Severity of symptomatology and subtypes in ADHD children with comorbid oppositional defiant and conduct disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Di Trani ◽  
Francesca Di Roma ◽  
Maria Cristina Scatena ◽  
Renato Donfrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Comorbid Diagnosis ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Version

AbstractThe relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant and conduct disorders (ODD/CD) requires further studies.The aim was to examine the relationship among ADHD severity [assessed by ADHD Rating Scale-Parent Version (PV)], ADHD subtypes, and the comorbidity with ODD/CD in 217 Italian ADHD children.A total of 35.02% of the participants displayed ADHD with ODD, 14.29% ADHD with CD, and 50.69% no ODD/CD comorbid diagnosis. The Hyperactivity Score of the ADHD Rating Scale-PV was a significant predictor of ODD; age and the Hyperactivity Score were significant predictors of CD. The combined subtype was significantly higher in CD children.Data, which confirm the only recent article on the topic, help to clarify the relationship between ADHD and externalizing disorders.

Emotion Dysregulation and Externalizing Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Shader ◽  
Theodore P. Beauchaine
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
And Function

As described in the literature for many years, a sizable number of children with hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes/presentations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—especially males—progress to more serious externalizing syndromes across development. Such outcomes include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct problems, delinquency, substance use disorders, and in some cases antisocial personality disorder, incarceration, and recidivism. This chapter summarizes a developmental model that emphasizes different contributions of trait impulsivity, a highly heritable, subcortically mediated vulnerability, versus emotion dysregulation, a highly socialized, cortically mediated vulnerability, to externalizing progression. According to this perspective, trait impulsivity confers vulnerability to all externalizing disorders, but this vulnerability is unlikely to progress beyond ADHD in protective environments. In contrast, for children who are reared under conditions of adversity—including poverty, family violence, deviant peer influences, and neighborhood violence/criminality—neurodevelopment of prefrontal cortex structure and function is compromised, resulting in failures to achieve age-expected gains in emotion regulation and other forms of executive control. For these children, subcortical vulnerabilities to trait impulsivity are amplified by deficient cortical modulation, which facilitates progression along the externalizing spectrum.

scholarly journals Diagnosis Based on Parent and Teacher Rating for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Abdul Rouf ◽  
Shabnum Rivees ◽  
A Wahid Khan ◽  
A G Madhosh ◽  
Zeba Zeba
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Icd 10

Parents and teachers play a significant role in the diagnosis of ADHD in children in the clinical setting. With the same in consideration a study was conducted to compare the perception between parents and teachers on the rating scales for ADHD children. The study was conducted on a sample of parents and teachers of 100 children diagnosed as having ADHD as per ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. A newly constructed and standardized parent rating scale for parents of ADHD children and attention deficit comprehensive teacher rating scale for teachers was administered on the target sample. Results indicate that there was statistically no significant difference in the rating of perception between parents and teachers on four dimensions, viz (i) attention (ii) hyperactivity (iii) social skills (iv) oppositional behaviour of ADHD children. To verify these findings, positive correlation was found between parents and teachers perception on all the four dimensions.J Med Sci.2010;13(1);11-14

Disorders of Development

2014 ◽  
pp. 557-581
Author(s):  
V. Mark Durand
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Specific Learning Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Clinically Significant

Disorders of development include a range of disorders first evidenced in childhood. Although most disorders have their origins in childhood, a few fully express themselves before early adulthood. This chapter describes the nature, assessment, and treatment of the more common disorders that are revealed in a clinically significant way during a child’s developing years. The disorders of development affect a range of functioning from single skills deficits to more pervasive problems that negatively impact a child’s ability to function. Included is coverage of several disorders usually diagnosed first in infancy, childhood, or adolescence, including the neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, communication disorders, intellectual disability, and specific learning disorder) and the disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders (e.g., oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder). Recommendations for future research on the potential for advancing knowledge regarding spectrums within some of these disorders as well as recommendations for treatment are outlined.

Prevalence of ADHD in chronic fatigue syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1574-1574
Author(s):  
N. Sáez Francàs ◽  
J. Alegre ◽  
N. Calvo Piñero ◽  
J.A. Ramos Quiroga ◽  
E. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Severe Fatigue ◽  
Severe Psychopathology ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionChronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is characterized by severe fatigue associated with pain, sleep disturbance, attentional impairment and headaches. Evidence points towards a prominent role for Central Nervous System in its pathogenesis, and alterations in serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission have been described.Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) courses with inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. It affects children and persists into adulthood in 50% of patients. Dopamine transporter abnormalities lead to impaired neurotransmission of catecholaminergic frontal-subcortical-cerebellar circuits.ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of ADHD in a sample of CFS patients, and the clinical implications of the association.AimsTo study the relationship between CFS and ADHD.MethodsThe initial sample consisted of 142 patients, of whom 9 were excluded because of severe psychopathology or incomplete evaluation. All the patients (age 49 ± 87; 94,7 women) received CFS diagnoses according to Fukuda criteria. ADHD was assessed with a diagnostic interview (CAADID), ADHD Rating Scale and the scale WURS, for childhood diagnose. The scales FIS-40, HAD, STAI and Pluthik Risk of Suicide (RS) were administrated.Results38 patients (28,8%) were diagnosed of childhood ADHD (4 combined, 22 hyperactive-impulsive, 12 inattentive) and persisted into adulthood in 28 (21,1%; 5 combined, 4 hyperactive-impulsive, 19 inattentive). There were no differences in Fukuda criteria profile and FIS-40 between groups. ADHD patients scored higher in HAD-Anxiety (9,88 ± 4,82 vs. 12,57 ± 3,49; p = 0,007), HAD-Depression (9,69 ± 4,84 vs. 12,04 ± 4,53; p = 0,023), STAI-E (30,55 ± 14,53 vs. 38,41 ± 11,35; p = 0,012), and RS (6,13 ± 3,48 vs. 8,49 ± 3,07; p = 0,002).ConclusionsADHD is frequent in CFS patients and it is associated with more severe clinical profile.

