scholarly journals Relationship of sodium intake with obesity among Korean children and adolescents: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Kyung Lee ◽  
Mi Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Salt Intake

AbstractWe investigated whether dietary and urinary Na is associated with adiposity in Korean children and adolescents (10–18 years), a population with a high salt intake. Study subjects were Korean children and adolescents who participated in the cross-sectional nationally representative Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011). This study used measures of dietary (24-h dietary recall) and urinary Na (Na:creatinine ratio) and three methods to determine obesity (BMI, waist circumference (WC) and total body per cent fat (TBPF)). Higher Na intake was significantly associated with obesity, adjusting for the covariates. Subjects in the highest tertile of urinary Na excretion had a significantly higher OR for higher adiposity compared with those in the lowest tertile (multivariate-adjusted OR 3·13 (95 % CI 1·81, 5·50) for BMI, 2·15 (95 % CI 1·27, 3·66) for WC and 1·92 (95 % CI 1·29, 2·86) for TBPF, respectively). Na intake estimated by the 24-h recall method also showed significant association with adiposity (multivariate-adjusted OR 2·79 (95 % CI 1·66, 4·68) for BMI and 2·14 (95 % CI 1·25, 3·67) for WC, respectively). The significant associations between Na and adiposity remained significant after additionally adjusting for sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Our results revealed a significant positive association between urinary and dietary Na and adiposity in Korean children and adolescents, independent of SSB consumption.

Association of sodium intake with insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Min Kim ◽  
So Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Suk Shim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sodium intake and insulin resistance indices. Methods: A total of 718 Korean children and adolescents (411 boys) aged 10–18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were included in the study. The urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was used as a surrogate for sodium intake. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were used as indices of insulin resistance. Results: The mean urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was 11.34 in males and 10.17 in females. The urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was significantly positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.165, p<0.001) and inversely correlated with QUICKI (r=−0.181, p<0.001) in Pearson’s correlation analyses. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio was independently and significantly positively associated with HOMA-IR (β=0.073, p=0.018) and significantly inversely associated with QUICKI (β=−0.080, p=0.007) after adjustment for possible confounders. HOMA-IR was independently and significantly positively associated with the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio (β=0.087, p=0.018), whereas QUICKI was independently and significantly negatively associated with the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio (β=−0.097, p=0.009) after controlling for confounders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that sodium intake, as estimated by the urinary sodium to urinary creatinine ratio, may be independently associated with insulin resistance in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Inadequate calcium intake is highly prevalent in Korean children and adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2489-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Geun Im ◽  
Shin Hye Kim ◽  
Gyeong-yoon Lee ◽  
Hyojee Joung ◽  
Mi-Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Study Population

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess the adequacy of Ca intake and major food sources of Ca in Korean children and adolescents.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingData from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2010. We analysed the daily Ca intake, major food sources of Ca and the prevalence of inadequate Ca intake in the study population. Ca intake was categorized as inadequate when the participant's daily Ca intake was less than the Estimated Average Requirement.SubjectThe study population consisted of 7233 children and adolescents (3973 boys, 3260 girls; aged 1–18 years).ResultsMean Ca intake was 510·2 mg/d in boys and 431·7 mg/d in girls. Overall, 75·0 % of adolescents (boys 71·6 %, girls 79·1 %) had inadequate Ca intake. The prevalence of inadequate Ca intake increased significantly from toddlers (45–55 %) to adolescents (78–86 %) in both genders. The highest ranked food sources for Ca were dairy products (35·0 %), followed by vegetables (17·3 %), grains (11·3 %) and seafood (9·9 %). Ca intake from dairy products decreased significantly from 57 % in toddlers to 30 % in adolescents, while Ca intakes from other foods increased with age.ConclusionsInadequate Ca intake is highly prevalent and increased with age in Korean children and adolescents. It should be emphasized to encourage children and adolescents to eat more Ca-rich products to meet their Ca needs.

scholarly journals Association of rheumatoid arthritis and high sodium intake with major adverse cardiovascular events: a cross-sectional study from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e056255
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hyeon Bae ◽  
Min-Young Shin ◽  
Eun Ha Kang ◽  
Yun Jong Lee ◽  
You-Jung Ha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
High Sodium Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Salt Intake

