scholarly journals Non-invasive Pregnancy Diagnosis from Urine by the Cuboni Reaction and the Barium Chloride Test in Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kubátová ◽  
T. Fedorova ◽  
I. Skálová ◽  
L. Hyniová
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Barium Chloride Solution ◽  
Veterinary Institute

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate two chemical tests for non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis from urine, the Cuboni reaction and the barium chloride test, in donkeys (Equus asinus) and alpacas (Vicugna pacos). The research was carried out from April 2013 to September 2014. Urine samples were collected on five private Czech farms from 18 jennies and 12 alpaca females. Urine was collected non-invasively into plastic cups fastened on a telescopic rod, at 6-9 week intervals. In total, 60 and 54 urine samples from alpacas and jennies, respectively, were collected. The Cuboni reaction was performed by the State Veterinary Institute Prague. The barium chloride test was done with 5 ml of urine mixed together with 5 ml of 1% barium chloride solution. Results of the Cuboni reaction were strongly influenced by the reproductive status of jennies; the test was 100% successful throughout the second half of pregnancy. However, no relationship was found between the real reproductive status of alpaca females and results of the Cuboni reaction. It was concluded that the barium chloride test is not suitable for pregnancy diagnosis either in donkeys, due to significant influence of season on the results, or in alpacas, because no relationship between results of the test and the reproductive status of alpaca females was found. In conclusion, the Cuboni reaction has potential to become a standard pregnancy diagnostic method in donkeys.

A MICROMETHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE BY FLAME PHOTOMETRY

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
G. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Barium Chloride Solution ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur

A micromethod for the determination of 0.1 to 3.5 μg of sulphate is described. Acidified barium chloride solution is added to samples containing free and esterified sulphate, and the resultant mixtures are dried at 95 °C. Soluble materials are redissolved with a 90% solution of acidified ethanol, 0.1 N for hydrochloric acid, containing 250 μg lithium per milliliter. After addition of the ethanol solution, approximately eight hours are required for the establishment of equilibrium (as indicated by a radiosulphur label) between solid and dissolved barium sulphate. Barium present in solution is then determined quantitatively by flame photometry, with the ethanol–lithium medium increasing the primary emission of the barium by 15 times. The sulphate content of the sample is read from a standard curve. Estimations on microgram quantities of some organic and inorganic sulphur-containing compounds are given.

Collaborative Study of Microchemical Sulfur Determination, Using Oxygen Flask Combustion: THQ Indicator

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Laverne H Scroggins
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Steam Bath ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Barium Chloride Solution ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Sulfur Determination

Abstract A collaborative study was conducted on microchemical sulfur determination by oxygen flask combustion. Seven collaborators performed duplicate determinations on 5 samples: sulf anilamide, benzylisothiourea hydrochloride, cystine, potassium sulfate, and a mixture of potassium sulfate and phosphate. Following oxygen flask combustion, the resultant gases were absorbed in a solution containing 0.1/V NaOH and 30% H2O2. The acidified sample was shaken 30 min and evaporated to dryness on the steam bath; the sulfate was titrated with standard barium chloride solution. The indicator used in this study was tetrahydroxyquinone. Its reliability has been previously proved and adopted by AOAC for use with the Carius-type combustion. Evaluation of the statistical data and overall consideration indicate satisfactory results for all types of compounds studied, with the exception of phosphorus-contaminated samples. Both systematic and random errors for the pure compounds were low. The method has been adopted as official first action.

A MICROMETHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE BY FLAME PHOTOMETRY

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Barium Chloride Solution ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur

A micromethod for the determination of 0.1 to 3.5 μg of sulphate is described. Acidified barium chloride solution is added to samples containing free and esterified sulphate, and the resultant mixtures are dried at 95 °C. Soluble materials are redissolved with a 90% solution of acidified ethanol, 0.1 N for hydrochloric acid, containing 250 μg lithium per milliliter. After addition of the ethanol solution, approximately eight hours are required for the establishment of equilibrium (as indicated by a radiosulphur label) between solid and dissolved barium sulphate. Barium present in solution is then determined quantitatively by flame photometry, with the ethanol–lithium medium increasing the primary emission of the barium by 15 times. The sulphate content of the sample is read from a standard curve. Estimations on microgram quantities of some organic and inorganic sulphur-containing compounds are given.

scholarly journals Rudjer Bošković Institute Radiocarbon Measurements V

Radiocarbon ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Srdoč ◽  
Adela Sliepčevic ◽  
Bogomil Obelic ◽  
Nada Horvatinčic
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Barium Chloride Solution ◽  
Modern Standard

The following list contains dates of samples measured since our previous list (R, 1977, v 19, p 465-475). As before, age calculations are based on the Libby half-life, 5570 ± 30 years, and reported in years before 1950. The modern standard is 0.95 of the activity of NBS oxalic acid. Solid sample pretreatment, combustion and counting technique are essentially the same as described in R, 1971, v 13, p 135-140. Groundwater samples were prepared following the procedure adopted by the IAEA (IAEA, 1977). Carbonates and hydrocarbonates from water samples were precipitated by adding saturated barium chloride solution while the alkalinity was adjusted to pH = 8 by adding carbonate-free saturated solution of sodium hydroxide. The precipitation was enhanced by adding iron salts and Praestol as coagulating medium. Carbon dioxide was evolved by acidification of the precipitate and converted to methane. Statistical processing of data has been computerized (Obelić and Planinić, 1975). Sample descriptions were prepared with collectors and submitters. The errors quoted correspond to 1σ variation of sample net counting rate and do not include the uncertainty in 14C half-life.

scholarly journals A non-invasive method to generate induced pluripotent stem cells from primate urine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Geuder ◽  
Lucas E. Wange ◽  
Aleksandar Janjic ◽  
Jessica Radmer ◽  
Philipp Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Ipscs ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractComparing the molecular and cellular properties among primates is crucial to better understand human evolution and biology. However, it is difficult or ethically impossible to collect matched tissues from many primates, especially during development. An alternative is to model different cell types and their development using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These can be generated from many tissue sources, but non-invasive sampling would decisively broaden the spectrum of non-human primates that can be investigated. Here, we report the generation of primate iPSCs from urine samples. We first validate and optimize the procedure using human urine samples and show that suspension- Sendai Virus transduction of reprogramming factors into urinary cells efficiently generates integration-free iPSCs, which maintain their pluripotency under feeder-free culture conditions. We demonstrate that this method is also applicable to gorilla and orangutan urinary cells isolated from a non-sterile zoo floor. We characterize the urinary cells, iPSCs and derived neural progenitor cells using karyotyping, immunohistochemistry, differentiation assays and RNA-sequencing. We show that the urine-derived human iPSCs are indistinguishable from well characterized PBMC-derived human iPSCs and that the gorilla and orangutan iPSCs are well comparable to the human iPSCs. In summary, this study introduces a novel and efficient approach to non-invasively generate iPSCs from primate urine. This will extend the zoo of species available for a comparative approach to molecular and cellular phenotypes.

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