scholarly journals Virulence and Mating Type of Phytophthora infestans Isolates in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sedlák ◽  
J. Mazáková ◽  
V. Sedláková ◽  
P. Ryšánek ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Caps Marker ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Detached Leaflet Assay ◽  
Sarpo Mira

Abstract To evaluate the frequency and stability of the occurrence of P. infestans races and mating types in the Czech Republic, 338 monosporic isolates were collected from 31 sites in different potato-growing areas from 2012 to 2014 and in 2016. In total, 142 isolates were evaluated for virulence and race structure using the detached leaflet assay on Black’s differential set, supplemented with cultivar Sarpo Mira and somatic hybrid REG 46F. With the exception of virulence for resistance genes R9 and Rpi-blb-1, all virulence genes were detected among isolates, with a predominance of genes R1, R3, R7, R10, and R11. Most isolates were virulent to five or more R-genes, with a mean virulence complexity of 7.1. Among the 38 races detected, the most commonly occurring races were 1.2.3.4.6.7.10.11 and 1.2.3.4.7.10.11. Of the 338 isolates tested by the pairing test and the cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) marker, 40% were of the A1 mating type and 60% were of the A2 mating type, with an A1 : A2 isolate ratio demonstrating the predominance of the A2 mating type each year of the survey.

scholarly journals Occurrence and distribution of mating types A1 and A2 of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mazáková ◽  
V. Táborský ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
P. Ryšánek ◽  
E. Hausvater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Report

A total of 199 <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> isolates were obtained from leaves, tubers and fruits of infected crops of potato and tomato in different regions of the Czech Republic in 2003, 2004 and 2005. They were analysed for mating type using the conventional pairing assay and PCR markers; 107 isolates were of A1 and 92 of A2 mating type. No self-fertile isolate was found. Our study is the first report of the presence and distribution of the A2 mating type of <i>P. infestans</i> in the Czech Republic. The co-existence of the two mating types may enable the pathogen to reproduce sexually, thus enhancing the diversity of its population countrywide.

scholarly journals Mating type distribution of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic in 2007 and 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mazáková ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
P. Ryšánek ◽  
V. Táborský ◽  
E. Hausvater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Caps Marker ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Pcr Assays

A total of 195 isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from late blight-diseased potatoes grown in several localities in the Czech Republic during the years 2007&ndash;2008. The isolates were analysed for mating type using the pairing test, CAPS marker assays and PCR assays. Of the 195 tested isolates, 28% were of the A1 mating type and 75% corresponded to the A2 mating type. Furthermore, oospores of P. infestans were microscopically detected in leaf samples from one locality.

scholarly journals Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 by biochemical, serological, and PCR methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Simonová ◽  
M. Vázlerová ◽  
I. Steinhauserová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Serotype O

In this study, the pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> of serotype O:3 was monitored. The serotype is widely spread in Europe and has been linked to human yersiniosis. For the detection of pathogenic strains were used biochemical and serological methods as well as PCR methods based on the identification of virulence genes (<i>ail</i>, <i>rfbC</i>, <i>ystA</i>, <i>yadA</i>, <i>virF</i>). The occurrence of <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 strains was monitored in slaughter animals from a number of farms in the Czech Republic. A total of 3748 samples were collected coming from pigs (1388), cattle (633), poultry (902), and slaughter facilities (825). Fifty-two <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 isolates were identified by biochemical and serologic methods, and 53 <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 isolates were identified by PCR methods (46 isolates from pigs, 2 isolates from poultry, 3 isolates from cattle, and 2 isolates from a poultry slaughtering facility). All isolates of <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 carried genes <i>ail</i> and <i>rfbC</i>, 83% isolates carried gene <i>ystA</i>, 79% isolates carried gene <i>yadA</i> and 49% isolates carried gene <i>virF</i>. The use of PCR methods based on the identification of <i>ail</i> and <i>rfbC</i> genes provides for a sufficiently specific identification of pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> O:3 strains with optimum time consumption compared to biochemical and serological methods. It is not recommendable to use other PCR methods (detection of the <i>ystA, <i>yadA</i>, and <i>virF</i> genes) for the detection of pathogenic <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> strains because those methods are not very specific for the determination of pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Crown rust pathotypes determined on oats in the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2006 and reaction to oat cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jiráková ◽  
A. Hanzalová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
High Diversity

