The Role of Transnational Companies in the Brazilian Defence Tripod

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul De Gouvea Neto
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Defence Industry ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
Short Time

Within a short time span Brazil became one of the world's largest producers of defence hardware. In 1987, Brazil was the fifth largest exporter of arms worldwide and the second largest arms producer among the newly industrialised countries (NICs). This article argues that the roots of this rapid development of the Brazilian Defence Industry (BDI) lie in the vital role of multinational companies (MNCs) and in the harmonious tripod orchestrated by the Brazilian government. The State, through its interaction with the Brazilian private sector and with subsidiaries of MNCs, brought together the political support, a supply of funds, the manufacturing capability and technology that are vital in any attempt to establish an indigenous defence industry. Above all, the Brazilian government achieved the balanced coordination of these variables essential for maintaining the dynamics of the industry.

Street name changes as language and identity inscription in the cityscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. W. Tan ◽  
Christoph Purschke
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Time Span ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Language Selection ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Short Time

Abstract This article examines the role of language selection in constructing the cityscape of highly multilingual, postcolonial places like Malaysia and Namibia. The relationship between language policy, the construction of a national identity as well as linguistic inscriptions in the cityscape can be seen as part of language planning in relation to what gets represented, by whom, and for what purpose. We focus on street names as a typical target of language policy. In postcolonial societies, these renegotiations of the cityscape can be analysed against the backdrop of different processes, such as the erasure of names commemorating the colonial past, the inscription of important figures of the newly established nations, or the curation of the language regime with respect to the presence and symbolical function of languages. Using contrastive data and methodology, we analyse the renegotiation of postcolonial cityscapes in Kuala Lumpur (historical city centre, map data, large time span) and Windhoek (entire cityscape, newspaper reports, short time span). Our analysis establishes a notion of how the cityscape as a complex sociosymbolic text is being constantly rewritten by its actors. We find different motives attached to such processes of cultural representation, including national identity building and ideological consolidation of the cityscape.

scholarly journals Preparations of Dutch emergency departments for the COVID-19 pandemic: a questionnaire-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory D O’Connor ◽  
Dennis G Barten ◽  
Gideon HP Latten
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Staff Protection ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractBackgroundThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by rapidly increasing patient volumes, which necessitated a swift emergency department (ED) overhaul. Challenges mainly concerned surge capacity, frontline staff protection and the segregation of patients with suspected COVID-19. To date, only few studies have assessed nation-wide ED preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to form an overview of preparations that were taken in Dutch EDs during the initial phase of this public health crisis.MethodsThis study was designed as a nation-wide, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study among Dutch hospital organizations with ≥1 ED. The questionnaire was conducted between the first and the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands and contained close-ended and open-ended questions on changes in ED infrastructure, ED workforce adaptions and the role of emergency physicians (EPs) in the hospital’s crisis organization.ResultsOverall response rate was 79.5%. All EDs had made preparations in anticipation of a possible COVID-19 surge. Treatment capacity was expanded in 69.7% of EDs, with a median increase of 49% (IQR 32.5–72.7%). COVID-19 suspected patients were segregated from non-COVID-19 patients in 86.4% of EDs. Non-COVID-19 patients were more often assessed at alternative locations than patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. In 81.8% of EDs the workforce was expanded, which mainly concerned expansion of nursing staff. A formal role of EPs in the hospital’s crisis organization was reported by 93.9% of EP staffed hospital organizations.ConclusionAll Dutch EDs made preparations for COVID-19 in a short time span and with many uncertainties. Preparations predominantly concerned expansion of treatment capacity and segregation of COVID-19 ED care. EPs had a prominent role, both in direct patient COVID-19 ED care and in the hospitals’ crisis organizations. Although it is vital for EDs to be able to dynamically adapt to community needs, variability of pandemic ED preparedness was high.

scholarly journals Role of tolerance in the transnational companies’ management system

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Inna Yatskevych ◽  
Nataliia Krasnostanova
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Transnational Companies

