scholarly journals Is cognitive processing affected in adults with hypospadias?: P300 study

Open Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Tekeli ◽  
Hasan Koçoğlu ◽  
Cabir Alan ◽  
Mustafa Emir Tavşanlı ◽  
Halit Yaşar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractBackground: Hypospadias is a common urogenital system disorder. The frenulum, which is the most sensitive area of the glans penis, is not present in patients with hypospadias. This may lead to a failure in sexual and ejaculatory function, and cause emotional problems affecting cognitive processes.Aim: We aimed to study auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP) in patients with hypospadias to understand the status of cognitive function.Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with hypospadias who presented to the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Çanakkale Military Hospital, and 11 healthy individuals of similar age were chosen. The auditory oddball paradigm with ERP from the Cz and Fz head regions were studied. The latency and amplitude of the P300 wave were measured.Results: Both, the study and control groups consisted of young males. Although the study group had a longer P300 latency and lower P300 amplitude when compared to control group, the results were not statistically significant (p: 0.059 and 0.346 respectively).Conclusion: Although the results are not statistically significant, our findings indicate that there may be cognitive changes in patients with hypospadias. Further studies of larger sample size and older patient cohorts are needed.

Inter- and Intra-hemispheric Processing of Visual Event-related Potentials in the Absence of the Corpus Callosum

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Bayard ◽  
Nadia Gosselin ◽  
Manon Robert ◽  
Maryse Lassonde
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Related Potentials

Interhemispheric differences of the N100 latency in visual evoked potentials have been used to estimate interhemispheric transfer time (e.g., Saron & Davidson, 1989). Recent work has also suggested that the P300 component could reflect the efficacy of interhemispheric transmission (Polich & Hoffman, 1998). The purpose of the present study was to study the differential role of the corpus callosum (CC) and anterior commissure (AC) in the interhemispheric propagation of these two electrophysiological components. Thus, the amplitude and latency distribution of the N100 and P300 components were analyzed using high-density electrical mapping in a subject with agenesis of CC but preservation of AC, a subject with agenesis of both CC and AC, and 10 neurologically intact control subjects. The task consisted of a modified visual oddball paradigm comprising one frequent and two rare stimuli, one presented on the same and the other on the opposite side of the frequent stimulus. Interhemispheric differences in latency were found for the N100 component in controls. However, in the acallosal subjects, this component was not identifiable in the indirectly stimulated hemisphere. In controls, no interhemispheric differences were observed in the distribution of the P300 latency and amplitude to rare and frequent stimuli. The distribution of the P300 amplitude in the acallosal subject with an AC was identical to that of the controls, whereas in the acallosal subject lacking the AC, the amplitude was greater in the hemisphere receiving the frequent stimuli, regardless of the visual hemifield in which the rare stimuli were presented. In both acallosal subjects, hemispheric differences in the P300 latency were observed, the latencies being shorter in the hemisphere directly stimulated for all categories of stimuli. These results suggest that the interhemispheric transfer of both the N100 and P300 components relies on the integrity of cortical commissures. Possible P300 generator sources are discussed.

scholarly journals Topographic Mapping of P300 and Frontal Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Iijima ◽  
Mikio Osawa ◽  
Makoto Iwata ◽  
Akiko Miyazaki ◽  
Hideaki Tei
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Related Potentials

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between P300 that is one of the event-related potentials and frontal cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) without clinically apparent dementia.Subjects were 20 PD cases 48 to 79 years of age, all of whom were within normal limits on the Mini-Mental State examination, and 55 age-matched healthy adults.P300 was elicited with an auditory oddball paradigm and recorded at 15 sites on the scalp. Cognitive functioning of the frontal lobe was evaluated using the New Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Letter Pick-Out Test (LPOT) which reflects selective attention and semantic categorization.P300 latency was delayed in 30.0% of P300 demonstrated abnormal distribution in 20.0%. the WCST and the LPOT were abnormal in 15.0%, P300 latency significantly correlated with number of subcategories achieved on the WCST. P300 amplitude correlated with scores on the LPOT. These results suggest that cognitive dysfunction which linked partly to the frontal lobe might begin in PD even without clinically apparent dementia.

