Association of sodium intake with insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Min Kim ◽  
So Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Suk Shim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sodium intake and insulin resistance indices. Methods: A total of 718 Korean children and adolescents (411 boys) aged 10–18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were included in the study. The urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was used as a surrogate for sodium intake. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were used as indices of insulin resistance. Results: The mean urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was 11.34 in males and 10.17 in females. The urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was significantly positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.165, p<0.001) and inversely correlated with QUICKI (r=−0.181, p<0.001) in Pearson’s correlation analyses. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was independently and significantly positively associated with HOMA-IR (β=0.073, p=0.018) and significantly inversely associated with QUICKI (β=−0.080, p=0.007) after adjustment for possible confounders. HOMA-IR was independently and significantly positively associated with the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio (β=0.087, p=0.018), whereas QUICKI was independently and significantly negatively associated with the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio (β=−0.097, p=0.009) after controlling for confounders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that sodium intake, as estimated by the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio, may be independently associated with insulin resistance in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Relationship of sodium intake with obesity among Korean children and adolescents: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Kyung Lee ◽  
Mi Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Salt Intake

AbstractWe investigated whether dietary and urinary Na is associated with adiposity in Korean children and adolescents (10–18 years), a population with a high salt intake. Study subjects were Korean children and adolescents who participated in the cross-sectional nationally representative Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011). This study used measures of dietary (24-h dietary recall) and urinary Na (Na:creatinine ratio) and three methods to determine obesity (BMI, waist circumference (WC) and total body per cent fat (TBPF)). Higher Na intake was significantly associated with obesity, adjusting for the covariates. Subjects in the highest tertile of urinary Na excretion had a significantly higher OR for higher adiposity compared with those in the lowest tertile (multivariate-adjusted OR 3·13 (95 % CI 1·81, 5·50) for BMI, 2·15 (95 % CI 1·27, 3·66) for WC and 1·92 (95 % CI 1·29, 2·86) for TBPF, respectively). Na intake estimated by the 24-h recall method also showed significant association with adiposity (multivariate-adjusted OR 2·79 (95 % CI 1·66, 4·68) for BMI and 2·14 (95 % CI 1·25, 3·67) for WC, respectively). The significant associations between Na and adiposity remained significant after additionally adjusting for sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Our results revealed a significant positive association between urinary and dietary Na and adiposity in Korean children and adolescents, independent of SSB consumption.

scholarly journals Blood Mercury Levels in Relation to Overweight in Korean Children and Adolescents: Results From The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2013

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KY YOUNG CHO
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mercury Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Blood Mercury

Abstract Background: Previous researches for adults have demonstrated a substantial role of mercury exposure in the development of overweight and obesity development, but those findings are inconsistent. Although children and adolescents are more susceptible to the toxic effect of mercury compared to adults, the research of overweight and obesity related to mercury exposure in children and adolescent is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood mercury levels with body mass index (BMI) in Korean children and adolescents.Methods: The cross-sectional data analyzed were obtained from 1327 participants (age: 10-18 years, 672 males and 655 females) who completed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2013. The adjusted covariates were age, sex, household income, total intake of seafood in the previous 24 hours, and current status of alcohol consumption and smoking. Results: The adjusted geometric mean blood mercury level was 2.19 µg/L and increased significantly in the overweight group and the highest seafood consumption quartile compared with the level in the normal weight group and lowest seafood consumption quartile, respectively (P < 0.001). The adjusted blood mercury levels were significantly positively correlated with BMI in all participants and females (P < 0.05). When stratified by age and sex, all participants and males in the highest blood mercury level quartile were at higher risk of overweight than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratios [95% confidential intervals, CIs]: 1.78 [1.06-2.98], and 2.06 [1.01-4.23], respectively) after adjusting for the covariates (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of blood mercury levels for predicting overweight revealed that the area under the curve was 0.603 (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Our study suggested a significant association between mercury exposure and the risk of overweight in Korean children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Inadequate calcium intake is highly prevalent in Korean children and adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2489-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Geun Im ◽  
Shin Hye Kim ◽  
Gyeong-yoon Lee ◽  
Hyojee Joung ◽  
Mi-Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Study Population

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess the adequacy of Ca intake and major food sources of Ca in Korean children and adolescents.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingData from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2010. We analysed the daily Ca intake, major food sources of Ca and the prevalence of inadequate Ca intake in the study population. Ca intake was categorized as inadequate when the participant's daily Ca intake was less than the Estimated Average Requirement.SubjectThe study population consisted of 7233 children and adolescents (3973 boys, 3260 girls; aged 1–18 years).ResultsMean Ca intake was 510·2 mg/d in boys and 431·7 mg/d in girls. Overall, 75·0 % of adolescents (boys 71·6 %, girls 79·1 %) had inadequate Ca intake. The prevalence of inadequate Ca intake increased significantly from toddlers (45–55 %) to adolescents (78–86 %) in both genders. The highest ranked food sources for Ca were dairy products (35·0 %), followed by vegetables (17·3 %), grains (11·3 %) and seafood (9·9 %). Ca intake from dairy products decreased significantly from 57 % in toddlers to 30 % in adolescents, while Ca intakes from other foods increased with age.ConclusionsInadequate Ca intake is highly prevalent and increased with age in Korean children and adolescents. It should be emphasized to encourage children and adolescents to eat more Ca-rich products to meet their Ca needs.

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