scholarly journals Macular Retinoschisis and Its Semiotic Importance: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Milena Golubovic ◽  
Bekim Tatesi ◽  
Igor Isjanovski ◽  
Karolina Buzarovska

Abstract Introduction. The concept of retinoschisis means splitting of the layers of neural retina. It can happen equally at the peripheral part of retina, as well as in the region of macula when we talk about macular retinoschisis. Macular retinoschisis appears as one of the characteristics of a few hereditary diseases. According to the ophthalmoscopes’ picture it can easily be mixed with cystoid macular edema. Even though macular changes, in both cases, during time lead to decrease of visual acuity, distinction of macular changes is of semiotic significance in differential diagnosis of retinal diseases, which is important from a broader medical aspect. The aim of this paper is, by presenting a case with a rare hereditary disorder, to show the importance and complementarities of diagnostic methods, especially OCT and its meaning in establishing the correct diagnosis. Case report. The paper presents a patient with macular retinoschisis, as a part of Goldmann-Favre vitreoretinal degeneration. It is a hereditary disorder, which in addition to schisms changes in the macula is characterized by changes in the pigmented epithelium at the medial part of retina. OCT finding in our patient showed cystic hyporeflexive change in the fovea, with palisade oriented smaller hyporeflexive changes, between plexiform layers and in the inner granular layer of the macula. On fluorescein angiography the leakage of the fluorescein in the macular region was absent, but the changes on the level of pigmented epithelium in the area of medial retina were evident. However, perimetry did not show defect in the visual field. Conclusion. Newer diagnostic methods, such as optical coherence tomography, proved their importance in the decision making process and in making the right diagnosis in macular lesions. Beside the fact that the correct diagnosis of the disorder frequently has no importance in the sense of therapeutic possibility of the disease, its value can be seen in proper information of possibility of disease transmission as well as in prediction of affected person’s life perspective, associated with the decrease of visual acuity.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
M. G. Bashlachev ◽  
G. Yu. Evzikov ◽  
V. A. Parfenov ◽  
N. B. Vuitsyk ◽  
F. V. Grebenev

The study objective is to report a case of dynamic neuropathy of the common peroneal nerve at the level of the fibular head and to discuss diagnostic methods and neurosurgical treatment. Materials and methods. We report a case of dynamic neuropathy of the common peroneal nerve at the level of the fibular head in a female patient. The patient was treated in the Neurology Clinic of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. We analyzed clinical manifestations and compared them with the data described in research literature. Results. Upon admission, the patient complained of pain in the anterolateral surface of the right shin and in the dorsum of the foot during walking. At rest, the patient experienced no pain. We observed no motor or sensory disorders typical of nerve root disorders at the level of L5. Lasegue’s test was negative. The patient had a positive Tinel’s sign in the area of the right fibular head. In order to clarify the diagnosis, we performed a repeated extension test in the right ankle joint and it was positive. The patient underwent surgery that included peroneal nerve decompression and neurolysis at the level of the fibular head. In the postoperative period, the patient had complete pain relief. Conclusion. Due to the difficulties in the diagnostics of dynamic neuropathy of the common peroneal nerve, this disease is often mistaken for radiculopathy at the level of L5. Thorough clinical examination, testing for Tinel’s sign in the area of the fibular head, and repeated extension test in the ankle joint ensure the correct diagnosis and reduce the frequency of ineffective surgeries on the lumbar spine. Surgical decompression of the common peroneal nerve at the level of the fibular head with obligatory opening of the entrance to the nerve canal is an effective method of treatment in such patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
M.D. Zvereva ◽  
◽  
S.S. Kanash ◽  
S.I. Petrova ◽  
V.A. Evseev ◽  
...  

Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is challenging because of variable clinical symptoms and no specific signs. We report a case of tuberculous osteomyelitis of the ribs, which demonstrates difficulties associated with the diagnosis of generalized tuberculosis in an 8-year-old child (correct diagnosis was established after 1.3 years). Diagnostic procedures included: Mantoux test, skin test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen, computed tomography, pathomorphological and bacterioscopic testing. The patient presented with disease progression and lesions to the lung tissue, pleura, and ribs and did not respond to antibacterial therapy, hormones, and cytostatics. This required repeated diagnosis revision. The diagnosis of tuberculosis of the right 4th and 5th ribs was confirmed after surgery using bacterioscopic and immunohistochemical examinations. The child received comprehensive treatment in a specialized tuberculosis hospital and had positive dynamics. Despite the correct routing, low suspicion for tuberculosis in primary and secondary healthcare institutions has led to an insufficient use of currently available diagnostic methods and late diagnosis of tuberculosis in a child residing in a megapolis. Key words: generalized tuberculosis, children, tuberculosis of the rib, immunodiagnostics, diagnosis of tuberculosis, immunohistochemistry


