scholarly journals Growth failure associated with early neglect: pilot comparison of neglected US children and international adoptees

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley S. Miller ◽  
Eve G. Spratt ◽  
John H. Himes ◽  
Doreen Condon ◽  
Andrea Summer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Hormone Action ◽  
International Adoptees ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Us Children ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe long-lasting impact of different neglectful environments on growth in children is not well studied. Three groups of children, 3–10 years old, were recruited (n=60): previously institutionalized international adoptees living in stable home environments for at least 2 years (IA; n=15), children with a history of neglect born in the USA (USN; n=17), and controls (n=28). Children underwent physical examination, anthropometry, and collection of serum for growth parameters. Mean height standard deviation scores (SDS) were different (p<0.05). Age-adjusted head circumference (HC) was significantly smaller (p<0.05) in IAs. Insulin growth factor (IGF-1), a marker of growth hormone action, was higher in US neglected children. IGF-1 adjusted for age and weight SDS were different (p<0.05) between control and US neglect groups. The degree of growth failure in height and HC in IAs was more severe than neglected US children. These findings may reflect differences between the impact of chronic and intermittent deprivation on the growth hormone system.

Socio-Technological Aspects of Automation in Public Works Activities

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 633-643
Author(s):  
William F. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Training Problem ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
The Impact

The history of human society is replete with examples of advances in technology overrunning the ability of societal organizations to efficiently handle the resulting massive societal dislocations. The social impacts of the “Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th Centuries” illustrate how profound such effects can be. The automation-computer-robotics revolution now underway also has the potential for serious societal changes. In this regard public works activities are subject to increasing amounts of automation with impacts upon current and net total employment and training needs. To evaluate the present status of automation in the USA, questionnaires were sent to public works authorities in 110 cities or agencies. The current degree of automation, the impact upon employment and the skills now needed by public works employers were queried. It was found that in most cases automation was just starting; but that as complete automation as was possible was inevitable given the increasing complexity of the tasks, the demands of the public and the long term prospects for public works funding. In many cases the candidates now in the work force were not properly trained for automation needs. Retraining and changes in the educational system appeared necessary if the employees now needed were to be continuously available. Public works management as well as several labor organizations appeared to be aware of this need and were organizing to handle the training problem and the changes in employment qualifications now necessary. It appeared to be a consensus that the larger societal effects of automation should be handled by society as a whole.

Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Michael W. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Culling

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent disease concern in dairy cattle and is most commonly diagnosed in young dairy heifers. The impact of BRD is highly variable, depending on the accuracy and completeness of detection, effectiveness of treatment, and on-farm culling practices. Consequences include decreased rate of weight gain, a higher culling risk either as heifers or as cows, delayed age at first service, delayed age at first calving, and in some cases, lower future milk production. In this data set of 104,100 dairy replacement heifers from across the USA, 36.6% had one or more cases diagnosed within the first 120 days of age with the highest risk of new cases occurring prior to weaning. Comparison of the raising cost for heifers with BRD and those without a recorded history of BRD resulted in an estimated cost per incident case occurring in the first 120 days of age of $252 or $282, depending upon whether anticipated future milk production differences were considered or not. Current market conditions contributed to a cost estimate that is significantly higher than previously published estimates, driven in part by the losses associated with selective culling of a subset of heifers that experienced BRD.

scholarly journals Social Frontiers: Estimating the Spatial Boundaries Between Residential Groups and Their Impacts on Crime

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-304
Author(s):  
Ivana Křížková ◽  
Meng Le Zhang ◽  
Dan Olner ◽  
Gwilym Pryce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Short Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInthischapter, we highlight the importance of social frontiers—sharp spatial divisions in the residential make-up of adjacent communities—as a potentially important form of segregation. The handful of studies estimating the impacts of social frontiers have been based in the USA and the UK, both of which are free-market democracies with a long history of immigration, ethnic mix and segregation. There are currently no studies of social frontiers in former socialist countries, for example, or in countries where immigration and ethnic mix are only a recent phenomenon or non-existent. This chapter aims to address this research gap by estimating the impacts of social frontiers on crime rates in a post-socialistcountry, Czechia. We demonstrate how a Bayesianspatial conditional autoregressive estimation can be used to detect social frontiers in this setting, and we use a fixed effect quasi-Poisson model to investigate the impact on crime. Our results suggest that in new immigration destinations, social frontiers may not be associated with higher rates of crime, at least in the short run. Moreover, our use of cultural distance measures helps to promote a more nuanced approach to studying the impact of segregation and highlights the role of cultural diversity in understanding the link between immigrant segregation and crime. We reflect on how this approach could contribute to the study of segregation and inequality in the Chinese context.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Faith-Based Organizing in the USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-397
Author(s):  
Katie Day
Keyword(s):  
Community Organizing ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community Organizer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article serves as an introduction to faith-based community organizing and to this special issue of IJPT. First, an overview of the history of community organizing in the US includes introductions to the key figures (Saul Alinsky and Ed Chambers), organizing networks and methods currently employed. Then current challenges to community organizing are explored, such as technology, gender and race. Further, the rigid distinction between broad-based and issue organizing is challenged. Finally, the article notes that the impact of Barack Obama’s background as a community organizer on political discourse has raised the profile of this form of social mobilization, and it is reframing the questions raised for public theologians as community organizing moves into the future.

