scholarly journals Family Background and Educational Attainment – Are there Birth Order Effects in Germany?

2015 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Martina Eschelbach
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life History ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Higher Secondary Education ◽  
Life History Study

Summary This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of children’s human capital by analyzing the effects of birth order in Germany. These effects are typically attributed to sibling rivalry for parental resources. For our analysis we use data collected as part of the German Life History Study on birth cohorts 1946-1977. We find a substantial positive impact of being first born on the probability of completing higher secondary education. Analyzing gender differences, we find stronger effects for boys. Furthermore, birth order effects are more prevailing in small families. The results are discussed against the background of equal opportunities in the German educational system.

A Life History Study on Middle-aged Women Experiencing Insomnia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghee Kwak ◽  
◽  
Moungil Jin ◽  
Seokbong Woo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Life History Study

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf Therapy Sessions among U.S. Service Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Lisa H. Glassman ◽  
Nicholas P. Otis ◽  
Betty Michalewicz-Kragh ◽  
Kristen H. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Surf therapy is increasingly being used as an intervention to address various health problems, including psychological symptoms. Although recent research supports the positive impact of surf therapy on psychological outcomes, it is unclear whether these outcomes differ between men and women. This study compared changes in depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) between U.S. service men and women (N = 74) during six weekly surf therapy sessions. Overall, participants reported decreased depression/anxiety (p < 0.001) and increased positive affect (p < 0.001), but no change in pain rating following each session (p = 0.141). Significant gender differences were found in the magnitude of changes in depression/anxiety (B = −1.01, p = 0.008) and positive affect (B = 4.53, p < 0.001) during surf sessions, despite no differences in pre-session scores on either outcome. Women showed greater improvements in depression/anxiety and positive affect compared with men—an important finding, given that surfing and military environments are often socially dominated by men. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in other samples, extend this research to other underrepresented populations, and identify barriers and facilitators of the sustainable implementation of surf therapy across populations.

Birth order effects on autism symptom domains

2007 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Reichenberg ◽  
Christopher Smith ◽  
James Schmeidler ◽  
Jeremy M. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Symptom Domains
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document