2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212090872
Author(s):  
Alvaro Fernández-Vega González ◽  
Carlos Fernández-Vega González ◽  
Beatriz Fernández-Vega Sanz ◽  
María Teresa Peláez ◽  
Jesús Merayo-Lloves

Purpose: To report the clinical findings of a patient who presented with an atypical bilateral fungal retinitis that was established by retinochoroidal biopsy. Methods: Case report. Results: A 56-year-old systemically healthy man presented with progressive visual loss in his left eye for 3 weeks. Visual acuity was 20/40 in the left eye, and 20/20 in the right eye and fundus examination showed macular retinal pigmented epithelium changes in his left eye. Over the following four months, his lesions progressed to serpiginous-like widespread retinal pigmented epithelium atrophy and his visual acuity decreased to 20/100, but no signs of ocular inflammation were found. Treatment with oral corticoids, valganciclovir and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole showed no efficacy. Blood analysis and cultures, laboratory investigations, and imaging tests were carried out looking for infectious and inflammatory diseases, but all tests were negative. Two months later, the patient presented with the same kind of lesions in the other eye (right eye), so he was subjected to retinochoroidal biopsy. Histopathological examination of specimen revealed the presence of intraretinal and choroidal fungal hyphae. Oral voriconazole was initiated achieving clinical remission, but no visual improvement was obtained. The source of the infection remains unknown since all tests results were negative. However, his profession as brewmaster might be related to the origin of the infection. Conclusion: Diagnosis of intraocular fungal infection can be challenging. Retinochoroidal biopsy may be useful to establish the diagnosis in those atypical cases with nonrevealing workup and inflammation localized to the retina.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Sahil Thakur ◽  
Parul Ichhpujani ◽  
Suresh Kumar

Background: Pseudophacocele is a rare complication of blunt trauma in pseudophakic eyes.Case: We present a case of 60-year-old male who presented with pseudophacocele after injury from a bicycle handle. On presentation, visual acuity in the right eye was perception of light (PL) in 2 quadrants (superior and temporal) and left eye was 20/20. A PCIOL was seen superonasally in the right subconjunctival space with total hyphaema. Ultrasound demonstrated vitreous haemorrhage with membranes in right eye. We describe the surgical management and further clinical course of the patient.Conclusion: It is imperative to surgically manage these challenging cases. Despite optimum care visual outcomes are guarded in patients with severe blunt trauma.


2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
AndrewPeter Dekker ◽  
AbdelHamid El-Sawy ◽  
DariusStephen Rejali

The objective of this study was to present an unusual low velocity transorbital penetrating injury. The study design was a clinical record (case report). A 38-year-old gentleman tripped and fell face first onto the wing of an ornamental brass eagle. This penetrated the inferomedial aspect of the right orbit, breaching the lamina papyracea to extend into the ethmoid sinuses and reaching the dura of the anterior cranial fossa. The foreign body was removed in theater under a joint ophthalmology and ENT procedure. The patient was left with reduced visual acuity in the right eye but no other long-term sequelae. Transorbital penetrating injury presents unusual challenges to investigation and management requiring a multidisciplinary approach to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. If managed well the prognosis is good.


Author(s):  
Bernardo Lopes ◽  
Marcella Q Salomão ◽  
Isaac C Ramos ◽  
Fernando Faria-Correia

ABSTRACT To describe a case of very asymmetric ectasia successfully treated by femtosecond laser-assisted intracorneal ring segment implantation, in which the diagnosis of unilateral ectasia in the right eye was based on the clinical findings including history, follow-up, and advanced diagnostic data. The patient's history was positive for ocular allergy with moderate- to-intense eye rubbing only in the right eye. The uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/63 in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in the right eye (-1.75-4.00 × 35°) and 20/16 in the left eye (-0.50-0.25 × 115°). After femtosecond laser-assisted intracorneal ring segment implantation, the right eye improved CDVA to 20/20-1. Concerning ectasia/keratoconus diagnosis, the left eye remained stable over 1 year of follow-up with unremarkable topometric, tomographic, and biomechanical findings. Epithelial thickness mapping by spectral domain optical coherence tomography and very-high-frequency digital ultrasound demonstrated epithelial thickness within normal limits in the left eye. Advanced diagnostic methods along with clinical data enable the distinction from unilateral ectasia cases and subclinical (fruste) keratoconus. Literature review is also performed along with case presentation and discussion. How to cite this article Ramos IC, Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M, Salomão MQ, Lopes B, Luz A, Faria-Correia F, Gatinel D, Belin MW, Ambrósio R Jr. Unilateral Ectasia characterized by Advanced Diagnostic Tests. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):40-51.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
N. V. Maychuk ◽  
I. A. Mushkova ◽  
A. M. Mayorova ◽  
A. A. Shpak