Cognitive Psychophysiological Substrates of Affective Temperaments

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burç Çağrı Poyraz ◽  
Ayşe Sakallı Kani ◽  
Cana Aksoy Poyraz ◽  
Tuba Öcek Baş ◽  
Mehmet Kemal Arıkan
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
Related Potentials

Affective temperaments are the subclinical manifestations or phenotypes of mood states and hypothetically represent one healthy end of the mood disorder spectrum. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the neurobiological basis of affective temperaments. One fundamental aspect of temperament is the behavioral reactivity to environmental stimuli, which can be effectively evaluated by use of cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting the diversity of information processing. The aim of the present study is to explore the associations between P300 and the affective temperamental traits in healthy individuals. We recorded the P300 ERP waves using an auditory oddball paradigm in 50 medical student volunteers (23 females, 27 males). Participants’ affective temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego–auto questionnaire version (TEMPS-A). In bivariate analyses, depressive temperament score was significantly correlated with P300 latency ( rs = 0.37, P < .01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, P300 latency showed a significant positive correlation with scores of depressive temperament (β = 0.40, P < .01) and a significant negative one with scores of cyclothymic temperament (β = −0.29, P = .03). Affective temperament scores were not associated with P300 amplitude and reaction times. These results indicate that affective temperaments are related to information processing in the brain. Depressive temperament may be characterized by decreased physiological arousal and slower information processing, while the opposite was observed for cyclothymic temperament.

Effects of Stimulus Level on Cortical Auditory Event-Related Potentials Evoked by Speech

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela C. Garinis ◽  
Barbara K. Cone-Wesson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Level ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Active Listening ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Event ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Event Related Potentials

The effect of stimulus level on cortical auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by consonant-vowel (CV) contrasts, /ta/, /da/, and /sa/, was investigated. The lowest level at which CVs were discriminated with >95% accuracy was determined for 15 normally hearing adults. ERPs were obtained at 0, 20, and 40 dB SL above this level during active listening. ERP latencies decreased as level increased. P300 amplitude did not vary with CV level or type; however, obligatory ERPs decreased in amplitude as level increased. The effect of level on P300 latency is likely related to the cognitive processing speed needed to perform speech discrimination. Obligatory ERP amplitude results suggest that attention demands vary with level during discrimination of speech features. Se investigó el efecto del nivel del estímulo en potenciales auditivos corticales relacionados con el evento (ERP) evocados por contrastes consonante-vocal (CV), /ta/, /da/ y /sa/. Se determinó en 15 adultos normoyentes el nivel menor al que se discriminaron los CV con > 95% de exactitud. Los ERP fueron obtenidos a 0, 20 y 40 dB SL por encima de este nivel durante audición activa. Las latencias de los ERP disminuyeron conforme los niveles aumentaron. La amplitud de la P300 no varió con el nivel o el tipo de los CV; sin embargo, las amplitudes siempre bajaron conforme subió el nivel. El efecto del nivel sobre las P300 parece estar relacionado con la velocidad de procesamiento cognitivo necesaria para realizar discriminación del lenguaje. Los resultados obligatorios de la amplitud de los ERP sugieren que las demandas de atención varían durante la discriminación de rasgos del lenguaje.

Attentional Bias in Patients with Decompensated Tinnitus: Prima Facie Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Li ◽  
Ruolei Gu ◽  
Xiangli Zeng ◽  
Weifang Zhong ◽  
Min Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

Tinnitus refers to the auditory perception of sound in the absence of external sound or electric stimuli. The influence of tinnitus on cognitive processing is at the cutting edge of ongoing tinnitus research. In this study, we adopted an objective indicator of attentional processing, i.e. the mismatch negativity (MMN), to assess the attentional bias in patients with decompensated tinnitus. Three kinds of pure tones, D1 (8,000 Hz), S (8,500 Hz) and D2 (9,000 Hz), were used to induce event-related potentials (ERPs) in the normal ear. Employing the oddball paradigm, the task was divided into two blocks in which D1 and D2 were set as deviation stimuli, respectively. Only D2 induced a significant MMN in the tinnitus group, while neither D1 nor D2 was able to induce MMN in the control group. In addition, the ERPs in the left hemisphere, which were recorded within the time window of 90-150 ms (ERP90-150 ms), were significantly higher than those in the right hemisphere in the tinnitus group, while no significant difference was observed in the control group. Lastly, the amplitude of ERP90-150 ms in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than that in the control group. These findings suggest that patients with decompensated tinnitus showed automatic processing of acoustic stimuli, thereby indicating that these patients allocated more cognitive resources to acoustic stimulus processing. We suggest that the difficulty in disengaging or facilitated attention of patients might underlie this phenomenon. The limitations of the current study are discussed.