scholarly journals Three years of growth hormone therapy in children born small for gestational age: results from the ANSWER Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1096-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rapaport ◽  
Peter A Lee ◽  
Judith L Ross ◽  
Paul Saenger ◽  
Vlady Ostrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Gh Therapy ◽  
The Impact

Growth hormone (GH) is used to treat short stature and growth failure associated with growth disorders. Birth size and GH status variably modulate response to GH therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of birth size on response to GH therapy, and to determine the impact of GH status in patients born small for gestational age (SGA) on response to GH therapy. Data from the prospective, non-interventional American Norditropin Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program was analyzed for several growth outcomes in response to GH therapy over 3 years. GH-naïve children from the ANSWER Program were included in this analysis: SGA with peak GH ≥10 ng/mL (20 mIU/L), SGA with peak GH <10 ng/mL (20 mIU/L), isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) born SGA, IGHD not born SGA and idiopathic short stature. For patients with IGHD, those who did not meet criteria for SGA at birth showed greater improvements in height SDS and BMI SDS than patients with IGHD who met criteria for SGA at birth. For patients born SGA, response to GH therapy varied with GH status. Therefore, unlike previous guidelines, we recommend that GH status be established in patients born SGA to optimize GH therapy.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Receptor (Ghr) 6ω Pseudoexon Activation: A Novel Cause Of Severe Growth Hormone Insensitivity (Ghi)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Cottrell ◽  
Avinaash Maharaj ◽  
Jack Williams ◽  
Sumana Chatterjee ◽  
Grazia Cirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Growth Hormone Insensitivity ◽  
In Vitro Splicing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Severe forms of Growth Hormone Insensitivity (GHI) are characterized by extreme short stature, dysmorphism and metabolic anomalies. Objective Identification of the genetic cause of growth failure in 3 ‘classical’ GHI subjects. Design A novel intronic GHR variant was identified, and in vitro splicing assays confirmed aberrant splicing. A 6Ω pseudoexon GHR vector and patient fibroblast analysis assessed the consequences of the novel pseudoexon inclusion and the impact on GHR function. Results We identified a novel homozygous intronic GHR variant (g.5:42700940T&gt;G, c.618 + 836T&gt; G), 44bp downstream of the previously recognized intronic 6Ψ GHR pseudoexon mutation in the index patient. Two siblings also harbored the novel intronic 6Ω pseudoexon GHR variant in compound heterozygosity with the known GHR c.181C&gt;T (R43X) mutation. In vitro splicing analysis confirmed inclusion of a 151bp mutant 6Ω pseudoexon not identified in wild-type constructs. Inclusion of the 6Ω pseudoexon causes a frameshift resulting in a non-functional truncated GHR lacking the transmembrane and intracellular domains. The truncated 6Ω pseudoexon protein demonstrated extracellular accumulation and diminished activation of STAT5B signaling following growth hormone stimulation. Conclusion Novel GHR 6Ω pseudoexon inclusion results in loss of GHR function consistent with a severe GHI phenotype. This represents a novel mechanism of Laron syndrome and is the first deep intronic variant identified causing severe postnatal growth failure. The 2 kindreds originate from the same town in Campania, Southern Italy, implying common ancestry. Our findings highlight the importance of studying variation in deep intronic regions as a cause of monogenic disorders.