Introduction. Reduced corneal transparency leads to dissipation of energy of the femtosecond laser (FSL), which may complicate the formation of the intrastromal incision and limits the use of FSL in eyes with corneal opacities and scars. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of successful ReLEx SMILE in a patient with superficial corneal opacity located in the paracentral zone. Case report. Patient R., 29 years old, complained of decreased vision in both eyes since childhood. Visual acuity OD = 0.1 sph –2.75D = 1.0; OS = 0.1 sph –3.50 D cyl –0.75D ax 165° = 1.0. Biomicroscopy of the right eye visualized a superficial semi-transparent corneal opacity of 5 x 3 mm located at 5.30–6 hours at a distance of 1.3 mm from the optical center. According to the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) the depth of the opacity was 73–78 microns and was limited by the Bowman’s membrane. ReLEx SMILE for myopia correction was performed on both eyes with 6.7 mm lenticule diameter at a depth of 120 µm, which covered the opacity area by 1.1 mm. The surgery was standard and uncomplicated. Seven days postoperatively the patient did not complain. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 1.0 for both eyes (and binocularly it was 1.2). According to the AS-OCT data, a hyperreflective line of the interface zone was visualized on the right eye at the depth of 141–147 µm; the opacified superficial corneal layers were detected in the lower paracental zone over the interface line. In one month after the surgery the visual acuity did not change: UCVA = 1.0 in both eyes (binocularly 1.2). Conclusion. ReLEx SMILE technology can be considered as one of the options for myopia correction in patients with superficial corneal opacity located in the paracental zone. More observations are required to evaluate the effectiveness of this technology on corneas with paracentral opacities different in sizes and located at different depths.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukjin Kim ◽  
Jeongjae Oh ◽  
Kiseok Kim

The authors present a case of morphologic changes of drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPED) after treating choroidal neovascularization (CNV) using ranibizumab in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A 71-year-old woman has noticed mild visual acuity deterioration in the right eye for several months. She was presented with some drusen and DPED associated with CNV. This patient was given intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg of ranibizumab five times at monthly intervals for treating CNV. DPED in the temporal and drusen in the superior to macula were diminished, which continued up to 2 months. Intravitreal ranibizumab injection may have influenced with diminishment of drusen and DPED. After 2 months, CNV was recurred.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
E. V. Chentsova ◽  
I. B. Alekseeva ◽  
E. N. Verigo ◽  
V. A. Vlasova ◽  
E. V. Fedoseeva ◽  
...  

Open eye injury (OTG), in the structure of eye damage is up to 35.0–85.0 %, the level of disability among the working part of the male population from 26 to 55 years ranges from 25.0–47.5 %, and the removal of the eyeball due to traumatic pathology is 6.5–26.3 % of cases. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the consequences of undiagnosed cases of open injury, successfully treated in the Department of traumatology and reconstructive surgery. Attention is focused on some diagnostic techniques that contribute to the correct diagnosis, especially in undiagnosed and unoperated timely sub — conjunctival sclera ruptures that occur in 1.0–2.6 % of cases of OTG. This pathology leads to the development of severe complications with a persistent decrease in visual functions, detachment of the inner shells, with the formation of staphylomatous, cystic changes, as a rule, along the upper limb in 0.5–1.0 mm from it. There are 3 clinical cases with the description of surgical restoration of the integrity of the scleral capsule in combination with intraocular surgery, which led to good anatomical, cosmetic and functional results. In the first case, the patient with the consequence of injury with wooden shavings 6 months ago was performed a delayed revision of vascular staphyloma after separation of the conjunctiva and plastic defect sclera cadaver scleral flap. Visual acuity of OD increased from 0.4 to 0.8. The second case is the consequences of an open eye injury, dislocation of the lens under the conjunctiva. The patient underwent a delayed revision of the scleral wound with removal of the lens, microinvasive vitrectomy with removal of hemophthalmos, iris plasty and secondary IOL implantation. Visual acuity improved with pr.l.certae up to 0.7. The third case is a patient with the consequences of open trauma, staphyloma vascular, complete coloboma of the iris, traumatic cataract. Were facoaspiration traumatic cataract with IOL implantation and plasticity of the iris, delayed revision of the scleral wound plasty of the defect cadaverous sclera. Visual acuity improved with pr.l.certae to 0.2 n/K. Conclusion. Thus, thanks to the use of clinical and diagnostic methods of research and high-tech surgical technique of treatment, it was possible to achieve optimal anatomical, cosmetic results in patients with long-term consequences of complicated open eye injury. Despite the severe anatomical consequences, good functional results were obtained in all cases. In our opinion, this can be explained by the absence of damage to the choroid during the injury, which, according to the literature, mainly leads to massive bleeding into the inner shells and cavities of the eye, the development of ischemia and is the trigger for the development of vitreoretinal proliferation.


