Boys will be boys: an example of biased and exclusive usage

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
Steven M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Gender Binary

AbstractBoys will be boys encapsulates most of what is wrong with patriarchy, hegemonic masculinity, gender roles, victimisation of females, and the gender binary, all of which play crucial roles in the continued subjugation and oppression of females in our society. Although most general English dictionaries provide a definition for this expression, this paper will demonstrate how they mischaracterise it, and therefore legitimise the repressive, destructive, and violent manifestations of this cultural mindset. After a brief review of the literature, the paraphrases of meaning that several popular dictionaries provide for this expression will be scrutinised. These will be contrasted with a bias-free and inclusive paraphrase of meaning, to be followed by a discussion and conclusions<fnote> This paper is based on content from my doctoral dissertation, Kaplan (2020).</fnote>.

scholarly journals Mahesh Dattani’s Dance Like a Man: A Depiction of the Trials and Tribulations of an Androgynous Personality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhavi ◽  
◽  
Rajiv Bhushan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian Family ◽  
Cultural Domain ◽  
Conventional Practice ◽  
Indian Theatre

Abstract Mahesh Dattani is one of the leading Indian dramatists who responded to the problems of sexuality on the canvass of Indian theatre. He examined various facets of subjugation and marginalization rampant in Indian society. His plays focus on the sub-urban Hindu family and its trifle with gender and alternate sexuality. His plots revolve around the damaging implications of patriarchal constructs and his characters strive for liberty and self-satisfaction beneath hegemonic masculinity, compulsive heteronormativity and prejudiced cultural domain. Regarding his famous play Dance Like a Man, this paper critically examines the existing socio-cultural domain which practices politics of exclusion of androgynous identities behind the façade of peacefully cohabiting heterosexual Indian family and shows how Dattani, has remarkably countered the presentation of the polarized association of gender roles with conventional practice through performance of his protagonist. Set against the backdrop of patriarchal mindset, this paper delineates that the victim of patriarchal norms is not a woman but a man, who has traits of androgyny. It gives a brief account to highlight the significance of androgyny and portrays how androgyny is directly proportional to creativity. It elucidates how androgynous men undergo searing experiences of stigma and social untouchability in a traditional setup and how patriarchal norms reinforce dominant powers of society to stunt the growth of their personality.

scholarly journals The Upshot on Princess Merida in Disney/Pixar’s Brave: Why the Tomboy Trajectory Is Off Target

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Lauren Dundes
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Traditional Gender Role ◽  
Gender And Power

Princess Merida, the “tomboy” princess in Disney/Pixar’s Brave, won praise for escaping the strictures of femininity and maternal demands for feminine propriety. In addition to her overt defiance of gender roles and demand for agency, Merida also enacts hegemonic masculinity by mocking her suitors during an archery contest in which she is the prize. The ridicule is the prelude to her dramatic, winning bullseye that feminizes the men, in a scene rich in symbolism about gender and power. In enacting the final phase of the tomboy paradigm, however, Merida reverses her trajectory as her rebellion against femininity ebbs. She then resolves conflict by displaying vulnerability rather than performing brave deeds. This marked shift to a more traditional gender role raises questions about her stature as a model of autonomy able to withstand the pressure to conform.

Political Implications of Gender Roles: A Review of the Literature

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1706-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Rule Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Contemporary Writing

This essay introduces the reader to the contemporary literature on gender roles and feminine behavior, including the major concepts, empirical findings, and social thought which have implications for political behavior and research. Gender roles as they relate to the psychology and activity of men and women, and their systemic cultural, economic, and legal ramifications provide an explanation and a basis for understanding political behavior, including recurrent women's protest movements. Contemporary writing contributes to building a non-androcentric and accurate body of knowledge regarding political woman, and it calls into question the ideology of the biological determinism of political activity. The literature surveyed has potential usefulness for public policy: an expansion of democracy is viable with the discernment and removal of barriers which hinder substantial proportions of women from achieving political leadership and hence participating in authoritative decision making and value allocation. A bibliography of major references is appended.

Gender and Sexual Minorities’ Practice and Embodiment of Authentic Leadership: Challenges and Opportunities

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh E. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Authentic Self ◽  
Leadership Challenges ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Hrd Professionals ◽  
Collective Engagement

The Problem There are three barriers that might prevent gender and sexual minority (GSM) persons from putting the tenets of authentic leadership into practice. First, full authenticity with all social actors could carry risk in a world where heterosexuality and conformity to the gender binary remain the norm. Second, because of norms that surround the embodiment of leadership, GSM leaders who may wish to practice authenticity may not be able to be authentic in a way that is intelligible to others. Third, the very term authenticity is problematic: If authenticity is dependent on other’s interpretations of behavior as authentic, then there may be no such thing as an authentic self. The Solution This review of the literature outlines how human resource development (HRD) professionals may put authentic leadership principles into practice with GSM people—or to the ends of creating a more expansive understanding of what the authentic could be for us all. Interrogating the concept of authenticity and agitating for structural change can allow more individuals to realize their authentic selves. The Stakeholders Through collective engagement in the project of troubling and reconstructing authentic leadership based on the scholarship related to GSM people’s obstacles in practicing such, then we may be able to yet promote new forms of authenticity for all leaders.