Church Growth at Fuller

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Glasser
Keyword(s):  
Church Growth ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fuller Theological Seminary ◽  
World Missions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church

Conceding that the “church growth” concept and methodology have come under fire, the author shares an insider's reflections on how the movement has fared since Donald McGavran originated it three decades ago. The history of the movement and the relation between the Institute for Church Growth and the School of World Missions at Fuller Theological Seminary are traced. Dialogue and controversy with the WCC in the sixties, and growing influence within the Lausanne movement in the seventies, are sketched. The impact and consequences of church growth for world missions and for church life in the USA are noted. Finally, in a series of “random thoughts,” Glasser appraises both the strengths and weaknesses of the church growth concept, affirms that it is being corrected and enlarged, and claims for it an enduring place in the church's evolving missionary strategy of the eighties.

scholarly journals Production-related contaminants (pesticides, antibiotics and hormones) in organic and conventionally produced milk samples sold in the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 2972-2980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A Welsh ◽  
Hayley Braun ◽  
Nicole Brown ◽  
Caroline Um ◽  
Karen Ehret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Synthetic Growth ◽  
Conventional Milk

AbstractObjective:Consumption of cow’s milk, which is associated with diet and health benefits, has decreased in the USA. The simultaneous increase in demand for more costly organic milk suggests consumer concern about exposure to production-related contaminants may be contributing to this decline. We sought to determine if contaminant levels differ by the production method used.Design:Half-gallon containers of organic and conventional milk (four each) were collected by volunteers in each of nine US regions and shipped on ice for analysis. Pesticide, antibiotic and hormone (bovine growth hormone (bGH), bGH-associated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)) residues were measured using liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass or tandem mass spectrometry. Levels were compared against established federal limits and by production method.Setting:Laboratory analysis of retail milk samples.Results:Current-use pesticides (5/15 tested) and antibiotics (5/13 tested) were detected in several conventional (26–60 %; n 35) but not in organic (n 34) samples. Among the conventional samples, residue levels exceeded federal limits for amoxicillin in one sample (3 %) and in multiple samples for sulfamethazine (37 %) and sulfathiazole (26 %). Median bGH and IGF-1 concentrations in conventional milk were 9·8 and 3·5 ng/ml, respectively, twenty and three times that in organic samples (P < 0·0001).Conclusions:Current-use antibiotics and pesticides were undetectable in organic but prevalent in conventionally produced milk samples, with multiple samples exceeding federal limits. Higher bGH and IGF-1 levels in conventional milk suggest the presence of synthetic growth hormone. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these differences, if any, on consumers.

scholarly journals Journal of Behavioral Finance in retrospect

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Author(s):  
Angelito Calma
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Publication History ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact and contribution of the Journal of Behavioral Finance (JBF). Design/methodology/approach It uses the metadata from 328 journal articles (2004–2017) extracted from Scopus and Web of Science. The data included 2,602 author-submitted keywords, 1,825 index keywords and 310 abstracts. Findings Results indicate that JBF is still a young journal with 196 academic articles cited by 372 documents. Most citations come from JBF itself and the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance. Mesly and Seiler are the most published, University of Gothenberg has more contributions than any other institution while the USA, Australia and UK represent nearly half of those citations. Investment policy is the most used author keyword next to behavioural finance, while risk is the most used index keyword. The most commonly used words in abstracts are investor or investors. The implications of and for JBF are discussed. Originality/value It is a unique and novel approach to analysing almost the entire publication history of the journal by using citation analysis.

scholarly journals Forensic Parenting Evaluations: Challenges Inherent in the Evaluation of Latin American Parents for the USA Courts

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
L. Guzman-Hosta
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Open Adoption ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
American Immigrant ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Most often a mental health professional is consulted by the court in cases involving the Care and Protection of children. Most often judges are interested in learning about the emotional and cognitive strengths and weaknesses of parents to aid in the decision making process. The court is most essentially interested in recommendations that could increase the likelihood of the successful reunification of a family. When reunification is not possible, the expert is often consulted regarding the prospect of successful supervised visits or whether an open adoption is a viable option. The complexity of the cases can exponentially increase when the parent who is being evaluated is a Latin American immigrant. Factors such as a history of trauma and oppression, language barriers, education and literacy issues impact the already complex nature of these cases. Another important factor is the differences in parenting across cultures. As multicultural evaluators for the court we are in a unique position to offer education regarding sociocultural issues, and the impact of the dominant culture on an immigrant family. This presentation aims to illustrate and discuss the challenges inherent in these evaluations and to propose recommendations for improvement of the field.

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