scholarly journals Task conditions and short-term memory search: two-phase model of STM search

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Orzechowski ◽  
Edward Nęcka ◽  
Robert Balas
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Short-term memory (STM) search, as investigated within the Sternberg paradigm, is usually described as exhaustive rather than self-terminated, although the debate concerning these issues is still hot. We report three experiments employing a modified Sternberg paradigm and show that whether STM search is exhaustive or self-terminated depends on task conditions. Specifically, STM search self-terminates as soon as a positive match is found, whereas exhaustive search occurs when the STM content does not contain a searched item. Additionally, we show that task conditions influence whether familiarity- or recollection-based strategies dominate STM search performance. Namely, when speeding up the tempo of stimuli presentation increases the task demands, people use familiarity-based retrieval more often, which results in faster but less accurate recognition judgments. We conclude that STM search processes flexibly adapt to current task conditions and finally propose two-phase model of STM search.

The Hard Fall Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémylle Thomassin ◽  
Corentin Gonthier ◽  
Michel Guerraz ◽  
Jean-Luc Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Better Than

Participants with a high working memory span tend to perform better than low spans in a variety of tasks. However, their performance is paradoxically more impaired when they have to perform two tasks at once, a phenomenon that could be labeled the “hard fall effect.” The present study tested whether this effect exists in a short-term memory task, and investigated the proposal that the effect is due to high spans using efficient facilitative strategies under simple task conditions. Ninety-eight participants performed a spatial short-term memory task under simple and dual task conditions; stimuli presentation times either allowed for the use of complex facilitative strategies or not. High spans outperformed low spans only under simple task conditions when presentation times allowed for the use of facilitative strategies. These results indicate that the hard fall effect exists on a short-term memory task and may be caused by individual differences in strategy use.

Test delle matrici: il rapporto target/distrattori e il ruolo della memoria a breve termine

2009 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Claudio Luzzatti ◽  
Carlo Abbate ◽  
Carlo Vergani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Accuracy Score ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Span Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overall Performance

- We studied the effect of the target-to-distractor ratio (T/D) and short term memory on a matrix test performance. Higher performance on a visual search test with rising T/D ratio was found. An overall performance score improvement from the first to the third matrix is expected, because of the T/D ratio increase. In a previous study we found a significant difference on accuracy scores between the first and the following matrixes. In this article we demonstrate that an involvement of the short term memory processes could account for this result. Two hundred and twenty seven subjects from the Geriatric Unit of Ospedale Policlinico of Milan were considered. The subjects were 159 female and 68 male, aged 58 to 94 years with 3 to 18 years of education. Patients suffering from acute or chronic neurological diseases, sensorial impairment and alcoholism were excluded. We examined retrospectively the performance obtained by the subjects on a matrix test and a bisyllabic words span test. Correlation between accuracy scores obtained for the different matrixes of the attention test and the span score was then calculated. We found: 1) a significant difference on overall performance score between the three matrixes of the attention test: scores increase with the rise of T/D ratio; 2) a significant correlation between the accuracy score of the second and third matrix and the score of the span test; 3) no correlation between accuracy scores on the first matrix and the short-term memory score. In conclusion our data confirm the positive effect of a larger target-to-distractor ratio on the visual search performance in elderly people. The hypothesis that short-term memory is involved in the execution of the second and third matrix is preliminarly confirmed. The results are discussed in terms of the signal detection theory.

Memory search in a Brown-Peterson short-term memory paradigm.

1973 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Gorfein ◽  
David E. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Verbal short-term memory and sentence comprehension in German children and adolescents with Down syndrome: Beware of the task

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Penke ◽  
Eva Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Scaling Analyses

In individuals with Down syndrome (DS) deficits in verbal short-term memory (VSTM) and deficits in sentence comprehension co-occur, suggesting that deficits in VSTM might be causal for the deficits in sentence comprehension. The present study aims to explore the presumed relationship between VSTM and sentence comprehension in individuals with DS by specifically targeting the influence of task demands. The authors assessed VSTM skills in 18 German-speaking children/adolescents with DS by a nonword repetition (NWR) test and elicited data from three different tasks on the comprehension of complex sentence structures: two sentence-picture-matching tasks (TROG-D and a passive test) and one picture-pointing task on object wh-questions. Whereas performance in NWR yielded a significant degree of prediction for scores obtained in the TROG-D and in passive comprehension, no significant degree of prediction was found for NWR and object wh-question comprehension. Moreover, implicational scaling analyses indicated that mental-age adequate performance in sentence comprehension did not imply adequate performance in NWR. Research is needed that specifies the relation between memory systems and sentence comprehension while considering the influence of task demands.

Computational modeling of individual differences in short term memory search

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Chuderski ◽  
Zbigniew Stettner ◽  
Jaroslaw Orzechowski
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals A two-phase plagiarism detection system based on multi-layer long short-term memory networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Son ◽  
Le Thanh Huong ◽  
Nguyen Chi Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Finding plagiarism strings between two given documents are the main task of the plagiarism detection problem. Traditional approaches based on string matching are not very useful in cases of similar semantic plagiarism. Deep learning approaches solve this problem by measuring the semantic similarity between pairs of sentences. However, these approaches still face the following challenging points. First, it is impossible to solve cases where only part of a sentence belongs to a plagiarism passage. Second, measuring the sentential similarity without considering the context of surrounding sentences leads to decreasing in accuracy. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a two-phase plagiarism detection system based on multi-layer long short-term memory network model and feature extraction technique: (i) a passage-phase to recognize plagiarism passages, and (ii) a word-phase to determine the exact plagiarism strings. Our experiment results on PAN 2014 corpus reached 94.26% F-measure, higher than existing research in this field.

scholarly journals Breakfast and performance in schoolchildren

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Dickie ◽  
A. E. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
And Performance

1. The results from two studies are reported of the effects on mental performance of omitting breakfast. The objective of the first study was to compare the performances of schoolchildren who habitually ate or did not eat breakfast. In the second study the effectsof omitting breakfast by those accustomed to eating the morning meal were investigated.2. Mental performance was assessed by two short-term memory tests (a simple cancellation test in which paired letters were marked on a page of random letters) and a memory-search test in which tines containing a group of specified fetters were marked, a series of numerical additions, and an attention-demanding test (in which specified statements had to be verified).3. Neither study revealed differences attributable to the omission or consumption of breakfast.

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