The incidence of oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata var. avenae Fraser et Ledingham) pathotypes was recorded in the Czech Republic in 2004&ndash;2006. The virulence of collected 79 monopustule oat crown rust isolates was assessed on 23 differentials. High diversity was observed; the isolates possessed from 0 to 8 virulence genes. More than 80% of pathotypes were recorded only once. Pathotypes BLBG and BLBC were the most frequent. None of the tested isolates was virulent to resistance genes Pc39, Pc50, Pc52, Pc59, Pc62 and Pc68. Registered cultivars Avenuda, Dalimil, Auron, Isak were susceptible to the majority of pathotypes, cvs. Abel, Ardo, Atego, Azur, Neklan, Radius and Saul to all used pathotypes. Only the Czech cultivar Vok was resistant to all but four used pathotypes. Acquired data are useful for resistance breeding.

Trametes gibbosa (Basidiomycetes, Polyporales) in the USA and Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kout ◽  
J. Vlasák
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
North American ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time

The polypore Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fries, common in Europe and Asia, is reported from eastern North America for the first time. Single basidiospore cultures from Pennsylvania, United States, and Quebec, Canada, were paired with each other and with cultures from the Czech Republic. The North American intercollection crosses were 60% compatible and 100% compatible with the Czech cultures. All the crosses among the Czech cultures were 100% compatible. The recent introduction of T. gibbosa to North America is suggested as a possible explanation for the limited number of mating-type alleles and subsequent incompatibility among the North American cultures.

scholarly journals Significance of Sexual Reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1197
Author(s):  
Jana Mazáková ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Discs

A total of 187 naturally late blight‑diseased potato leaves were sampled from 31 sites and five regions of the Czech Republic during the growing season in 2012–2014 and 2016 and examined microscopically for the ability of Phytophthora infestans to produce oospores in infected leaves under field conditions. Although the occurrence of the A1 and A2 mating types required for sexual reproduction of P. infestans was previously confirmed in the Czech Republic, no oospores were detected in this study. To study the effect of temperature on the survival of oospores produced from crosses of three pairs of P. infestans isolates, oospores in leaf discs and agar were exposed to temperatures ranging from –24 to 10 °C and then evaluated for viability with the plasmolysis test. Oospore viability ranged from 13.02 to 63.90 % and from 7.77 to 63.37 % for oospores produced in agar and leaf discs, respectively, with the highest frequencies of viable oospores occurring at 4 and 10 °C. To determine whether oospores may survive under field conditions, agar plates with oospores were buried in soil in Prague‑Suchdol and Svitavy for seven months during the overwintering period (October–May) in 2011–2015. There were statistically significant differences in oospore viability examined by the plasmolysis test between the localities, and oospore viability ranged from 29 to 43 % and from 15 to 44 % in Prague‑Suchdol and Svitavy, respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of populations of Pyrenophora  teres on barley in the Czech Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Minařiková ◽  
I. Polišenská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Leaf Segments

One of t he diseases that have become i mportant in the Czech Republ ic recently is net blotch of ba rley caused by Pyrenophora teres (Died.) Drechs., with the imperfect stale Drechslera teres. In 1 995-1997 infected leaves of both spring and winter barley were collected in various stands and climatic regions. Al most 400 isolates of the pathogen were obtained and tested for virulence using a differential set (Cl 5791. CI 2750, CI 9819, C 8755, Stcudclli, Harbin, C 29192, CI 739, Tifang. and the suscepti ble control Beate). To assess their reaction, the laboratory method for testing leaf segments on benzimidazole was used. The most stable resistant responses, compared also with previous tests from 1991-1994, were found in Cl 739 and Tifang where the frequency of viru lent isolates did not exceed I 0% of all tested ones. These genotypes should be involved in practical breeding of barley for resistance to the pathogen.

Social variation in size at birth and preterm delivery in the Czech Republic and Sweden, 1989-91

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koupilova ◽  
Vagero ◽  
Leon ◽  
Pikhart ◽  
Prikazsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Social Variation ◽  
Size At Birth

On Geropsychology in the Czech Republic

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Hana Stepankova ◽  
Eva Jarolimova ◽  
Eva Dragomirecka ◽  
Irena Sobotkova ◽  
Lenka Sulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rehabilitation Research

This work provides an overview of psychology of aging and old age in the Czech Republic. Historical roots as well as recent activities are listed including clinical practice, cognitive rehabilitation, research, and the teaching of geropsychology.

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