scholarly journals ADHD, ODD, and CD: Do They Belong to a Common Psychopathological Spectrum? A Case Series

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayanti Ghosh ◽  
Mausumi Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Past History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shared Risk

Purpose of Research. Numerous studies have reported comorbidities, overlapping symptoms, and shared risk factors among cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). We present three adolescent males aged 13–16 years with conduct disorder having past history of ADHD and ODD.Principal Result. The symptom profile especially in domains of aggression, hostility, and emotionality as well as the manner of progression from ADHD to ODD and CD in the above cases shows a similar pattern.Conclusion. These common developmental pathways and overlapping symptoms suggest the possibility of a common psychopathological spectrum encompassing the three externalizing disorders.

scholarly journals Sensory Behaviours and Resting Parasympathetic Functions among Children with and without ADHD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ivan Neil Gomez ◽  
Lissa Martha Domondon ◽  
Hector WH Tsang ◽  
Chetwyn CH Chan ◽  
Cynthia YY Lai
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

Previous studies suggest that parasympathetic functions support sensory behaviours. However, the relationship between sensory behaviours and parasympathetic functions remain inconclusive and inconsistent among children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research aims to examine the sensory behaviours and resting parasympathetic functions among children with and without ADHD. We compared sensory behaviours and baseline parasympathetic functions of 64 participants, with 42 typically developing and 24 ADHD male children aged 7–12 years. Sensory behaviours were evaluated using the sensory profile. Baseline parasympathetic functions were indexed using the normalized unit of heart rate variability high-frequency bands (HF n.u.). Children underwent an experimental protocol consisting of watching a silent cartoon movie while HF n.u. is continuously monitored, within a controlled environment. The results of this research showed significantly lower HF n.u. (t(64) = 7.84, p < 0.01 ) and sensory processing total score (t(64) = 14.13 =  p < 0.01 ) among children with ADHD compared to their typically developing peers. Likewise, a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.36, p < 0.05 ) was found between the HF n.u. and sensory profile total scores among children with ADHD. Children with ADHD have significantly lower resting state parasympathetic functions compared to their typically developing peers.

Theory and Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Brian A. Zaboski ◽  
Emma Romaker ◽  
Diana Joyce-Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Albert Ellis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was created by two central figures, Albert Ellis and Aaron T. Beck, both of whom contributed uniquely to its contemporary formulation. Since its inception, CBT’s research and clinical applications have spanned thousands of scientific papers and assisted many more children, adolescents, and families. This chapter discusses CBT’s theoretical development and the differing and converging views of its central theorists and describes three major theoretical conceptualizations: rational-emotive behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and a general model. This chapter then reviews CBT’s research effectiveness for a wide range of internalizing and externalizing disorders, including anxiety, depression, autism, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It concludes with a case study delineating the two major theoretical approaches.

The Relationship between Motor Self-Motivation and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity in Adhd Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1666-1668
Author(s):  
Amir Dana ◽  
Mir Hamid Salehian ◽  
Tayebeh Bani Asadi ◽  
Parinaz Ghanati
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The growth and development of the child are essential and inevitable, and the growth of every child requires motor development. Purpose: This study examines the relationship between motor self-motivation and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder's symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. 40 people were selected by the convenience sampling method from the psychology centers of the province. The research method was descriptive-correlational. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression. Results: The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between motor self-motivation and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The results of regression analysis also showed that motor self-motivation is able to predict the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Conclusion: In general, the more children's motor motivation, the more minor attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder's symptoms. Keywords: Hyperactivity, motor self-motivation, motor development, preschool

Driving-Related Risks and Outcomes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults: A 3- to 5-Year Follow-up Survey

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Russell A. Barkley ◽  
David C. Guevremont ◽  
Arthur D. Anastopoulos ◽  
George J. DuPaul ◽  
Tern L. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults

Objective. To determine whether teenagers and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have more motor vehicle citations and crashes and are more careless drivers than their normal peers. Design. A comparison of two groups of teenagers and young adults (ADHD and normal) followed up 3 to 5 years after original diagnosis. Setting. A university medical center clinic for ADHD patients. Patients. Thirty-five subjects with ADHD and 36 control subjects between 16 and 22 years of age, all of whom were licensed drivers. Main outcome measures. Parent ratings of current symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder, a survey of various negative driving outcomes, and a rating scale of driving behavior. Results. Subjects with ADHD used less sound driving habits. This deficiency was associated with greater driving-related negative outcomes in all categories surveyed. Subjects with ADHD were more likely than control subjects to have had auto crashes, to have had more such crashes, to have more bodily injuries associated with such crashes, and to be at fault for more crashes than control subjects. They were also more likely to have received traffic citations and received more such citations than control subjects, particularly for speeding. The subgroup of teenagers with ADHD having greater comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder symptoms were at highest risk for such deficient driving skills/habits and negative driving-related outcomes. Conclusions. ADHD, and especially its association with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, is associated with substantially increased risks for driving among teenagers and young adults and worthy of attention when clinicians counsel such patients and their parents.

Implications of Genetic Research for Child Psychiatry

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Genetic Counselling ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Objective: To review implications of genetic research in child psychiatry. Method: Key advances in quantitative and molecular genetics are noted and findings are summarized with respect to autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and Tourette's syndrome. Conclusions: Genetic findings will be helpful clinically in the elucidation of disordered brain processes, the understanding of nature–nurture interplay, diagnosis, genetic counselling, and pharmacotherapy.

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