri ◽  
Arash Afghan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor

scholarly journals The Effect of Mg and Zn Dopants on Pt/Al2O3 for the Dehydrogenation of Perhydrodibenzyltoluene

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Rudaviro Garidzirai ◽  
Phillimon Modisha ◽  
Innocent Shuro ◽  
Jacobus Visagie ◽  
Pieter van Helden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The effects of Mg and Zn dopants on the catalytic performance of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated for dehydrogenation of perhydrodibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT) as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier. Al2O3 supports were modified with Mg and Zn to produce Mg-Al2O3 and Zn-Al2O3 with a target loading of 3.8 wt.% for dopants. The modified supports were impregnated with chloroplatinic acid solution to produce the catalysts Pt/Al2O3, Pt/Mg-Al2O3 and Pt/Zn-Al2O3 of 0.5 wt.% Pt loading. Thereafter, the catalysts were characterised using inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, carbon-monoxide pulse chemisorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The dehydrogenation experiments were performed using a horizontal plug flow reactor system and the catalyst time-on-stream was 22 h. Pt/Mg-Al2O3 showed the highest average hydrogen flowrate of 29 nL/h, while an average of 27 nL/h was obtained for both Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/Zn-Al2O3. This has resulted in a hydrogen yield of 80% for Pt/Mg-Al2O3, 71% for Pt/Zn-Al2O3 and 73% for Pt/Al2O3. In addition, the conversion of H18-DBT ranges from 99% to 92%, Pt 97–90% and 96–90% for Pt/Mg-Al2O3, Pt/Zn-Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3, respectively. Following the latter catalyst order, the selectivity to dibenzyltoluene (H0-DBT) ranges from 78% to 57%, 75–51% and 71–45%. Therefore, Pt/Mg-Al2O3 showed improved catalytic performance towards dehydrogenation of H18-DBT.

Anaerobic digestion of pineapple pulp and peel in a plug-flow reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimjai Namsree ◽  
Worakrit Suvajittanont ◽  
Chureerat Puttanlek ◽  
Dudsadee Uttapap ◽  
Vilai Rungsardthong
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Pineapple Pulp

scholarly journals Biofilm carrier migration model describes reactor performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2818-2828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Boltz ◽  
Bruce R. Johnson ◽  
Imre Takács ◽  
Glen T. Daigger ◽  
Eberhard Morgenroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plug Flow ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Limit Model ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Reactor Models ◽  
The Impact

The accuracy of a biofilm reactor model depends on the extent to which physical system conditions (particularly bulk-liquid hydrodynamics and their influence on biofilm dynamics) deviate from the ideal conditions upon which the model is based. It follows that an improved capacity to model a biofilm reactor does not necessarily rely on an improved biofilm model, but does rely on an improved mathematical description of the biofilm reactor and its components. Existing biofilm reactor models typically include a one-dimensional biofilm model, a process (biokinetic and stoichiometric) model, and a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) mass balance that [when organizing CFSTRs in series] creates a pseudo two-dimensional (2-D) model of bulk-liquid hydrodynamics approaching plug flow. In such a biofilm reactor model, the user-defined biofilm area is specified for each CFSTR; thereby, Xcarrier does not exit the boundaries of the CFSTR to which they are assigned or exchange boundaries with other CFSTRs in the series. The error introduced by this pseudo 2-D biofilm reactor modeling approach may adversely affect model results and limit model-user capacity to accurately calibrate a model. This paper presents a new sub-model that describes the migration of Xcarrier and associated biofilms, and evaluates the impact that Xcarrier migration and axial dispersion has on simulated system performance. Relevance of the new biofilm reactor model to engineering situations is discussed by applying it to known biofilm reactor types and operational conditions.

Optimization of esterification of fatty acid rubber seed oil for methyl ester synthesis in a plug flow reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tho Dinh Son Van ◽  
Nghia Phan Trung ◽  
Vu Nguyen Anh ◽  
Huong Nguyen Lan ◽  
Anh To Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Ester Synthesis ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed
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