4.8 Electrode Coverage Density, Γ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Pingarrón ◽  
Ján Labuda ◽  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Christopher M. A. Brett ◽  
Maria Filomena Camões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coverage Density ◽  
Electrode Coverage

scholarly journals Describing chain-like assembly of ethoxygroup-functionalized organic molecules on Au(111) using high-throughput simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokamani ◽  
Jeffrey Kelling ◽  
Robin Ohmann ◽  
Jörg Meyer ◽  
Tim Kühne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Energy Function ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Molecular Wires ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Intermolecular Interaction Energy ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Coverage Density ◽  
Clustering Approach

AbstractDue to the low corrugation of the Au(111) surface, 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)-2,5-bis(ethoxy)benzene (PEEB) molecules can form quasi interlocked lateral patterns, which are observed in scanning tunneling microscopy experiments at low temperatures. We demonstrate a multi-dimensional clustering approach to quantify the anisotropic pair-wise interaction of molecules and explain these patterns. We perform high-throughput calculations to evaluate an energy function, which incorporates the adsorption energy of single PEEB molecules on the metal surface and the intermolecular interaction energy of a pair of PEEB molecules. The analysis of the energy function reveals, that, depending on coverage density, specific types of pattern are preferred which can potentially be exploited to form one-dimensional molecular wires on Au(111).

scholarly journals Competition of PEG coverage density and con-A recognition in mannose/PEG bearing nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiki Fukuda ◽  
Shinichi Mochizuki ◽  
Kazuo Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Con A ◽  
Coverage Density

scholarly journals Invasión de un poliqueto nativo en una isla del Pacífico Oriental Tropical

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ramírez-Calero ◽  
Wilmar A. Torres-López ◽  
Lizeth López-Molina ◽  
Andrés J. López-Dávila ◽  
Edgardo Londoño-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Coverage Density ◽  
Intertidal Level

Fluctuations in population dynamics, like demographic expansions and invasions, are relatively common in ecosystems, and in certain cases may affect biodiversity and a suite of other ecological attributes. In this paper, we report the appearance and population explosion of the reef-building polychaete (Sabellariidae) Idanthyrsus cf. cretus in Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific), describing some ecological characteristics (abundance and coverage). The survey was carried out in three study areas of Gorgona Island, located in the Colombian Pacific. Sampling was performed randomly at low, mid and high intertidal levels, in order to measure density and coverage. Density was measured randomly in three study areas at low, mid and high intertidal levels collecting samples (N=37) of 100 cm2 from the colony. Coverage was measured using random transects (N=21) per locality and intertidal levels (20 m length × 1 m width). A total of 1,904 I. cf. cretus were collected with a mean density of 73 ind./100 cm2. Coverage was statistically different between intertidal zones, with the highest values in the mid-intertidal level (11%). Differences in coverage of I. cf. cretus colonies among study areas are probably due to differing intertidal physical characteristics: the availability of adequate substrate and building materials in the study areas sediments, which in turn might affect abundance and colony size. Suitable substrate and construction material might have favored the rapid spreading and local invasion of this species.

Fabrication Methods for Improved Electromechanical Behavior in Piezoelectric Membranes

2005 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Robinson ◽  
P.D. Hayenga ◽  
J.H. Cho ◽  
C.D. Richards ◽  
R.F. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Fabrication Technique ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Electromechanical Behavior ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
Electrode Coverage

AbstractPiezoelectric materials convert mechanical to electrical energy under stretching and bending conditions. Optimizing the coupling conversion is imperative to the electromechanical behavior of a micromachined membrane's performance. This paper discusses analytical calculations that were devised to determine the microscale structure that minimizes residual stress and outlines the implementation of fabrication technique variations including three different electrode configurations, trenching around the membrane, and reducing the total composite residual stress of the support structure using compressive silicon oxide. Lead zirconacte titanate (PZT) films between 1 and 3 μm thick with a ratio of Zr to Ti of 40:60 were deposited onto 3 mm square silicon membranes. The total tensile stress in the composite structure reaches 100 MPa during standard fabrication processing. Utilizing analytical calculations, a structure was determined that lowered the residual stress of the composite to 11 MPa and increased the electromechanical coupling 35 times. Changing the geometry of the electrode coverage decreased the residual stress of the composite by 40%. Trenching around the membrane provided a membrane with boundary conditions that approached simply supported and decreased the composite residual stress by another 16%. A comparison of the electromechanical behavior for these structures will be discussed, showing a route towards increasing electromechanical coupling in PZT MEMS.

scholarly journals An Intelligent Vision Based Sensing Approach for Spraying Droplets Deposition Detection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhui Wang ◽  
Xuejun Yue ◽  
Yongxin Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Huihui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Watershed Segmentation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Intelligent Node ◽  
Coverage Density ◽  
Good Consistency

The rapid development of vision sensor based on artificial intelligence (AI) is reforming industries and making our world smarter. Among these trends, it is of great significance to adapt AI technologies into the intelligent agricultural management. In smart agricultural aviation spraying, the droplets’ distribution and deposition are important indexes for estimating effectiveness in plant protection process. However, conventional approaches are problematic, they lack adaptivity to environmental changes, and consumes non-reusable test materials. One example is that the machine vision algorithms they employ can’t guarantee that the division of adhesive droplets thereby disabling the accurate measurement of critical parameters. To alleviate these problems, we put forward an intelligent visual droplet detection node which can adapt to the environment illumination change. Then, we propose a modified marker controllable watershed segmentation algorithm to segment those adhesive droplets, and calculate their characteristic parameters on the basis of the segmentation results, including number, coverage, coverage density, etc. Finally, we use the intelligent node to detect droplets, and then expound the situation that the droplet region is effectively segmented and marked. The intelligent node has better adaptability and robustness even under the condition of illumination changing. The large-scale distributed detection result indicates that our approach has good consistency with the non-recyclable water-sensitive paper approach. Our approach provides an intelligent and environmental friendly way of tests for spraying techniques, especially for plant protection with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

scholarly journals Night Spraying Peanut Fungicides II. Application Timings and Spray Deposition in the Lower Canopy

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Augusto ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
P. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Spray Penetration ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Coverage Density

Chemical control of soilborne peanut (Arachis hypogaea) diseases requires deposition of fungicide on plant tissues near the soil. Four applications of a protectant fungicide, chlorothalonil (1.26 kg a.i./ha), or a systemic, azoxystrobin (0.21 kg a.i./ha), pyraclostrobin (0.21 kg a.i./ha), or prothioconazole (0.08 kg a.i./ha) plus tebuconazole (0.15 kg a.i./ha), were sprayed either (i) early in the morning (3:00 to 5:00 A.M., with folded and wet leaves), (ii) during daylight (10:00 A.M. to 12:00 P.M., with unfolded and dry leaves), or (iii) in the evening (9:00 to 10:00 P.M., with folded and dry leaves). All timings of systemic fungicides provided similar control of foliar diseases. Early-morning applications of pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole plus tebuconazole decreased stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) at digging compared with day and evening applications. All systemic fungicides increased yield when applied at early-morning compared with day applications. Spray coverage, density, and droplet size were higher with night than day applications, and differences were more evident in the lower canopy layers. These results suggest that applications made early in the morning to folded, wet leaves can improve spray penetration of peanut canopies, thus improving stem rot control and increasing yield.

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