COVID-19 and Collective Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Stakeholder Partnerships ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

AbstractThis conceptual article argues that COVID-19 poses myriad global collective action challenges, some of which are easier than others to address. COVID-19 requires numerous distinct activities – e.g., vaccine development, uncovering treatment practices, imposing quarantines, and disease surveillance. The prognosis for effective collective action rests on the underlying aggregator technologies, which indicate how individual contributions determine the amount of a COVID-19 activity that is available for consumption. Best- and better-shot aggregators are more apt to promote desired outcomes than weakest- and weaker-link aggregators. The roles for public policy and important actors (e.g., multi-stakeholder partnerships) in fostering collective action are indicated.

Multi-stakeholder partnerships for transfer of environmentally soundtechnologies

Energy Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlijn Morsink ◽  
Peter S. Hofman ◽  
Jon C. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Partnerships ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Footprints, Fairness, and Collective Harm

2020 ◽  
pp. 377-387
Author(s):  
Anne Schwenkenbecher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Collective Action Problem ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Collective Harm ◽  
Discernible Difference

Abstract This chapter explores the question of whether or not individual agents are under a moral obligation to reduce their ‘antimicrobial footprint’. An agent’s antimicrobial footprint measures the extent to which her actions are causally linked to the use of antibiotics. As such, it is not necessarily a measure of her contribution to antimicrobial resistance. Talking about people’s antimicrobial footprint in a way we talk about our carbon footprint may be helpful for drawing attention to the global effects of individual behaviour and for highlighting that our choices can collectively make a real difference. But can we be morally obligated to make a contribution to resolving a collective action problem when our individual contributions by themselves make no discernible difference? I will focus on two lines of argument in favour of such obligations: whether a failure to reduce one’s antimicrobial footprint is unfair and whether it constitutes wrongdoing because it is harmful. I conclude by suggesting that the argument from collective harm is ultimately more successful.

scholarly journals Barcelona’s science diplomacy: towards an ecosystem-driven internationalization strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Roig ◽  
Jia Liang Sun-Wang ◽  
Juan-Luis Manfredi-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
Internationalization Strategy ◽  
Stakeholder Partnerships ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Internal Stakeholders

Abstract Urban innovation ecosystems are set to play a prominent role in the internationalization and governance of big cities. By harboring solid scientific and technological assets and attracting both human and financial capital, they are best suited to become the pivotal actors of effective multi-stakeholder partnerships between the scientific community, public institutions, the private sector and civil society. In 2018, Barcelona’s knowledge and innovation ecosystem came together to launch a comprehensive diplomatic strategy to put the city’s science and technology at the forefront of global challenges. This paper presents the case study of Barcelona and discuss the opportunities for city-led science diplomacy as a formal, institutionalized practice aimed to reinforcing the insertion of local interests in the international scene while favouring the open interaction between the internal stakeholders involved.

New Modes of Governance and Democratic Accountability

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Héritier ◽  
Dirk Lehmkuhl
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Public Policy Making ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Modes Of Governance ◽  
New Modes Of Governance

AbstractThis article raises the question of the link between new modes of governance and democratic accountability. Our definition of new modes of governance as modes refers to public policy-making that includes private actors and/or public policy-making by public actors that takes place outside legislative arenas, and which focuses on delimited sectoral or functional areas. We identify three different ways in which new modes of governance can be subjected to democratic control: parliamentary control, multi-stakeholder involvement and control through the public sphere and civil society at large. Building on a number of the illustrative insights from various empirical projects, we find that, in our cases at least, new modes of governance did not have a negative effect on existing patterns of democratic accountability. At the same time, neither multi-stakeholder policies nor the participation of civil society guarantee democratic accountability in the strict sense. We provide some evidence to the effect that, if institutionally linked to democratically elected governmental bodies – meaning, in this context, the European Parliament – it is more likely that negative externalities deriving from public policy-making in functionally segmented arenas of the European Union's multilevel polity will be dealt with in a more systematic way.