Author(s):  
Kamila Motta Stradiotti ◽  
Felipe Pires de Albuquerque ◽  
Maria Laura Silveira de Castro ◽  
Laiane Milani de Arruda

Introdução: Apendagite epiplóica (AE) é uma causa incomum de dor abdominal causada por alterações inflamatórias e isquêmicas relacionadas à torção ou trombose venosa dos apêndices epiplóicos. Estas estruturas consistem em projeções de tecido adiposo que emergem da superfície serosa do cólon e apêndice cecal, sendo maiores e mais numerosas no cólon descendente e sigmóide. A apendagite epiplóica do apêndice cecal (AEA) é uma forma ainda mais rara de apresentação, tendo poucos casos relatados em literatura. Os sinais e sintomas da AE comumente mimetizam outras causas de abdome agudo, que varia dependendo da sua localização, devendo ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de dor abdominal localizada. O diagnóstico correto é fundamental para evitar gastos e procedimentos desnecessários, pois se trata de uma condição benigna e autolimitada, com tratamento conservador sendo suficiente na grande maioria dos casos. Atualmente a tomografia computadorizada é o método de escolha na avaliação de pacientes com abdome agudo. Objetivo: Relatar um caso raro de dor abdominal aguda causada por apendagite epiplóica do apêndice cecal e a importância do seu diagnóstico correto. Relato do caso: Paciente com quadro de dor abdominal aguda no quadrante inferior direito, afebril e sem outras queixas gastrointestinais associadas. Ao exame físico referiu dor à palpação profunda no quadrante inferior direito. Exames laboratoriais sem alterações. Foram solicitados exames de imagem complementares, evidenciando apêndice cecal nos limites superiores da normalidade, inflamação periapendicular e uma imagem com densidade de gordura adjacente ao apêndice. Os diagnósticos diferenciais foram de apendicite inicial e apendagite epiplóica. Foi realizado tratamento operatório e exame anatomopatológico, que confirmou o diagnóstico de apendagite epiplóica do apêndice cecal. As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com o paciente, registro dos métodos diagnósticos, incluindo exames laboratoriais, exames de imagem como tomografia computadorizada e anatomopatológico, aos quais o paciente foi submetido e uma breve revisão da literatura. Conclusão: Relatamos um caso raro de apendagite epiplóica do apêndice cecal, demonstrando um desafio diagnóstico e a importância dos métodos de imagem. Palavras Chave: Dor abdominal, Abdome agudo, Apêndice cecal, Diagnóstico por imagemABSTRACT: Introduction: Epiploic appendagitis (LA) is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain caused by inflammatory and ischemic changes related to venous torsion or thrombosis of the epiploic appendages. These structures consist of projections of adipose tissue that emerge from the serous surface of the colon and cecal appendix, being larger and more numerous in the descending and sigmoid colon. Epiploic appendagitis of the appendix (EAA) is an even rarer form of presentation, with few cases reported in the literature. The signs and symptoms of EAA commonly mimic other causes of acute abdomen, which varies depending on their location, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of localized abdominal pain. Correct diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary expenses and procedures, as it is a benign and self-limited condition, with conservative treatment being sufficient in the vast majority of cases. Currently, computed tomography is the method of choice in the evaluation of patients with acute abdomen. Objectives: To describe a rare cause of abdominal pain due acute epiploic appendagitis of the appendix and reinforce the importance of the CT to diagnosis this condition and rule out other causes of acute abdominal pain. Case report: Patient with acute abdominal pain in the lower right quadrant, afebrile and without other associated gastrointestinal complaints. On physical examination, she reported pain on deep palpation in the lower right quadrant. Laboratory tests without changes. Complementary imaging exams were requested, showing the appendix at the upper limits of normal, periapendicular inflammation and an image with fat density adjacent to the appendix. The differential diagnoses were of initial appendicitis and epiplatic appendagitis. Operative treatment and anatomopathological examination were performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of appendagitis of the appendix. Information was obtained by reviewing medical records, interviewing the patient, recording diagnostic methods, including laboratory tests, imaging tests such as computed tomography, anatomopathology, and a brief review of the literature. Conclusion: We report a case of acute epiploic appendagitis of the appendix, demonstrating a diagnostic challenge and the importance of imaging methods.Keywords: Abdominal pain; Abdomen, acute; Appendix, Diagnostic imaging


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