The relevance of the research topic is explained by the rapid development of integration processes, the formation of a global economic space, which led to the intensive development of multinational companies. In these conditions, the issue of the role of tolerance in the management system of multinational companies is becoming relevant. Formulation of the problem.  New opportunities associated with the formation of the main aspects of tolerance in the management system of multinational companies and draw certain conclusions. Analysis of recent research and publications. The study of certain aspects regarding the functioning and development of multinational companies was covered in the works of such authors as Krivov'yazyuk I., Mekshun P., Melnichuk V., Mikaelyan S., Penska I., Skavronsky I., Terekhov E., Chumak N. and others. A great contribution to the study of issues on tolerance was made by such scientists as Y. Arabchuk, O. Orlovskaya, M. Pirenn and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. In favorable conditions for the formation and development of multinational companies, the issue of tolerance in the management system of companies, which is most conducive to resolving a number of conflicts, remains unaddressed. Problem statement, research objectives. The aim of the study is to study the main aspects of tolerance in the management system of multinational companies and draw certain conclusions. The method or methodology of the study. In the work, general scientific methods were used: dialectic, system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical and economic methods, generalization. Statement of the main material (results of work). The article indicates the role of transnational companies in modern conditions and determines that in the formation and development of these companies, tolerance acquires special meaning in the management system. The main directions of the problems of interethnic relations are systematized and their solutions are recommended by regulating the professional activities of employees of transnational companies. The significance of the “tolerance corridor” in the management system of multinational companies is determined. Scope of the results. The conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational process of the economic faculties of higher educational institutions. At the same time, the results of the work can be used in the formation of the management system in multinational companies and in the process of professional training of company employees. Conclusions are consistent with the article. Based on the study of the role of tolerance in the management system of multinational companies in the modern conditions of development of Ukraine, the result is that tolerance should be based on professional training of company employees, which is formed on the basis of the tolerance corridor.

scholarly journals Absent Patriarchs and Persuasive Enforcers of the Future Nation: A Contextualized Reading of American Wartime Fathers in Walt Disney’s Pinocchio, Dumbo and Bambi

Animation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Aino AT Isojärvi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Time Span ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Second World

This article discusses the portrayal of fatherhood and paternity in Walt Disney’s benchmark features Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo (1941) and Bambi (1942) through a contextualized historical and cultural analysis. The author aims to provide a coherent study of how the father figure is constructed in each of these films and why the tone of this presentation varies considerably within the short time span between the theatrical releases. The article proceeds to demonstrate how, with their prominent father characters, these features exhibit metaphorically the transitional and challenged sentiments regarding fatherhood and masculinity in early 1940s America. The immense societal crises, the Great Depression and the Second World War, destabilized prevalent gender roles and, as a response, sparked ideologically charged discourses that were pretentiously spread in contemporary mainstream film, and which sought to restore the former patriarchal order. This article intends to discover to what extent the Disney studio participated in these popular discourses or used them for its own interests. Finally, the article investigates how these films contribute to the construction and understanding of ‘reality’ of this past and the role of fathers within it.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence on spatio-temporal data to generate insights during COVID-19 pandemic: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gihan Jayatilaka ◽  
Jameel Hassan ◽  
Umar Marikkar ◽  
Rumali Perera ◽  
Suren Sritharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Temporal Modeling ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Short Time

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, within a short time span, has had a significant impact on every aspect of life in almost every country on the planet. As it evolved from a local epidemic isolated to certain regions of China, to the deadliest pandemic since the influenza outbreak of 1918, scientists all over the world have only amplified their efforts to combat it. In that battle, Artificial Intelligence, or AI, with its wide ranging capabilities and versatility, has played a vital role and thus has had a sizable impact. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the use of AI techniques for spatio-temporal modeling and forecasting and impact modeling on diverse populations as it relates to COVID-19. Furthermore, we catalogue the articles in these areas based on spatio-temporal modeling, intrinsic parameters, extrinsic parameters, dynamic parameters and multivariate inputs (to ascertain the penetration of AI usage in each sub area). The manner in which AI is used and the associated techniques utilized vary for each body of work. Majority of articles use deep learning models, compartment models, stochastic methods and numerous statistical methods. We conclude by listing potential paths of research for which AI based techniques can be used for greater impact in tackling the pandemic.

