First study on oxyuriosis in horses from Algeria: Prevalence and clinical aspects

The present study was carried out the Tiaret region, on horses belonging to the Chaouchaoua National Haras, ONDEEC and on two private farms during the period from February 05th to April 17th, 2019. It aims to assess the overall prevalence of equine oxyuriosis in the area and to describe the most dominant clinical signs of this parasite infection. Scotch tape test was applied on 176 horses randomly selected and the microscopic observation of slides was carried out at the parasitology laboratory of the Veterinary institute of Tiaret. The overall prevalence of Oxyuris equi was 38.64% with females being more infected (37.04%) than males (20.45%). The prevalence of oxyuriosis was higher in fillies (70%) than in foals (48.39%).The high prevalence of Oxyuris equi was recorded in the private farms with a percentage of 85% and 44% in farm 1 and 2, respectively. The more commonly clinical signs were tail rubbing in 42% and scratching in 32% of positive horses.Equine oxyuriosis is a common infection in the study area and requires the application of hygienic measures with more therapeutic and preventive care.

Contribution of veterinary profession to the response to COVID-19 pandemic conveyed through experiences of the Veterinary Faculty Sarajevo

The International Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), from the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, promoted One Health in global and national responses. The OIE accentuated the role of the veterinary profession due to testing capacity of animal health laboratories and expertise. Veterinary Faculty Sarajevo through its Veterinary Institute participates in the national veterinary service with diagnostic and advisory roles. It has proactively enhanced the scope and quality of laboratories, including strengthening the interdisciplinarity and internationality. Development achieved through earlier pandemic threats resulted in having laboratory and technical facilities for molecular SARS-CoV-2 detection in the wake of the unveiling COVID-19 pandemic (early 2020). From confirmation of the first COVID-19 cases in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), our staff participated in crisis response teams and, so far, held over sixty media addresses promoting public awareness and science based information. Our laboratories were included in the official detection system and were the first to sequence SARS-CoV-2, then to establish the Alpha COVID-19 variant in BiH human samples and to substantiate one-way virus transmission from humans to pets. The aim of this paper is to describe our activities as a participant in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside faced challenges and gained experiences.

Helminthiasis of Infection Ruminants in Various Landscapes of the Sheki-Zagatala Region of Azerbaijan

In order to study the epizootic situation of helminthic spread, 430 samples of feces and pathological material from small ruminants were taken from livestock farms of the Sheki-Zagatala region. The materials were send for research to the Department of Parasitology of the Scientific Research Veterinary Institute. The research results were analyzed for mountainous, foothill, flat areas and for the seasonality of the region.

A retrospective study (2015-2019) of avian salmonellosis diagnosed at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory of the National Veterinary Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria

Salmonella organisms are widely distributed in nature and survive well in a variety of food and contamination and can occur at multiple steps along the food chain. The study was conducted at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute (N.V.R.I) located in Vom Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State Nigeria. Information was obtained via postmortem records and laboratory results that isolated Salmonella species were retrieved and analyzed retrospectively in the study area for five years. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data while tables were used for result proportions presented in percentages. A total of 2512 cases of poultry diseases were documented for a period of five years from 2015 to 2019 with an average of 502.4 cases annually. A total of 436 of salmonellosis was documented during the period under review and an average of 87.2 cases annually. 24.4% prevalence was recorded in 2018 and 12.4% in 2015. 2019 had the highest prevalence of 28.4 with an average avian salmonellosis prevalence of 19%. 24.6% avian salmonellosis was recorded in the age bracket of 5 to 8 weeks, 29.5% was documented in the age bracket of 9 to 12 weeks which was the second highest and 33.3% in the age bracket of 0 to 4 which was the highest. Avian salmonellosis affects all types of birds. Out of 436 positive avian salmonellosis cases recorded in the period under review, 251 were layers while 156 were broilers with 29 being local birds and cockerels. This study does explicitly indicate that avian salmonellosis is highly prevalence in the study area and this could play a great role in lowering poultry productivity in the study area, thereby highlighting the need for effective health programs like good biosecurity practices and vaccination in order to boost poultry production.

Suspect and positive cases of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Croatia from 2017 to 2020

During regular implementation of the bovine tuberculosis-free cattle herd certification programme in the period from 2017 to 2020, the Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases of Croatian veterinary institute Zagreb, Croatia tested material from 161 cattle from 27 holdings in 11 counties. The material was submitted following findings of pathoanatomical changes detected in the slaughter line suggesting tuberculosis, or after a positive reaction of cows to the tuberculin comparative methods. Species from the M. tuberculosis complex (M. bovis and M. caprae) were isolated from samples of 58 bovines (36%) from 16 holdings in eight counties. M. caprae was confirmed in 55 bovines (34%) originating from 13 holdings in seven counties, and M. bovis in three bovines (2%), each from a different holding in a different county. Saprophytic mycobacteria were isolated from four bovine samples (2.5%) from three holdings in two counties, i.e., M. gordonae (1), M. celatum (1) and two unidentified species (M. sp.). Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Croatia is M. caprae, which confirmed previous findings. Control of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Croatia is still needed and, in the future, should be further suppressed using tuberculinisation, controls on slaughter lines, depopulation of infected herds, and etiological determination of the causative agents.

Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Cattle Diseases Not Regulated by the European Union

The European Union (EU) regulates the control of cattle diseases listed in categories A and B of the Animal Health Law (AHL). However, the control of other cattle diseases that have no, or limited EU regulation, is left to each member state. Slovenia has five control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases: bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), bluetongue and anthrax. Two (IBR and BVD) are voluntary and the others (EBL, anthrax and bluetongue) are compulsory. The three compulsory CPs are funded by the government. All the CPs are run by the government and laboratory tests are performed by the National Veterinary Institute. The rules for the CPs are laid down in Slovenian legislation. In addition, there is a national directive for the control of salmonellosis. Both BVD and IBR are endemic and have CPs based on increased biosecurity, testing and culling or vaccination, financed by the animal owners. Slovenia has been officially free of EBL since 2005 and carries out surveillance based on serological testing of a representative number of herds and inspection of carcasses at slaughter or necropsy. Vaccination is the main disease control measure for anthrax (sporadic) and bluetongue (currently perceived free—vaccination since 2017). Lack of motivation of farmers to participate in voluntary disease CPs and to implement and follow strict biosecurity measures are the most pressing issues in improving the health status of Slovenian cattle. An overview of the existing CPs and the circumstances leading to their implementation are presented.

Occurrence of Endoparasites in Adult Swedish Dogs: A Coprological Investigation

The occurrence of endoparasites in Swedish adult dogs (n = 303) was investigated between January and October 2014. Included dogs had to be clinically healthy, older than 1 year and untreated with anthelmintics or endectocides for at least 3 months prior to sampling. They were grouped according to age, category of dog and time since last antiparasitic treatment. Samples were analyzed by flotation to detect parasitic eggs and cysts/oocysts. Among these, 129 (43%) dogs were also analyzed with the Baermann-technique to detect cardiopulmonary larval stages. Parasite dispersal stages were found in 24 (7.9%, CI 95% 4.9–10.1) of the dogs at flotation, while no dog shed cardiopulmonary larval stages. Giardia sp. cysts were observed in 2.6% (n = 8) of dogs examined, cysts of Sarcocystis spp. were observed in 0.6% (n = 2), oocysts of Cystosisopora ohioensis were found in one dog (0.3%). Eggs of Toxocara canis (2.3%, n = 7), Uncinaria stenocephala (1.3%, n = 4) and Trichuris vulpis (0.3%, one dog) were found. None of the dogs were diagnosed with more than one species. Although the occurrence of endoparasites was above the average in dogs ≤ 2 years of age (11.5%), nematodes were more common in older dogs ≥4 years (77.0%). Although the occurrence was lower in working/exhibition dogs (5.9%) than in companion dogs (8.4%) and hunting-dogs (8.6%), these differences were not significant. However, dogs exposed to prey according to the owner had a statistically significant higher prevalence than other dogs (20.5 vs. 5.7%). The Odds Ratio (OR) was 4.0 (CI 95%, 1.58–10.11) for dogs having access to prey, 2.4 (CI 95%, 0.37–8.06) for dogs staying at day-care, and 2 (CI 95%, 0.96–5.96) for bitches. Furthermore, a significant association was observed between infection with nematodes and exposures to prey (p = 0.006). As a reference, data on the endoparasites in canine fecal samples submitted to the National Veterinary Institute (SVA, Uppsala) during 2014 are presented. Overall, this study shows a low occurrence of endoparasites among dogs in Sweden. Any risk-assessment on zoonotic parasites as well as deworming recommendations will take advantage from these updated figures.

PROFESSOR BOHL KARL GENRIKHOVICH - PATRIARCH OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND EDUCATION (1871-1959)

The article describes the biography of Professor K. G. Bol, his scientific achievements, contribution to the development of the Kazan Veterinary Institute and the Department of Pathological Anatomy. His work is reflected in the Kazan State University, the Kazan State Institute of Advanced Training of Doctors, the Tatar Central Executive Committee, the Kazan City Council of People's Deputies.

Hematological studies in inflammation of the mammary gland in animals

The article presents the results of studies of blood samples from cats with mastitis. The studies were carried out on the basis of the North Caucasian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FRANTS, as well as in the veterinary hospitals of the SBBZH in the city of Rostov-on-Don during 2020. The study involved non-sterilized outbred cats aged 6-8 years with signs of inflammation of the mammary gland. At the first stage, a general and special clinical study of animals was carried out. At the second stage, the presence of concomitant pathology in the studied individuals was determined. So, in animals diagnosed with mastitis, obstetric pathology, diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, as well as diseases of the digestive system were most often observed as concomitants. Then, by taking blood samples, the presence of an inflammatory process was determined, as well as to reveal information about the functional state of the body as a whole, as well as organs separately. In the study of a general blood test, it was found that cats with inflammation of the mammary gland showed a pronounced inflammatory reaction, which manifests itself in an increased level of leukocytes and ESR. Also, the studied animals showed an increase in the content of stab neutrophils, which is characteristic of the inflammatory process of bacterial etiology. When conducting a biochemical blood test, it was found that the animals under study have concomitant renal pathology. So, the level of creatinine in the studied animals is exceeded or is at the upper limits of the norm. Also, the studied cats have an increased level of alkaline phosphatase, which is indicative of impaired pancreatic function.

A lesson from our institute; Why do veterinary schools need an anatomy museum?

Anatomy has always been a key discipline in the field of veterinary medicine, as this fundamental scientific discipline offers vital foundational knowledge on how the structure of an organ relates to its function and health. It demonstrates how the three-dimensional structure of an organism relates to the physical diagnosis of a disease, as well as to help shed light on how surgical and medical approaches can be employed to treat various diseases. This review provides supportive evidence on the importance and usefulness of the anatomy museum located within our veterinary institute. Furthermore, our outcomes will encourage all veterinary schools to consider having their own on-site anatomy museum. From our experience, the practical usefulness of an anatomy museum can be divided into 4 categories that include the study of anatomy, the study of histology, elemental study, and social education. The samples housed in an anatomy museum can increase the publishing potential of all staff members of the parent institute, as well as to elevate the reputation and general recognition of the institute. Moreover, an anatomy museum can facilitate out-of-class learning opportunities for non-university educational facilities such as kindergartens, and primary or secondary schools.