Street name changes as language and identity inscription in the cityscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. W. Tan ◽  
Christoph Purschke
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Time Span ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Language Selection ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Short Time

Abstract This article examines the role of language selection in constructing the cityscape of highly multilingual, postcolonial places like Malaysia and Namibia. The relationship between language policy, the construction of a national identity as well as linguistic inscriptions in the cityscape can be seen as part of language planning in relation to what gets represented, by whom, and for what purpose. We focus on street names as a typical target of language policy. In postcolonial societies, these renegotiations of the cityscape can be analysed against the backdrop of different processes, such as the erasure of names commemorating the colonial past, the inscription of important figures of the newly established nations, or the curation of the language regime with respect to the presence and symbolical function of languages. Using contrastive data and methodology, we analyse the renegotiation of postcolonial cityscapes in Kuala Lumpur (historical city centre, map data, large time span) and Windhoek (entire cityscape, newspaper reports, short time span). Our analysis establishes a notion of how the cityscape as a complex sociosymbolic text is being constantly rewritten by its actors. We find different motives attached to such processes of cultural representation, including national identity building and ideological consolidation of the cityscape.

scholarly journals Absent Patriarchs and Persuasive Enforcers of the Future Nation: A Contextualized Reading of American Wartime Fathers in Walt Disney’s Pinocchio, Dumbo and Bambi

Animation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Aino AT Isojärvi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Time Span ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Second World

This article discusses the portrayal of fatherhood and paternity in Walt Disney’s benchmark features Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo (1941) and Bambi (1942) through a contextualized historical and cultural analysis. The author aims to provide a coherent study of how the father figure is constructed in each of these films and why the tone of this presentation varies considerably within the short time span between the theatrical releases. The article proceeds to demonstrate how, with their prominent father characters, these features exhibit metaphorically the transitional and challenged sentiments regarding fatherhood and masculinity in early 1940s America. The immense societal crises, the Great Depression and the Second World War, destabilized prevalent gender roles and, as a response, sparked ideologically charged discourses that were pretentiously spread in contemporary mainstream film, and which sought to restore the former patriarchal order. This article intends to discover to what extent the Disney studio participated in these popular discourses or used them for its own interests. Finally, the article investigates how these films contribute to the construction and understanding of ‘reality’ of this past and the role of fathers within it.

The Role of Children in the Revival of Hebrew

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Yael Reshef
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Language Emergence ◽  
Short Time

This chapter discusses the role played by the first generation of Hebrew-speaking children in the emergence processes of Modern Hebrew. As the education system was a major agent in the dissemination of Hebrew speech, the first section is dedicated to a detailed survey of the development of Hebrew education in Palestine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Next, the sociolinguistic aspects of speech revival are discussed, with particular reference to the crucial contribution of the introduction of preschool education in Hebrew. Finally, the chapter analyzes linguistic aspects of the process; it is suggested that insights gained from some well-studied cases of language emergence presented in the linguistic literature may be used to explain how a distinct, relatively uniform native variety emerged in Hebrew within a very short time span.

scholarly journals ‘Scrupulous and Timid Conformism’: Ireland and the Reception of the Liturgical Changes of Vatican II

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Gary Carville
Keyword(s):  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
The People ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Irish Catholics ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Church

The Second Vatican Council and, in particular, its Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, changed much in the daily life of the Church. In Ireland, a country steeped in the Catholic tradition but largely peripheral to the theological debates that shaped Vatican II, the changes to liturgy and devotional practice were implemented dutifully over a relatively short time span and without significant upset. But did the hierarchical manner of their reception, like that of the Council itself, mean that Irish Catholics did not receive the changes in a way that deepened their spirituality? And was the popular religious memory of the people lost through a neglect of liturgical piety and its place in the interior life, alongside what the Council sought to achieve? In this essay, Dr Gary Carville will examine the background to the liturgical changes at Vatican II, the contribution to their formulation and implementation by leaders of the Church in Ireland, the experiences of Irish Catholic communities in the reception process, and the ongoing need for a liturgical formation that brings theology, memory, and practice into greater dialogue.

