Molecular versus morphological approaches to diet analysis of the caracal (Caracal caracal)

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-592
Author(s):  
Sogol Momeni ◽  
Mansoureh Malekian ◽  
Mahmoud-Reza Hemami
Keyword(s):  
Base Pair ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Valuable Complement ◽  
Pair Fragment

Abstract Diet analysis is an essential part in understanding the biology of a species and functioning of ecosystems. Traditional morphological identification of undigested remains in the scats and molecular analyses of prey species’ DNA have previously been used to assess diet. In the present study, caracal diet in the Abbasabad Wildlife Refuge, Central Iran, was investigated using both molecular and morphological methods. We collected 22 scat samples from caracal dens in the region. Feces were washed on sieves and their remaining components were morphologically identified. We also targeted a 307-base pair fragment of the cytochrome b gene to amplify and sequence the species’ DNA. Morphological analyses revealed that 76% of the diet comprised rodent species. We identified a total of nine prey taxa using the molecular method, including six rodents, one hare, one hedgehog and one wild goat. There was a general agreement between the molecular and morphological results; however, molecular methods tended to allow a better identification of the prey species. Therefore, the DNA-based approach acts as a valuable complement to current morphological methods in the study of a rare felid’s diet when no hair reference library exists.

Two systems of glucose repression of the GAL1 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 4757-4769
Author(s):  
J S Flick ◽  
M Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Gal1 Promoter ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Common Signal ◽  
Multiple Sequences ◽  
Pair Fragment ◽  
Gal1 Gene

Expression of the GAL1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is strongly repressed by growth on glucose. We show that two sites within the GAL1 promoter mediate glucose repression. First, glucose inhibits transcription activation by GAL4 protein through UASG. Second, a promoter element, termed URSG, confers glucose repression independently of GAL4. We have localized the URSG sequences responsible for glucose repression to an 87-base-pair fragment located between UASG and the TATA box. Promoters deleted for small (20-base-pair) segments that span this sequence are still subject to glucose repression, suggesting that there are multiple sequences within this region that confer repression. Extended deletions across this region confirm that it contains at least two and possibly three URSG elements. To identify the gene products that confer repression upon UASG and URSG, we have analyzed glucose repression mutants and found that the GAL83, REG1, GRR1, and SSN6 genes are required for repression mediated by both UASG and URSG. In contrast, GAL82 and HXK2 are required only for UASG repression. A mutation designated urr1-1 (URSG repression resistant) was identified that specifically relieves URSG repression without affecting UASG repression. In addition, we observed that the SNF1-encoded protein kinase is essential for derepression of both UASG and URSG. We propose that repression of UASG and URSG is mediated by two independent pathways that respond to a common signal generated by growth on glucose.

scholarly journals Characterization of the human p53 gene promoter.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2163-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Tuck ◽  
L Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Base Pair ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Exon 1 ◽  
Pair Fragment

Transcriptional deregulation of the p53 gene may play an important part in the genesis of some tumors. We report here an accurate determination of the transcriptional start sites of the human p53 gene and show that the majority of p53 mRNA molecules do not contain a postulated stem-loop structure at their 5' ends. Recombinant plasmids of the human p53 promoter-leader region fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) were constructed. After transfection into rodent or human cells, a 350-base-pair fragment spanning the promoter region conferred 4% of the CAT activity mediated by the simian virus 40 early promoter/enhancer. We monitored the efficiency with which 15 3' and 5' promoter deletion constructs initiated transcription. Our results show that an 85-base-pair fragment, previously thought to have resided in exon 1, is all that is required for full promoter activity.

scholarly journals Unusual sequence element found at the end of an amplicon.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2636-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Baran ◽  
A Lapidot ◽  
H Manor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Chromosomal Site ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Amplification Process ◽  
Pair Fragment

In a polyomavirus-transformed rat cell line, designated LPT, the polyomavirus DNA is integrated into a single chromosomal site. Treatment of LPT cells with carcinogens induces amplification of the integrated virus DNA and flanking cellular sequences. We show that the amplification is arrested within a specific cell DNA segment that maps 1.3 to 1.85 kilobases beyond one virus-cell DNA junction, defined as the left junction. We also present the sequence of an 897-base-pair fragment spanning the arrest site. This fragment contains an unusual sequence element, which consists of two contiguous components, a potential cruciform with stems of 6 base pairs and a d(G-A)27 X d(T-C)27 tract, and maps 1,497 to 1,564 nucleotides beyond the left junction. The possibility that this unusual sequence plays a role in the arrest of the amplification process is discussed.

