Political Implications of Gender Roles: A Review of the Literature

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1706-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Rule Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Contemporary Writing

This essay introduces the reader to the contemporary literature on gender roles and feminine behavior, including the major concepts, empirical findings, and social thought which have implications for political behavior and research. Gender roles as they relate to the psychology and activity of men and women, and their systemic cultural, economic, and legal ramifications provide an explanation and a basis for understanding political behavior, including recurrent women's protest movements. Contemporary writing contributes to building a non-androcentric and accurate body of knowledge regarding political woman, and it calls into question the ideology of the biological determinism of political activity. The literature surveyed has potential usefulness for public policy: an expansion of democracy is viable with the discernment and removal of barriers which hinder substantial proportions of women from achieving political leadership and hence participating in authoritative decision making and value allocation. A bibliography of major references is appended.

scholarly journals The economics of free

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Evans
Keyword(s):  
Game Design ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Game Studies ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Gaming Industry ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Simpsons ◽  
The Social ◽  
Casual Games ◽  
Branding Strategies

The gaming industry has seen dramatic change and expansion with the emergence of ‘casual’ games that promote shorter periods of gameplay. Free to download, but structured around micropayments, these games raise the complex relationship between game design and commercial strategies. Although offering a free gameplay experience in line with open access philosophies, these games also create systems that offer control over the temporal dynamics of that experience to monetize player attention and inattention. This article will examine three ‘freemium’ games, Snoopy Street Fair, The Simpsons’ Tapped Out and Dragonvale, to explore how they combine established branding strategies with gameplay methods that monetize player impatience. In examining these games, this article will ultimately indicate the need for game studies to interrogate the intersection between commercial motivations and game design and a broader need for media and cultural studies to consider the social, cultural, economic and political implications of impatience.

EVALUATING CORPORATE-STARTUP CO-CREATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150073
Author(s):  
ANNIKA STEIBER ◽  
SVERKER ALANGE ◽  
VINCENZO CORVELLO
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Evaluation Models ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Technology Startups

Partnership with startups offers large firms knowledge about, and access to new technologies. Incumbents’ emphasis on corporate-startup collaboration has therefore reached a new level and various models for corporate-startup collaboration can now be found among large enterprises. “Co-creation” between large firms and technology startups, is one of these models that increases in traction. The model is, however, under-researched and research on frameworks and metrics for evaluating the business effects from corporate-startup co-creation is scarce. The purpose of this paper is therefore to extend the existing body of knowledge by investigating frameworks and metrics for evaluating corporate-startup “co-creation” and to suggest a framework for evaluation of corporate-startup co-creation programs. A literature review on identified frameworks and metrics is presented, covering research findings on evaluation models for corporate-startup collaboration. The main finding in this paper is a “multi-stakeholder framework” for evaluating the collaboration’s results in corporate-startup co-creation models.

What Shapes Political Participation of the Poorest Citizens?

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Carew Boulding ◽  
Claudio A. Holzner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Democratic Rights

This chapter presents the theoretical explanation that links core institutional features of democracy (political parties, competitive elections, civil society, and protection of democratic rights) to the political behavior of the poorest citizens. The focus is not only on those factors that boost the political activity of the poor, but those that have a disproportionately strong positive impact on poor people’s activism. The chapter argues that where civil society is strong, where political parties have the capacity and incentives to focus mobilization efforts on the poor, and where democratic institutions are strong, poor people will be able to participate at high levels.

PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM: A VIEW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE THEORY OF SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY

METOD ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 416-442
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
Computer Experiments ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Pink Noise ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Self Organized Criticality

Punctuated equilibrium is regarded as the state of natural and social systems manifested in occasional intense, quick bursts of activity. Within the framework of the theory of self-organized criticality (SOC), punctuated equilibrium can be formalized as pink noise. SOC theory, having been developed by the end of 1980s, was originally intended to explain natural science phenomena. However, soon after its presentation, it began to spread across the social and humanitarian field of knowledge. Critical state is one on the brink of a bifurcation point. It turns out that some systems can stay in a state of permanent choice for a fairly long time. The author presents the examples of punctuated equilibrium revealed in computer experiments with artificial societies, as well as through empirical observation (particularly, in the dynamics of voting patterns, internet activity, and protest movements in the past and present). The key concepts of SOC theory and tools for pink noise identification are laid out. The sandpile model has been given special attention. Certain papers have been analyzed in which SOC theory was applied to gain some political science knowledge. According to SOC, in certain cases, there is no need to search for some significant extraordinary factor to shed light on explosive social transformations (including revolutions and other bursts of social and political activity). Social transformations can be induced by quite ordinary - and thus undistinguished - properties of systems, micro-level pro- cesses, and local impulses. SOC theory, therefore, refocuses the attention of researchers from the search for direct causes of events to the identification of states of the subject that generates these events.

