Expectation and Evaluation of Spouse’s Filial Piety and Marital Satisfaction in China

The present study examined the effect of expectation and evaluation of spouse’s filial piety on marital satisfaction among young Chinese couples. We administered scales assessing gender role attitude, marital satisfaction, and expectation and evaluation of spouse’s filial piety on 422 married participants and explored the relationships among these variables. The results showed the following: (1) gender role attitude mediated the relationship between participants’ gender and evaluation of their spouse’s filial piety. There was no significant gender difference in the evaluation of spouse’s filial piety; however, men were more likely to have a traditional gender role attitude, and a traditional gender role attitude leads to lower evaluation of spouse’s filial piety. Furthermore, it was found that the wife’s sibling condition influenced the participants’ expectation and evaluation of spouse’s filial piety as compared to the husband’s; (2) the evaluation of spouse’s filial piety was significantly positively correlated with marital satisfaction; and (3) women’s expectations of their husband’s filial piety moderated this relationship. The positive effects of the evaluation of spouse’s filial piety on marital satisfaction were significantly stronger when they had high expectations in this regard.

Loosening the GRIP (Gender Roles Inhibiting Prosociality) to Promote Gender Equality

Prosociality is an ideal context to begin shifting traditional gender role stereotypes and promoting equality. Men and women both help others frequently, but assistance often follows traditional gender role expectations, which further reinforces restrictive gender stereotypes in other domains. We propose an integrative process model of gender roles inhibiting prosociality (GRIP) to explain why and how this occurs. We argue that prosociality provides a unique entry point for change because it is (a) immediately rewarding (which cultivates positive attitude formation), (b) less likely to threaten the gender status hierarchy, and therefore less susceptible to social backlash (which translates into less restrictive social norms), and (c) a skill that can be learned (which leads to stronger beliefs in one’s own ability to help). Using the GRIP model, we derive a series of hypothesized interventions to interrupt the self-reinforcing cycle of gender role stereotyping and facilitate progress toward broader gender equality.

Maskulinitas dan Pandemi COVID-19: Studi Kasus Pakistan

This research aims to elaborate on the question of why male patientsof COVID-19 dominating globally (data are taken per 24 June 2020).Depart from the hegemonic masculinity concept, the argument proposedin this writing is that traditional gender role which positioned men asbreadwinner is one of the vital factors to the high infection among men.Men who are supposed to work outside their house is arguably morevulnerable to the virus. The argument is extracted from both Pakistanexperience against COVID-19. According to UN Women, this country oftop the list of countries who has the highest disparity among male andfemale patient, reaching more than 70 percent of male and 30 percent forthe female. The statistic goes hand in hand with the notion of traditionalgender roles rooted deep within the community.

Do Gender-role Values Matter? Explaining New Refugee Women’s Social Contact in Germany

This article investigates whether gender-role values are linked to refugee women’s social contact in Germany. By building on the “preferences–third parties–opportunities” framework, we explicate a direct and an indirect path through which gender-role values may be related to refugee women’s minority-majority, intra-minority, and inter-minority contact. By applying median regressions, marginal structural models, and inverse probability of treatment weighting to data from the 2016 IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey, we show that refugee women’s own gender-traditional values and those of their partners are associated both directly and indirectly with less social contact for these women. Effects of gender-role values on refugee women’s social contact are more pronounced for minority-majority contact than for the other two types of social contact assessed. With the effects of refugee women’s and their partners’ gender-role values being rather small against alternative explanatory factors, we conclude that in contrast to the view traditionally held by the populist right, traditional gender-role values hold refugee women back from establishing social contact in the host society only to a very limited extent.

A Depiction of Gender Role in the Movie of Incredibles 2 (2018)

The research aims to figure out the gender roles which are used to look at how the film constructs and upholds gender roles. The qualitative method is used to analyze the data in which the primary data are taken from Brad Bird’s Incredibles 2 (2018). Additionally, the researcher used gender roles and cinematography theory to look at how gender is a performance and also to gain a result that gender roles are changing overtimes. The use of Judith Butler’s theory of performativity is to show that the portrayal of gender roles in the movie is slightly different from social construction. Butler’s notion of performativity refers to an act of performance that an individual is doing repeatedly as described in Incredibles 2 (2018) where Bob and Helen do the gender role reversal and share the same responsibilities in the family. Bob is previously shown as the breadwinner of the family and the main earner while Helen is a full-time stay-at-home mother who takes care of the children and the house. Since they no longer hold the traditional gender role; therefore, the movie demonstrates how they start to swap gender assigned tasks. Accordingly, the gender roles are showcased as Bob is being the househusband and the caretaker of the family while Helen is a working woman.

The Upshot on Princess Merida in Disney/Pixar’s Brave: Why the Tomboy Trajectory Is Off Target

Princess Merida, the “tomboy” princess in Disney/Pixar’s Brave, won praise for escaping the strictures of femininity and maternal demands for feminine propriety. In addition to her overt defiance of gender roles and demand for agency, Merida also enacts hegemonic masculinity by mocking her suitors during an archery contest in which she is the prize. The ridicule is the prelude to her dramatic, winning bullseye that feminizes the men, in a scene rich in symbolism about gender and power. In enacting the final phase of the tomboy paradigm, however, Merida reverses her trajectory as her rebellion against femininity ebbs. She then resolves conflict by displaying vulnerability rather than performing brave deeds. This marked shift to a more traditional gender role raises questions about her stature as a model of autonomy able to withstand the pressure to conform.

When Mom Earns More Than Dad: The Parenting Experience in Light of New Earning Patterns

The study examined the relationship between a mother’s earning advantage over her husband, and three aspects of the parenting experience: the cognitive aspect (examined through the concept of parental self-efficacy), the emotional aspect (examined through the quality of the relationship with the children), and the behavioral aspect (examined through parental involvement in childcare). The sample included 246 Israeli Jewish participants who were not married to one another and do not share a household (85 fathers and 161 mothers). Fathers with traditional gender role attitudes whose income is lower than that of the mothers scored lower than other participants on paternal self-efficacy, and experienced less closeness and lower satisfaction in their relationship with their children, regardless of gender. The findings indicate that fathers who hold traditional gender role attitudes and do not serve as main providers constitute a particularly vulnerable group in terms of the parenting experience.

Is Low Power Associated With Submission During Marital Conflict? Moderating Roles of Gender and Traditional Gender Role Beliefs

Lower power during marital interactions predicts greater aggression by men, but no research has identified women’s response to lower power. We tested whether women who experienced lower situational power during conflict exhibited greater submission, especially if they held traditional gender role beliefs and thus accepted structural gender differences in power. Newlywed couples (Time 1, N = 204 couples) completed questionnaires and discussed an area of conflict 3 times over 3 years. Individuals who perceived lower power during couples’ discussions evidenced greater submission, but this effect was more pronounced for wives, especially wives who held traditional gender role beliefs. Among those with traditional gender role beliefs, greater submission together with lower power predicted lower marital adjustment over time. These results highlight that the low power–submission link, and associated implications for marital adjustment, need to be evaluated in the context of power-relevant situations, gender, and broader power-related beliefs about gender roles.