Quantitative morphological characters of the skull suggest that Akodon oenos (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) is not a junior synonym of A. spegazzinii

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pablo Jayat ◽  
Pablo E. Ortiz ◽  
Agustina A. Ojeda ◽  
Agustina Novillo ◽  
Pablo Teta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Nominal Form ◽  
Previous Hypothesis ◽  
Skull Measurements

AbstractAkodon oenos, a nominal form with type locality in northern Mendoza province, Argentina, has an intricate taxonomic history. Recently, it was considered a junior synonym of Akodon spegazzinii on the basis of morphological similarities of one individual captured in southern Mendoza with specimens belonging to the type series of A. oenos, plus the genetic similarity of that single specimen with representatives of A. spegazzinii. We compared specimens of the Akodon boliviensis species group recently captured in Mendoza with the type series of A. oenos and series of A. spegazzinii from northwestern Argentina. We conducted an analysis of molecular markers (cytochrome-b gene) and quantitative morphological studies (comparisons of skull measurements). Our results showed that: (1) all sequenced specimens of the A. boliviensis group from Mendoza form a monophyletic clade closely related to A. spegazzinii; (2) contrary to previous hypothesis, specimens of Akodon from Mendoza are morphologically distinctive in size and shape of the skull, from A. spegazzinii; and (3) within the A. boliviensis species group, specimens from Mendoza are distinctive. We argue that the synonymy of A. oenos under A. spegazzinii must await further studies, including molecular markers other than mitochondrial and samples of DNA sequences from topotypical specimens of A. oenos.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships and subgeneric classification of European Ephedrus species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korana Kocić ◽  
Andjeljko Petrović ◽  
Jelisaveta Čkrkić ◽  
Milana Mitrović ◽  
Željko Tomanović
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Species Groups

In this study two molecular markers were used to establish taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Ephedrus subgenera and species distributed in Europe. Fifteen of the nineteen currently known species have been analysed, representing three subgenera: Breviephedrus Gärdenfors, 1986, Lysephedrus Starý, 1958 and Ephedrus Haliday, 1833. The results of analysis of COI and EF1α molecular markers and morphological studies did not support this classification. Three clades separated by the highest genetic distances reported for the subfamily Aphidiinae on intrageneric level. Ephedrus brevis is separated from persicae and plagiator species groups with genetic distances of 19.6 % and 16.3 % respectively, while the distance between persicae and plagiator groups was 20.7 %. These results lead to the conclusion that the traditional subgeneric classification of Ephedrus needs revision. Species from persicae species group are raised to subgenus level as Fovephedrus Chen, 1986 and Lysephedrussyn. nov. is assigned as a junior synonym of subgenus Ephedrus. Key for identification of Ephedrus subgenera is provided. Ephedrus hyadaphidis Kocić & Tomanović sp. nov. is described and several species are confirmed as valid species for the first time. Furthermore, two species are synonymised: E. dysaphidissyn. nov. as a junior synonym of E. cerasicola and E. blattnyisyn. nov. as a junior synonym of E. plagiator.

Baetis majus sp. nov., new species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Far East of Russia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4965 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-557
Author(s):  
TATIANA M. TIUNOVA ◽  
ALEXANDER A. SEMENCHENKO ◽  
XIAOLI TONG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
Differential Identification ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Western Palaearctic

A new species, Baetis majus Tiunova sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on larvae and reared adults discovered in the Russian Far East. The differential identification of this species was determined by the characteristics of other representatives of the genus Baetis Leach, including subgenera Baetis Leach and Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang from Eastern and Western Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. In addition to morphological studies, DNA barcoding of the described species with average intraspecific K2P distances to nearest neighbours is documented. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of all available cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the subgenera of Baetis and Tenuibaetis from four regions. Bayesian analysis using 47 morphological characters additional to partial COI sequences did not allow to determine the species-group of the Baetis genus to which the described species belongs. 

Resurrection of Pilumnus vinaceus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Brachyura: Pilumnidae) using integrative evidence from molecular and morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5047 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Author(s):  
TATIANA MAGALHÃES ◽  
JOÃO A. F. PANTALEÃO ◽  
FERNANDO L. MANTELATTO
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Western Atlantic

The hairy crab Pilumnus vinaceus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, previously considered to be a junior synonym of Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879 by Rathbun (1897) is here resurrected. Pilumnus vinaceus can be distinguished from the known western Atlantic species (including P. dasypodus) based on morphological characters and molecular markers. This action increases number of reported species of Pilumnus in the western Atlantic to nineteen.  