The Walkthrough Method

2022 ◽  
pp. 461-486
Author(s):  
Michela Cavagnuolo ◽  
Viviana Capozza ◽  
Alfredo Matrella
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research

Nowadays the social scientists are called to integrate within their studies new tools that modify and innovate the scientist's typical toolbox. Digital platforms, media, and especially apps pose further challenges to social scientists today, as they are an important place of significant socio-cultural, economic, health, relationships, and entertainment transformations. When studying digital technologies, in fact, it's important to pay attention to both their socio-cultural representations and technological aspects – since even design and data outputs have social and cultural influences. In this context, new research questions arise; among all the possible tools in the digital method toolbox, the walkthrough method is a noteworthy way to answer them. Starting from these considerations, this chapter aims to analyze, through a review of the literature, the birth and development of the walkthrough method in its various meanings to identify the innovative aspects and fields of application.

Forming, Adapting, and Terminating the Employment Relationship: A Review of the Literature from Individual, Organizational, & Interactionist Perspectives

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Susan Taylor ◽  
Cristina M. Giannantonio
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
New Research

This article reviews research published in the last five years (1988- 1992) on three employment status activities-formation, adaptation, and termination-from three perspectives-individual, organizational, and interactionist. It to integrates these findings into a common body of knowledge, in order to show what might be gained from a consideration of all three perspectives. The article concludes with recommendations for the requirements of models used to guide future research on the employment relationship and with the identification of fruitful directions for new research.

Reality-congruence, emancipatory politics and situated knowledge in International Relations: a process sociological perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-224
Author(s):  
André Saramago
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Situated Knowledge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Orientation Process ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emancipatory Politics ◽  
Process Sociology

Recent discussions of the epistemological and political implications of the situatedness of knowledge in International Relations (IR) have raised important questions regarding the future development of the discipline. They pose the challenge of understanding under what conditions human beings develop more or less reality-congruent knowledge about world politics and what are the implications of such knowledge for emancipatory political activity. This article argues that process sociology should be understood as a relevant complement to these discussions. Assuming a fundamentally ‘realist’ orientation, process sociology provides a sociologically informed analysis of the material, ideational and emotional forces shaping the development of knowledge. As such, it can help those concerned with the implications of the situatedness of knowledge in IR reinforce their capacity to both understand the social conditions under which it is possible to develop more detached and reality-congruent knowledge about the world and better identify and explain the historically emergent values that should orientate the emancipatory transformation of world politics.

The Politics of the Spirit: The Political Implications of Pentecostalized Religion in Costa Rica and Guatemala. By Timothy J. Steigenga. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2001. 220p. $70.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-674
Author(s):  
Virginia Garrard-Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The Politics of the Spirit is Timothy Steigenga's long-awaited quantitative study of religious affiliation and political behavior in Central America. What he has done in this spare and conscientious study is to take to task the “conventional wisdom” about Protestantism in Central America. This is a formidable endeavor, given the flood of scholarly literature that has been produced by anthropologists, historians, and sociologists about Protestantism, and especially Pentecostalism, in Latin America over the past two decades. Because Pentecostalism seemed to emerge in Central America during the region's political crisis of the late twentieth century, much of this literature carried with it a highly deterministic subtext, defined by Max Weber and by models of political behavior borrowed from the United States and European experiences.

Falling from grace: Gender norms and gender strategies in Eastern Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerina Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis article calls for a critical scholarly engagement with women's participation in the Kurdish movement. Since the 1980s, women have appropriated the political sphere in different gender roles, and their activism is mostly seen as a way of empowerment and emancipation. Albeit legitimate, such a claim often fails to account for the social and political control mechanisms inherent in the new political gender roles. This article presents the life stories of four Kurdish women. Although politically active, these women do not necessarily define themselves through their political activity. Thus they do not present their life story according to the party line, but dwell on the different social and political expectations, state violence and the contradicting role models with whom they have to deal on a daily basis. Therefore, the status associated with their roles, especially those of the “new” and emancipated woman, does not necessarily represent their own experiences and subjectivities. Women who openly criticize the social and political constraints by transgressing the boundaries of accepted conduct face social as well as political sanctions.

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