Living Labs and Urban Smartness

2015 ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Concilio ◽  
Francesco Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
City Life ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
Stakeholder Partnerships ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Urban Living Labs are socio-digital innovation environments in realistic city life conditions based on multi-stakeholder partnerships that effectively involve citizens in the co-creation and co-production of new or reformed public services and infrastructures. This chapter explores the growing phenomenon of Urban Living Labs and analyses the nature of related innovations in the perspective of ‘City Smartness' – a mantra for local governments worldwide which are having to address increasingly complex problems with fast diminishing financial resources. It goes on to briefly overview the urban governance models emerging in such environments and finally focuses on the challenges posed by these models as result of integration between the ‘technology push' Smart City vision and the ‘human pull' Urban Living Lab concept and approach.

scholarly journals Partner Strategic Capabilities for Capturing Value from Sustainability-Focused Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane MacDonald ◽  
Amelia Clarke ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
M. Seitanidi
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Stakeholder Partnerships ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Partner Involvement ◽  
The Relationship

As social and ecological problems escalate, the role of collective capacity and knowledge is becoming more critical in reaching solutions. This capacity and knowledge are dispersed among diverse stakeholder organizations. Thus, organizations in the private, public and civil society sectors are experiencing pressure to address these complex challenges through collaborative action in the form of multi-stakeholder partnerships. One major challenge to securing and maintaining partner engagement in these voluntary collaborative initiatives is defining the value proposition for prospective and existing partner organizations. Understanding the relationship between different forms of partner involvement and the subsequent resources that partners stand to gain is necessary to articulate the value proposition of the partnership to partners. This study conducts a survey of partner organizations from 15 different sustainability-focused multi-stakeholder partnerships in Canada. We compare three partner strategies for implementation and value capture and discover that each strategy is associated with different partner-level resource outcomes. Our findings indicate that product stewardship strategies are associated with financial and organizational capital, marketing and promotion with human capital, and internal implementation structures with shared capital. This study has implications for multi-stakeholder partnership researchers and practitioners because it suggests the possibility that certain partner-level outcomes could rely on the partner, as well as partnership implementation strategies.

scholarly journals 2634. Human Metapneumovirus in a Children’s Hospital: It Should Get More Attention

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S920-S920
Author(s):  
Nellie Said ◽  
Wendi Gornick ◽  
Beth Huff ◽  
Jasjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background Viral respiratory infections are a major cause of hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission to children’s hospitals. Rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are closely tracked due to their known morbidity. We had previously observed over one season that human metapneumovirus (hMPV)-infected children have high rates of hospitalizations and ICU admissions, particularly those with chronic lung disease (CLD). We expanded our data to include an additional 5 seasons to compare rates of hospitalizations and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) due to hMPV, RSV and influenza. Methods During the 2014–2019 winter viral seasons, hMPV, RSV and influenza infections were tracked through both PCR testing (Biofire Respiratory Panel) and DFA testing (D3 Ultra DFA Respiratory Virus Screening & ID Kit; Diagnostic Hybrids). For hMPV admissions, rates of hospitalizations, ICU admissions, HAIs and mortalities were assessed and compared with RSV and influenza admissions. Retrospective data were used to study patients infected with hMPV. Results During the winter seasons of 2014–2019, the rates of hospitalization due to hMPV were significantly higher than both RSV and influenza (Figure 1). ICU admissions and HAIs for hMPV were similar to RSV and influenza (Figures 2 and 3). There were 9 deaths over this time period; 5 due to RSV, 3 due to influenza and 1 due to hMPV. The proportion of deaths due to hMPV compared with RSV and influenza was similar (P = 0.54, 0.89, respectively). Of the 315 total admissions with hMPV, 43 (13.7%) had CLD and 13 (4.1%) were tracheostomy dependent. Among 67 hMPV ICU admissions from 2014–2019, 56 (84%) had an underlying medical diagnosis, 25 (37%) had CLD, 13 (19%) had tracheostomies, and 17 (25%) required mechanical ventilation. The average age of hMPV infected children in our ICU is 4 years 1 month. Conclusion Our large descriptive study of hMPV-infected children over 6 seasons showed higher rates of hospitalization compared with RSV and influenza, similar ICU and HAI rates, and similar rates of mortality. ICU admitted children often had associated co-morbidities, including CLD. Further studies for focused disease surveillance and potential vaccine development for high-risk children are needed. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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