scholarly journals Don't Be Gay, Dude! How the Institution of Sport Reinforces Homophobeia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Lucyk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Muscular Christianity

Kelsey Lucyk analyzes how the media and the institution of sport have entrenched certain ideals about masculinity meanwhile reinforcing homophobic attitudes towards gender roles in sports. This article focusses primarily on analyzing Canadian sports and makes use of the concept of muscular Christianity to explain hegemonic masculinity as found in the Canadian institution of sport.

scholarly journals Masculinity in Numafung, a Film Directed by Nabin Subba

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Asmita Bista
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Asymmetrical Power ◽  
Gender Practices

The prevailing gender practices in the Limbu culture promote asymmetrical power relations not only between males and females but also between dominant males and subordinated males. This practice is portrayed in the feature film Numafung by Nabin Subba. Thus, the paper aims to investigate how the practice of hegemonic masculinity has affected the life of individuals, both males and females in Limbu community in the film. It scrutinizes what sort of problems do the conventional masculine roles bring in the characters’ lives. This paper also intends to assess the reasons that force the males to perform the conventional gender roles. To analyze the text, R.W. Connell’s and Michael Kimmel’s idea of masculinity theory has been used as an approach. These theorists propose that masculinity is a constructed entity that is achieved through constant performance: a series of cues observed, internalized and repeated over time. Illuminating the gender practices in the Limbu culture, Numafung unfolds the cultural dynamics of the Limbu society in the light of hegemonic masculinities. The paper concludes that cultural practices such as ‘sunauli- rupauli,’ ‘mangena’ and ‘jari’ keep their hegemonic masculinity intact. The paper further concludes that the male characters of Numafung embrace hegemonic masculinity because gender is a socio-cultural construction; being part of that society, one hardly can escape from the socially enforced gender roles.

Masculinities and Teacher Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell Cleveland Hucks
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Shape Learning ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
And Gender

Teachers’ values and beliefs shape learning environments and reinforce and support their expectations of students’ behaviors. Overtime, students’ behavior undergoes a norming process that influences their understanding of gender roles and gender identity. While there have been political shifts since the early 1980s around gender roles; for many in 2021 these traditional dichotomous notions of gender roles for boys and girls still exist in schools. Many boys are still encouraged to be tough, strong, and emotionally devoid of feelings. For girls, many are encouraged to be polite, sweet, and emotional. Boys are still given a pass for being aggressive, and it is still quite acceptable for girls to be passive. This non-inclusive gender binary continues to damage us as adults and promotes behaviors that do not allow for the complexities regarding gender identity, and then add the factor of race to the mix, and it gets even more complicated and, all of this left unchallenged, can lead to toxic behavior. Various examples of toxic masculinity can be found in the now readily available videos of police officers’ negative engagement with people of color around the globe. Teachers still have tremendous opportunities to intervene and educate students at all levels in ways that embrace difference and create a more empathetic society—will they do it? And what are the implications for changes that must occur in how they are prepared via teacher education programs to work with diverse learners?

Environment and the Deaf Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
DEAN M. LIERLE
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Deaf Child ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Hereditary Conditions ◽  
Stated Purpose

Environment and the Deaf Child is based on material compiled for a doctoral dissertation. The stated purpose of the study is to improve our understanding of the maladjustment of deaf children. The author seeks to determine whether environmental factors play a more decisive role in the adjustive process than do organic or hereditary conditions. To this end the author has included a review of the literature concerning the various views of this problem. Numerous quotations are used and, since they are out of context, it is a little difficult for the reader to be certain of the original author's intent for a given statement.

The Culinary Gender Binary in an Era of Multiculturalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayan S. Lallani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
First Century ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Gender Dynamics ◽  
National Discourse ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Italian Immigrants ◽  
Twenty First Century

This article uses oral histories to examine how migration affected the gender dynamics of foodwork carried out by late postwar Italian immigrants in Toronto. Culinary gender roles remained preserved as narrators journeyed to Toronto. However, by the twenty-first century when national discourse emphasized a multicultural Canada—the climax of the shift toward culinary pluralism—the narrators each embodied a range of food masculinities and femininities. They also described other motives to do partake in culinary labor that cannot be categorized by the traditional binary. A new paradigm that accounts for the experiences of migrants encountering the homogenizing forces of multiculturalism is needed.

scholarly journals Freeter, Arafo, House Husband: Shifting Values of Hegemonic Masculinity and Emphasized Femininity in Four Japanese Television Dramas

IZUMI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Rouli Esther Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Dominant Discourses ◽  
Japanese Television ◽  
At Home

This study examines the shifting values of masculinity and femininity in four Japanese television dramas: At Home Dad (2004), Around 40 (2008), Freeter, Buy a House (2010), and Wonderful Single Life (2012). These corpus data are analyzed using Connell’s concepts of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity. The findings of this study focus on the following: 1. Characters in the four television dramas challenge the dominant discourses of masculinity and femininity by living as freeters, house husbands, and arafos. 2. To criticize hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity, these dramas depict the negative aspects of living a rigid lifestyle encompassed by traditional gender roles and feature main characters who show alternative lifestyles of masculinity and femininity. 3. Hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity values shadow the emergence of alternative masculinity and femininity in contemporary Japanese society.  

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