Monophyly of Verbascum (Scrophularieae : Scrophulariaceae): evidence from nuclear and plastid phylogenetic analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrokh Ghahremaninejad ◽  
Mehrshid Riahi ◽  
Melina Babaei ◽  
Faride Attar ◽  
Lütfi Behçet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Estimation

Verbascum is one of the main genera of Scrophulariaceae, but delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of this genus are unclear and have not yet been studied using DNA sequences. Here, using four selected molecular markers (nrDNA ITS and the plastid spacers trnS/G, psbA-trnH and trnY/T), we present a phylogeny of Verbascum and test previous infrageneric taxonomic hypotheses as well as its monophyly with respect to Scrophularia. We additionally discuss morphological variation and the utility of morphological characters as predictors of phylogenetic relationships. Our results show that while molecular data unambiguously support the circumscription of Verbascum inferred from morphology, they prove to be of limited utility in resolving infrageneric relationships, suggesting that Verbascum ‘s high species diversity is due to rapid and recent radiation. Our work provides phylogenetic estimation of the genus Verbascum using molecular data and can serve as a starting point for future investigations of Verbascum and relatives.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIO RENATO BORGES ◽  
ORLANDO NECCHI JR
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Sem Analyses

South American studies on the genus Chara are relatively scarce, most consisting of floristic surveys and using only traditional morphological characters. This study is a first approach to the systematics of the genus Chara applying modern techniques (DNA sequences and oospore SEM analyses) in addition to the alpha-taxonomy investigations that have been conducted in Brazil. Twelve populations of Chara were analyzed from the midwest and southeast regions of Brazil. Sequences of three molecular markers were applied to infer phylogenies. The ultrastructure of the oospore wall and currently used morphological characters were analyzed for Chara populations. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of sequences of rbcL, ITS2, and matK were congruent in that they grouped the species in six clades, each representing one species: Chara braunii C.C. Gmelin, C. foliolosa C.L.Willdenow, C. guairensis R.Bicudo, C. haitensis M.P.J.F. Turpin, C. hydropitys H. Reichenbach and C. rusbyana M. Howe. Morphological characters, including ultrastructure of oospore wall, provided good evidences to characterize each species. Molecular data supported the recent view that some traditional infra-generic taxa (e.g. subgenus Charopsis and subsection Willdenowia) are not supported in phylogenetic analyses, whereas some species (e.g. C. foliolosa, C. haitensis, C. hydropitys and C. rusbyana previously considered as varieties and forms of C. zeylanica) were consistently distinguished in the analyses for the three molecular markers.

Conflict and congruence between morphological and molecular data: revision of the Merodon constans group (Diptera : Syrphidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Vujić ◽  
Snežana Radenković ◽  
Laura Likov ◽  
Andrijana Andrić ◽  
Marina Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Revision

We revise the Merodon constans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), provide morphological diagnosesand descriptions, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion on the different taxonomic characters used. In total, 15 species were studied, their geographic distributions are presented on maps, and nine new species are described. Two species are redefined and neotypes are designated, lectotypes are designated for five species, and onespeciesis reinstated as valid. Following a detailed study of type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised and three new synonymies are proposed. The M. constans species group was resolved as being monophyletic within the M. albifrons lineage based on molecular analyses using COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Three species morphologically similar to M. constans (Rossi, 1794) but occurring outside its distributional rangewere supported as being valid and distinct species on the basis of molecular data, but they were not distinguishable based on morphological characters. By contrast, continental populations of M. analis Meigen, 1822 could not be separated from Mediterranean M. constans based on differences in COI or 28S rRNA genes. The same molecular markers could not discriminate between two other species pairs. We conclude that these molecular markers only partially resolve species within the M. constans group. Geometric morphometry of wing shape successfully separated M. analis and M. constans, as well as M. spineus Vujić, Šašić Zorić & Likov, sp. nov. in both species and population analyses.

Molecular and morphological studies identify a new genus within the Heterolepismatinae (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5030 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-118
Author(s):  
GRAEME B. SMITH ◽  
ANDREW MITCHELL ◽  
RAFAEL MOLERO-BALTANÁS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Molecular studies using COI and 28S sequence data strongly identify a clade within the Heterolepismatinae distinct from the majority of species so far sequenced. The independence of the clade is supported by several morphological characters including a glabrous anterior margin to the frons, large trapezoidal thoracic sternites, tarsal trichobothria, long, conical parameres which in some species consist of two segments, and the presence of triangular or rounded subrectangular scales on the femora, tibia and clypeus. This clade is described as a new genus Visma n. gen. containing ten new species V. advenum n. sp., V. bingara n. sp., V. brayi n. sp., V. bundjalung n. sp., V. brigalowsum n. sp., V. capricornia n. sp., V. pallidum n. sp., V. powellheueri n. sp., V. tenebrosum n. sp. and V. xanthorrhoea n. sp.. Heterolepisma stilivarians Silvestri, 1908 is redescribed from the holotype and transferred to the new genus. The remaining H. stilivarians type series is found to be different to the holotype and removed from the type series. It is considered possible that H. annectens Silvestri, 1924 may also belong to this genus. Scanning electron microscopy of scale shape and rib-spacing is shown to be a useful tool to separate at least some species of the genus and considered to have greater potential if well preserved material is available.  

scholarly journals Scapulaseius asiaticus (Evans) and S. reptans (Blommers) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae): one or two species?

Acarologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-757
Author(s):  
Serge Kreiter ◽  
Francisco Ferragut
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Type Series

We compare morphometric measurements and other characteristics of females and males of Scapulaseius asiaticus (Evans) and S. reptans (Blommers) collected in various countries and already published, with new morphometric measurements and character states of specimens of the type series of both species and additional materials. The aim is to establish definitively whether both species are synonyms or not, following the doubt on the taxonomic status of the former and the hypothesis formulated by both authors in previous papers concerning Mauritius phytoseiid fauna. Setal and shield measurements were similar between species and other morphological characters used before to separate both taxa, like the position of setae R1, showed a wide intraspecific variability. We conclude that the two forms are conspecific and, therefore, S. reptans is designated a junior synonym of S. asiaticus.

Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5079 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
KOHEI TAKENAKA TAKANO ◽  
JIAN-JUN GAO ◽  
YAO-GUANG HU ◽  
NAN-NAN LI ◽  
MASAKO YAFUSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Flower Breeding ◽  
Three New Species

The phylogeny of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group is reconstructed as a hypothesis, based on DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and six nuclear genes and 51 morphological characters. The resulting tree splits this species group into two clades, one of which corresponds to the colocasiae subgroup. Therefore, a new species subgroup named as the cristata subgroup is established for the other clade. Within the cristata subgroup, three subclades are recognized and each of them is defined as a species complex: the cristata complex composed of five species (including three new ones: C. kinabaluana sp. nov., C. kotana sp. nov. and C. matthewsi sp. nov.), the sabahana complex of two species (C. sabahana sp. nov. and C. sarawakana sp. nov.), and the xenalocasiae complex of five species (including C. sumatrana sp. nov. and C. leucocasiae sp. nov.). There are, however, three new species (C. ecornuta sp. nov., C. grandis sp. nov. and C. vieti sp. nov.) not assigned to any species complex. In addition, breeding habits are described for four cristata-subgroup species, each of which monopolizes its specific host plant. And, data of host-plant use are compiled for all species of the cristata group from records at various localities in the Oriental and Papuan regions. The evolution of host-plant selection and sharing modes is considered by mapping host-plant genera of each species on the phylogenetic tree resulting from the present study.

scholarly journals Hypotheses from mitochondrial DNA: congruence and conflict between DNA sequences and morphology in Dolichopodinae systematics (Diptera:Dolichopodidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Pollet ◽  
Christoph Germann ◽  
Samuel Tanner ◽  
Marco Valerio Bernasconi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Species Groups

The molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Dolichopodinae (Diptera : Dolichopodidae) is reconstructed based on 79 species of 7 dolichopodine genera as ingroup, and 10 non-dolichopodine species from different genera as outgroup. A Bayesian analysis based on a mitochondrial DNA dataset consisting of 1702 characters (COI : 810; 12S : 366; 16S : 526) was carried out. Genital and non-genital morphological characters from a hitherto unpublished data matrix (based on 57 Dolichopodidae species) were used to explain and support the lineages hypothesised by our molecular phylogenetic analysis. The monophyly of the subfamily Dolichopodinae, and of the genera Dolichopus and Gymnopternus, was confirmed. The molecular analysis yielded nine species groups in Dolichopus that were proposed in previous studies using COI and Cyt-b. No evidence was found to support a clade including Dolichopus, Ethiromyia, and Gymnopternus. The genus Hercostomus proved polyphyletic with respect to Poecilobothrus, Sybistroma, and Gymnopternus. The following lineages were represented by strongly supported clades: Hercostomus germanus species group, H. vivax species group, H. nigrilamellatus species group, H. plagiatus species group, H. longiventris species group, H. fulvicaudis species group, and Poecilobothrus, Gymnopternus, Tachytrechus and Sybistroma (including Hercostomus nanus and H. parvilamellatus). Two clades that were previously established on the basis of morphology were confirmed in our phylogenetic analysis: (i) Poecilobothrus and the flower-feeding Hercostomus germanus species group, and (ii) the H. longiventris lineage and Sybistroma. In most cases, the groups identified in the molecular analysis could be supported and explained by morphological characters. Species of the Hercostomus germanus species group, Poecilobothrus, the Hercostomus longiventris species group, and a Sybistroma subclade have a similar microhabitat affinity.

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