scholarly journals Chitinozoans and the age of the Soom Shale, an Ordovician black shale Lagerstätte, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke ◽  
Sarah E. Gabbott ◽  
Florentin Paris ◽  
Richard J. Aldridge ◽  
Johannes N. Theron
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Black Shale ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Short Time ◽  
A New Species

Abstract. Isolated chitinozoans from the Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, SW South Africa are described and provide a date of the latest Hirnantian–earliest Rhuddanian. The recovered chitinozoans are typical of the latest Ordovician Spinachitina oulebsiri Biozone, although an earliest Silurian age is possible. They indicate a very short time span (less than 1 Ma) across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary. This is currently the highest biostratigraphical resolution attainable for the Soom Shale Lagerstätte. Correlation of the Soom Shale chitinozoans with identical assemblages in post-glacial, transgressive deposits of Northern Africa is possible; both faunas occur in shales that overlie glacial diamictites of the Hirnantian glaciation. A new species, Spinachitina verniersi n. sp. is described.

scholarly journals A Review of Arguments for the Existence of Latent Infections of Bacillus anthracis, and Research Needed to Understand Their Role in the Outbreaks of Anthrax

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gainer ◽  
Gilles Vergnaud ◽  
Martin E. Hugh-Jones
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Old French ◽  
Time Span ◽  
World Health ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Short Time

Hugh-Jones and Blackburn and Turnbull’s collective World Health Organization (WHO) report did literature reviews of the theories and the bases for causes of anthrax outbreaks. Both comment on an often-mentioned suspicion that, even though unproven, latent infections are likely involved. Hugh-Jones suggested Gainer do an updated review of our present-day knowledge of latent infections, which was the basis for Gainer’s talk at the Biology of Anthrax Conference in Bari, Italy 2019. At the Conference Gainer met Vergnaud who presented anthrax genome studies that implied that the disease might have spread throughout Asia and from Europe to North America in a short time span of three or four centuries. Vergnaud wondered if latent infections might have played a role in the process. Several other presenters at the Conference also mentioned results that might suggest the existence of latent infections. Vergnaud subsequently looked into some of the old French literature about related observations, results, and discussions of early Pasteur vaccine usage (late 1800′s) and found mentions of suspected latent infections. The first part of the paper is a focused summary and interpretation of Hugh-Jones and Blackburn’s and Turnbull’s reviews specifically looking for suggestions of latent infections, a few additional studies with slightly different approaches, and several mentions made of presentations and posters at the Conference in Italy. In general, many different investigators in different areas and aspects of the anthrax study at the Conference found reasons to suspect the existence of latent infections. The authors conclude that the affected species most studied, including Homo sapiens, provide circumstantial evidence of latent infections and modified host resistance. The last part of the review explores the research needed to prove or disprove the existence of latent infections.

Some Pleistocene Faunas of the Mediterranean Coastal Areas

1961 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 144-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Geological Time Scale ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Cave Deposits ◽  
Cave Sediments ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Short Time

The object of this paper is to compare the fauna from sites on the Mediterranean coast having a similar physiography at the present day and which may have responded to climatic change in a similar way during the Pleistocene.Carbon 14 dating has shown a relatively short time span for the Late Pleistocene, and it is no longer possible to think of the correlation of cave deposits on a geological time scale. A thousand years or less is of some importance. It is possible and indeed probable that faunas and cave sediments may have been at the same point of time quite different in caves on the shore of the Mediterranean from, say, inland caves at 1,000 or 2,000 feet above sea level, such as those of the Judean Desert.