Auditory Event-Related Potentials and Reaction Times in Migraine Children

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Buodo ◽  
D Palomba ◽  
M Sarlo ◽  
C Naccarella ◽  
PA Battistella
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Event ◽  
N100 Amplitude ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Event Related Potentials

Cognitive processing was investigated interictally in 18 children with migraine without aura and 18 age-matched controls by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) during an acoustic oddball paradigm. Results showed that N100 amplitude evoked by frequent stimuli was significantly smaller in patients compared with controls. Habituation of target P300 amplitude was observed in patients but not in controls. Mean RTs were equivalent in the two groups, but migraine children made more errors than controls.

Psychophysiological correlates in male to female transsexuals studied with a P300 investigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PAPAGEORGIOU ◽  
P. PAPAGEORGAKI ◽  
G. TOLIS ◽  
A. D. RABAVILAS ◽  
G. N. CHRISTODOULOU
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Auditory P300 ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Short Memory ◽  
Male To Female

Background. Transsexualism is thought to be related to cortical processes reflecting a complex mosaic of biological, psychological and social/cultural information. Since the P300 component of event-related potentials is considered as an index of attentional processes, the present study focuses on auditory P300 elicited during a short memory test in male to female (MF) transsexuals, compared with that in healthy controls.Method. The P300 component was evaluated during the anticipatory period of a short memory test in 13 MF transsexuals who had a gender reassignment operation, at least 3 years previously (mean time 17·6 years, range 3–31 years) and 26 healthy subjects (11 males and 15 females) matched for age and educational level.Results. MF transsexuals exhibited significant reduction of P300 amplitude in the left frontal and temporoparietal areas in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, the group of transsexuals showed a significant delay of P300 latency in comparison to the controls, at the central frontal region.Conclusions. These findings point to significant psychophysiological alterations of distributed cortical circuits in MF transsexuals. These alterations may be critically related to the biological substrate of MF transsexualism.

EEG Measurement of Emotion Processing in Children with Daytime Urinary Incontinence

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
Justine Niemczyk ◽  
Monika Equit ◽  
Katja Rieck ◽  
Mathias Rubly ◽  
Catharina Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Daytime Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Related Potentials

Abstract. Objective: Daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) is common in childhood. The aim of the study was to neurophysiologically analyse the central emotion processing in children with DUI. Method: In 20 children with DUI (mean age 8.1 years, 55 % male) and 20 controls (mean age 9.1 years, 75 % male) visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded after presenting emotionally valent (80 neutral, 40 positive, and 40 negative) pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) as an oddball-paradigm. All children received a full organic and psychiatric assessment. Results: Children with DUI did not differ significantly from controls regarding responses to emotional pictures in the frontal, central, and parietal regions and in the time intervals 250–450 ms, 450–650 ms, and 650–850 ms after stimulus onset. The patient group had more psychological symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities than the control group. Conclusions: EEG responses to emotional stimuli are not altered in children with DUI. Central emotion processing does not play a major role in DUI. Further research, including a larger sample size, a more homogeneous patient group (regarding subtype of DUI) or brain imaging techniques, could reveal more about the central processing in DUI.

Comparison of attentional resource allocation to threat and selfrelevant information: An event-related potentials study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Yuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attentional Resource ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Information Type

Although previous researchers have shown that attention is preferentially allocated during situations involving both threat and selfrelevant information, it is unclear which information type requires more cognitive resources. We compared the automatic processing of threat and self-relevant stimuli using the no-report oddball paradigm. Participants looked at images on a computer screen that displayed fighting with opponents or interacting with friends or customers. The body action of the person depicted was performed either toward the viewing participant or toward other people. Participants watched without making an explicit response, and event-related potentials were measured with electroencephalography. We found that threat (vs. selfrelevant) information elicited a larger P300 amplitude, and for nonthreatening events the P300 amplitude was larger for self-relevant than other-relevant stimuli. These results indicate that threat (vs. selfrelevant) information demands more cognitive resources, possibly because people prioritize survival.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms for Detecting Early Phase of Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Shashikanta Tarai
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Stroop Tasks

This chapter discusses neurocognitive mechanisms in terms of latency and amplitudes of EEG signals in depression that are presented in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs). Reviewing the available literature on depression, this chapter classifies early P100, ERN, N100, N170, P200, N200, and late P300 ERP components in frontal, mid-frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Using auditory oddball paradigm, most of the studies testing depressive patients have found robust P300 amplitude reduction. Proposing EEG methods and summarizing behavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological findings, this chapter discusses how the different tasks, paradigms, and stimuli contribute to the cohesiveness of neural signatures and psychobiological markers for identifying the patients with depression. Existing research gaps are directed to conduct ERP studies following go/no-go, flanker interference, and Stroop tasks on global and local attentional stimuli associated with happy and sad emotions to examine anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) dysfunction in depression.

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