scholarly journals Cohort Differences in Swedish Union Membership 1956–2019 and the Role of Individualization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Vestin ◽  
Patrik Vulkan
Keyword(s):  
Union Membership ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Separate Cohort

Discussions of the role of cohort differences have long been part of academic research on union membership, with a central hypothesis being that the general decline in unionization is caused by changes toward more individualistic values in the younger generations. However, the short time span of most studies makes it uncertain if they can separate cohort effects from age effects. Using survey data going back to 1956, we test the individualization hypothesis. Our main result is that later Swedish cohorts are indeed less prone to join unions. In particular, the differences between cohorts born before and after ca 1970 are striking. We also provide evidence that the erosion in union membership in Sweden is not related to changes toward more individualistic values in later cohorts, or even to more negative views of unions per se.

The Role of Children in the Revival of Hebrew

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Yael Reshef
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Language Emergence ◽  
Short Time

This chapter discusses the role played by the first generation of Hebrew-speaking children in the emergence processes of Modern Hebrew. As the education system was a major agent in the dissemination of Hebrew speech, the first section is dedicated to a detailed survey of the development of Hebrew education in Palestine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Next, the sociolinguistic aspects of speech revival are discussed, with particular reference to the crucial contribution of the introduction of preschool education in Hebrew. Finally, the chapter analyzes linguistic aspects of the process; it is suggested that insights gained from some well-studied cases of language emergence presented in the linguistic literature may be used to explain how a distinct, relatively uniform native variety emerged in Hebrew within a very short time span.

scholarly journals Stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> changes during 2001–2010: the small role of solar flux variations in a CTM

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 12263-12286
Author(s):  
S. S. Dhomse ◽  
M. P. Chipperfield ◽  
W. Feng ◽  
W. T. Ball ◽  
Y. C. Unruh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Stratospheric Dynamics ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Short Time

Abstract. Solar spectral fluxes (or irradiance) measured by the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) show different variability at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths compared to other irradiance measurements and models (e.g. NRL-SSI, SATIRE-S). Some modelling studies have suggested that stratospheric/lower mesospheric O3 changes during solar cycle 23 (1996–2008) can only be reproduced if SORCE solar fluxes are used. We have used a 3-D chemical transport model (CTM), forced by meteorology from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), to simulate middle atmospheric O3 using three different solar flux datasets (SORCE, NRL-SSI and SATIRE-S). Simulated O3 changes are compared with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite data. Modelled O3 anomalies from all solar flux datasets show good agreement with the observations, despite the different flux variations. The off-line CTM reproduces these changes through dynamical information contained in the analyses. A notable feature during this period is a robust positive solar signal in the tropical middle stratosphere due to changes in stratospheric dynamics. Ozone changes in the lower mesosphere cannot be used to discriminate between solar flux datasets due to large uncertainties and the short time span of the observations. Overall this study suggests that, in a CTM, the UV variations detected by SORCE are not necessary to reproduce observed stratospheric O3 changes during 2001–2010.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

Energy Efficiency Analysis in ERA using NFL-BA Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Palky Mehta ◽  
H. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Head ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In the current scenario of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), power consumption is the major issue associated with nodes in WSN. LEACH technique plays a vital role of clustering in WSN and reduces the energy usage effectively. But LEACH has its own limitation in order to search cluster head nodes which are randomly distributed over the network. In this paper, ERA-NFL- BA algorithm is being proposed for selects the cluster heads in WSN. This algorithm help in selection of cluster heads can freely transform from global search to local search. At the end, a comparison has been done with earlier researcher using protocol ERA-NFL, which clearly shown that proposed Algorithm is best suited and from comparison results that ERA-NFL-BA has given better performance.

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