Molecular Relationships Within Australasian Waterfowl (Anseriformes)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sraml ◽  
L Christidis ◽  
S Easteal ◽  
P Horn ◽  
C Collet
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Molecular Relationships ◽  
Pair Fragment ◽  
Controversial Nature

Within Australia there are 19 endemic species of Anseriformes. Six of these belong to monotypic genera, some of which remain controversial with respect to phylogenetic relationships. Sequence variation in a 307-base pair fragment of the cytochrome-b gene was compared from 23 species of waterfowl (the Cairina sequence was obtained from the literature) to elucidate further the relationships of these monotypic Australian genera. Anseranas and Dendrocygna were identified as the earliest diverged genera among the taxa examined. The remaining genera fell into two groups: (1) Tadorna, Alopochen, Chenonetta, Anas, Aythya, Cairina and Air and (2) Cygnus, Branta, Cereopsis, Biziura, Oxyura, Malacorhynchus, Stictonetta and Nettapus. The controversial nature of the last group is discussed.

scholarly journals Distribution of sequences common to the 25–28S-ribonucleic acid genes of Xenopus laevis and Neurospora crassa

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Cox ◽  
R D Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Bacteriophage Lambda ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Recombinant Phage ◽  
Conserved Sequences ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Pair Fragment

The extent of homology between the nucleotide sequence of L-rRNA (the major RNA component of the larger ribosomal subparticle) of a lower eukaryote (Neurospora crassa) and an amphibian (Xenopus laevis) was investigated by utilizing rDNA (DNA coding for rRNA) of X. laevis cloned in plasmids pMB9 and pML2, and rDNA of N. crassa cloned in bacteriophage lambda. Hybridization studies revealed that sequences common to both N. crassa and X. laevis L-rRNA comprise a total of approx. 1050 /+- 200 nucleotides. The thermal stability of the X. laevis rDNA.N. crassa L-rRNA hybrid was 5 degrees C lower than that of the X. laevis rDNA.X. laevis L-rRNA duplex, indicating the presence of fewer than 10% mismatches in homologous sequences. X. laevis rDNA was analysed by means of restriction endonucleases and hybridization with 125I-labelled N. crassa L-rRNA. Most (at least 95%) of the conserved sequences were present in a 3000-base-pair fragment produced by restriction with endonucleases HindIII and BamHI. This fragment, which includes the 3′-OH terminus of the L-rRNA-coding region, was used as an adaptor in the construction of a bacteriophage-lambda recombinant. One section of the recombinant phage terminating in a HindIII-specific site was obtained from bacteriophage lambda plac5 (after restriction with endonuclease HindIII). A second section terminating in a BamHi-specific site was obtained from bacteriophage lambda 540 (after restriction with endonuclease BamHI). These two parts were joined by means of the X. laevis rDNA fragment. Further analysis of cloned rDNA by means of restriction endonucleases confirmed that conserved sequences were widely distributed throughout the 3000-base-pair fragment produced by HindIII and BamHi endonucleases. A 3400-base-pair fragment of N. crassa rDNA cloned in a bacteriophage lambda [Cox & Peden (1979) Mol. Gen. Genet. 174, 17–24] was restricted with endonucleases. The products were hybridized with 125I-labelled X. laevis L-rRNA. Conserved sequences were shown to be distributed over a range of approx. 1600–2700 base-pairs. Hence, in neither X. laevis nor N. crassa L-rRNA can be conserved sequences from a single block; instead regions of high and low (or no) homology must be intermingled. Both N. crassa rDNA and X. laevis rDNA were found to hybridize with Drosophila melanogaster L-rDNA sequences. Those rDNA fragments with sequences common to X. laevis and N. crassa L-rRNA also hybridized with D. melanogaster L-rRNA probe. Thus the same set of conserved sequences may be present in all three species.

scholarly journals PROFIL GEN GROWTH HORMONE (GH) SAPI HASIL PERSILANGAN MADURA DAN LIMOUSIN DENGAN METODE PCR-RFLP

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Ghea Aquatica Puteri ◽  
Budi Utomo S ◽  
Roesno Darsono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Gene Profile ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Cattle Blood ◽  
Pair Fragment

The purpose of this research was to find out the Growth Hormone (GH) gene profile of the cross breeding between Madura cattle and Limousin cattle (Madrasin). Sampl in the form of cattle blood for this research was obtained from 14 Madrasin cattles in the area of Bangkalan, Madura, East Java. DNA extraction was performed then to provide the result for PCR RFLP, which then indicated that Madrasin cattle’s GH gene profile has 432 base pair fragment length and the RFLP result indicated that Madrasin cattle’s GH genetic was cut off into 180 base pair, 250 base pair, 300 base pair, and 400 base pair. Moreover, there was no V genetic to be found in GH genetic of Madura cattle.

scholarly journals Distribution of a Specific 500-Base-Pair Fragment in Mycobacterium bovis Isolates from Sardinian Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 3837-3839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo A. Sechi ◽  
Ilaria Duprè ◽  
Guido Leori ◽  
Giovanni Fadda ◽  
Stefania Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Pair Fragment

Amplification of a specific, 500-bp fragment fromMycobacterium bovis isolates and use of the fragment to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis andM. bovis was previously reported (J. G. Rodriguez, G. A. Meja, P. Del Portillo, M. E. Patarroyo, and L. A. Murillo, Microbiology 141:2131–2138, 1995). In the present study, 30M. bovis isolates from Sardinian cattle were examined for the presence of this 500-bp fragment; 4 of the 30 isolates lacked the fragment. This result indicates that identification of M. bovis strains by amplification of the 500-bp sequence may lead to false-negative results.

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