ObjectivesHigh salt intake has a harmful effect on hypertension; however, the association between major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and salt intake is still controversial. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is also characterised by excess cardiovascular risk. However, few studies have investigated the combined role of salt intake and RA in MACE in the general Korean population. Here, we evaluated this relationship among the Korean adult population.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional.SettingPopulation-based survey in Korea.MethodsThis study was based on the data of the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018). The estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (24HUNa), a surrogate marker for daily sodium intake, was calculated using the Tanaka equation and was stratified into five groups (<3, 3–3.999, 4–4.999, 5–5.999 and ≥6 g/day). Finally, data from 13 464 adult participants (weighted n=90 425 888) were analysed; all analyses considered a complex sampling design. Multivariable logistic regression for MACE as primary dependent variable was performed and adjusted for potential covariates.ResultsParticipants with MACE had higher 24HUNa levels and RA proportion than those without MACE (p<0.001). The association of MACE with 24HUNa was J-shaped with a gradual increase from about 3 g/day. The highest 24HUNa (≥6 g/day) group was significantly associated with increased prevalence of MACE compared with the reference group (3–3.999 g/day) after adjusting for all associated covariates (OR 6.75, 95% CI 1.421 to 32.039). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, RA (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.283 to 3.264) and the highest 24HUNa group (OR 6.35, 95% CI 1.337 to 30.147) were significantly associated with MACE even after adjusting for baseline covariates.ConclusionsThese nationally representative data suggest that RA and extremely high sodium intake are associated with MACE in the general adult Korean population. Avoiding extremely high salt intake and considering RA as an important risk factor for MACE might help promote public cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals The association between serum copper concentrations and elevated blood pressure in US children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsong Liu ◽  
Yanfen Liao ◽  
Zongyuan Zhu ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Us Children

Abstract Background Copper is an essential trace metal with potential interest for cardiovascular effects. Few studies have explored the association between copper and blood pressure in children and adolescents. Method We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1242 children and adolescents aged 8–17 years who participated in the 2011 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, elevated blood pressure (EBP) was defined as a mean systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90th percentile for sex, age, and height for children aged 1–12 years and systolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg for adolescent age 13–17 years. Mean serum copper was 114.17 μg/dL. Results After multiple adjustments, dose–response analyses revealed that EBP was associated with progressively higher serum copper concentrations in a nonlinear trend. In comparison with the lowest quartile of serum copper concentrations, the adjusted odds of EBP for the highest quartile was 5.26 (95% confidence interval, 2.76–10.03). Conclusion Our results suggested that high serum copper concentrations were significantly associated with EBP in US children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Blood Mercury Levels in Relation to Overweight in Korean Children and Adolescents: Results From The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2013

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KY YOUNG CHO
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mercury Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Blood Mercury

Abstract Background: Previous researches for adults have demonstrated a substantial role of mercury exposure in the development of overweight and obesity development, but those findings are inconsistent. Although children and adolescents are more susceptible to the toxic effect of mercury compared to adults, the research of overweight and obesity related to mercury exposure in children and adolescent is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association of blood mercury levels with body mass index (BMI) in Korean children and adolescents.Methods: The cross-sectional data analyzed were obtained from 1327 participants (age: 10-18 years, 672 males and 655 females) who completed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2013. The adjusted covariates were age, sex, household income, total intake of seafood in the previous 24 hours, and current status of alcohol consumption and smoking. Results: The adjusted geometric mean blood mercury level was 2.19 µg/L and increased significantly in the overweight group and the highest seafood consumption quartile compared with the level in the normal weight group and lowest seafood consumption quartile, respectively (P < 0.001). The adjusted blood mercury levels were significantly positively correlated with BMI in all participants and females (P < 0.05). When stratified by age and sex, all participants and males in the highest blood mercury level quartile were at higher risk of overweight than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratios [95% confidential intervals, CIs]: 1.78 [1.06-2.98], and 2.06 [1.01-4.23], respectively) after adjusting for the covariates (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of blood mercury levels for predicting overweight revealed that the area under the curve was 0.603 (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Our study suggested a significant association between mercury exposure and the risk of overweight in Korean children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Fruit juice consumption is associated with improved nutrient adequacy in children and adolescents: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E O'Neil ◽  
Theresa A Nicklas ◽  
Michael Zanovec ◽  
Ronald E Kleinman ◽  
Victor L Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Health And Nutrition

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the contribution of 100 % fruit juice (FJ) consumption to dietary adequacy of shortfall nutrients by children and adolescents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingSecondary analysis of data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).SubjectsChildren and adolescents aged 2–18 years (n 7250). Usual intake, determined from two 24 h dietary recalls, was calculated using the National Cancer Institute method. The population was dichotomized into consumers or non-consumers of 100 % FJ. The age/gender-specific percentage of the two consumption groups with intakes less than the Estimated Average Requirement or that exceeded the Adequate Intake for selected nutrients was determined. A Z-statistic for differences in population proportions was used to determine significance (P < 0·05).ResultsChildren aged 2–5 years had the highest percentage of 100 % FJ consumers (71·1 %), followed by children aged 6–12 years (57·0 %) and adolescents aged 13–18 years (44·5 %). Compared with 100 % FJ consumers, a significantly higher percentage of non-consumers had intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A (24·4 (se 2·5) % v. 42·2 (se 2·5) %), vitamin C (0·1 (se 0·2) % v. 38·9 (se 4·1) %), folate (8·8 (se 1·5) % v. 22·1 (se 2·4) %), P (11·6 (se 2·1) % v. 21·3 (se 2·6) %) and Mg (25·8 (se 1·7) % v. 46·1 (se 2·0) %). A greater percentage of 100 % FJ consumers exceeded the Adequate Intake for K (2·4 (se 0·5) v. 0·5 (se 0·2) %) compared with non-consumers.ConclusionsConsumption of 100 % FJ is associated with improved nutrient adequacy and can contribute to a healthy diet.

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