Tracking of Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity: A 16-Year Follow-Up Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Raustorp ◽  
Andreas Fröberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Short Time

Background: The aims of this study were to explore the effect of time and long-termed tracking on pedometer-determined physical activity (PA) from early adolescent to the 30s. Methods: PA was measured with pedometers [Yamax™ (SW-200)] during 2000 (time 1), 2003 (time 2), 2005 (time 3), 2010 (time 4), and 2016 (time 5). Anthropometric data were collected during time 1. Data from 59 participants (n = 32 males) were analyzed from early adolescent (time 1) to the 30s (time 5). Results: There was an effect of time for males (P = .005, η2 = .76) and females (P = .002, η2 = .50) where steps per day decreased. Males steps per day tracked between time 1 and time 2 (r = .41, P = .021), time 1 and time 3 (r = .38, P = .03), time 3 and time 4 (r = .42, P = .015), and time 4 and time 5 (r = .50, P = .003). Females steps per day tracked between time 4 and time 5 (r = .39, P = .04). Males took more steps per day than females during time 1 (P = .018), whereas females took more steps per day during time 2 (P = .043) and time 3 (P = .03). Conclusion: There was a significant effect of time, where steps per day decreased between the 5 times of measurement. Steps per day tracked low to moderate in the short time span, yet tracked nonsignificantly from early adolescent to the 30s.

Comment on Quimby's “Cultural and Natural Areas before Kroeber”

1955 ◽  
Vol 20 (4Part1) ◽  
pp. 377-378
Author(s):  
Homer Aschmann
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
New World ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
American Antiquity ◽  
World Archaeological ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Short Time

One is forced to admire Quimby's enterprise (1954, American Antiquity, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 317-31) in attempting not only a characterization but a mapping of the paleogeography of North America at 7 stages between 8500 B.C. and 500 B.C. Among other things it shows a healthful awareness that the physical environment cannot be considered a constant even in the relatively short time span generally accepted for the New World archaeological record. Fruitful investigations can be pursued through coordinating the geological, climatological, paleoecological, and archaeological evidence over extensive regions, and this tentative essay may provide a needed impetus.On the other hand, certain of the hypotheses presented in this paper seem to me to demand immediate examination before they become established dogma to burden subsequent investigations. I shall not question the eclectic use of 2 main chronological frameworks, those provided by Antevs and by radiocarbon dating, though the former, at least, is hardly established fact (Burma 1950).

The Role of Transnational Companies in the Brazilian Defence Tripod

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul De Gouvea Neto
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Defence Industry ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
Short Time

Within a short time span Brazil became one of the world's largest producers of defence hardware. In 1987, Brazil was the fifth largest exporter of arms worldwide and the second largest arms producer among the newly industrialised countries (NICs). This article argues that the roots of this rapid development of the Brazilian Defence Industry (BDI) lie in the vital role of multinational companies (MNCs) and in the harmonious tripod orchestrated by the Brazilian government. The State, through its interaction with the Brazilian private sector and with subsidiaries of MNCs, brought together the political support, a supply of funds, the manufacturing capability and technology that are vital in any attempt to establish an indigenous defence industry. Above all, the Brazilian government achieved the balanced coordination of these variables essential for maintaining the dynamics of the industry.

scholarly journals The Elements Contributing to Tax Evasion in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (32) ◽  
pp. 52-78
Author(s):  
Daniah Raqaban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship

The Saudi Arabian’s vision had uplifted the Saudi economy within a short time span by adopting different strategic legislation. One of the main adaptations by the Saudi government that assess this uplift was through adopting taxation. As a new legislation it was faced a lot of resistance by the citizen, which led to tax evasion. The study had conducted through mean of survey that focused on testing two main hypotheses to see the relationship between two main groups (morality and understanding) to tax evasion. As it showed the hypothesis was supported by the data collected that both the level of morality do plays a massive role in the perception of tax evasion; moreover, that the level of awareness the individuals have is low to medium level when it comes to understanding the tax rules and regulations.

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