scholarly journals Analysis of populations of Pyrenophora  teres on barley in the Czech Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Minařiková ◽  
I. Polišenská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Leaf Segments

One of t he diseases that have become i mportant in the Czech Republ ic recently is net blotch of ba rley caused by Pyrenophora teres (Died.) Drechs., with the imperfect stale Drechslera teres. In 1 995-1997 infected leaves of both spring and winter barley were collected in various stands and climatic regions. Al most 400 isolates of the pathogen were obtained and tested for virulence using a differential set (Cl 5791. CI 2750, CI 9819, C 8755, Stcudclli, Harbin, C 29192, CI 739, Tifang. and the suscepti ble control Beate). To assess their reaction, the laboratory method for testing leaf segments on benzimidazole was used. The most stable resistant responses, compared also with previous tests from 1991-1994, were found in Cl 739 and Tifang where the frequency of viru lent isolates did not exceed I 0% of all tested ones. These genotypes should be involved in practical breeding of barley for resistance to the pathogen.

scholarly journals Severity of powdery mildew on winter barley in the Czech Republic in 1976–2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Infection ◽  
High Disease Severity ◽  
Important Disease

Results of scoring the reaction to powdery mildew of 240 winter barley varieties that were gradually included in 392 Czech Official Trials conducted at 21 locations were analysed. The reaction of the varieties was determined on the basis of the level of infection by the disease. Therefore, the data can also be used to assess the disease severity in years and at locations. Several characteristics indicative of disease severity were considered, including the disease severity coefficient (= average infection of susceptible varieties in trials with a high disease severity/the proportion of such trials). The value of the coefficient is inversely proportional to disease severity. The highest powdery mildew severity was found in 1976, and the years 1988, 1990 and 2003 were characterised by high infection of the examined varieties. In contrast, the disease was practically absent in 1979 and 1982, and its severity was also low in 1978, 1981, 1985, 1991 and 1998. Very low disease severity was found for the period 1977–1982 when insufficient disease severity was found on average in 78% of the trials and high disease severity in only 6% of the trials. The highest disease severity was found at locations Trutnov, Horažďovice and Chrastava. The analysis of data from a large number of field trials conducted at various locations for a period of 30 years confirmed that powdery mildew is an important disease of winter barley in the Czech Republic. Known genetic sources of resistance and current methods, such as marker assisted selection, enable breeders to solve this problem.

scholarly journals Virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes of winter barley cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Random Samples

The virulence frequencies to powdery mildew resistance genes possessed by winter barley cultivars registered and newly tested in the Czech Republic were studied in 2000, 2002 and 2004. Random samples of the populations originating from winter and spring barley fields were obtained from the air by a mobile version of a jet spore sampler mounted on a car roof. Conidia were sampled by driving across the Czech Republic. Fourteen differentials, carrying 18 out of 20 currently identified resistance genes present in winter barley cultivars, were used. High virulence frequencies (85–100%) to most resistance genes were found. Lower virulence frequencies (14.1–40.1%) were found to only three resistance genes that have not been described yet; their preliminary designations are Ml(Va), Ml(Dt) and Ml(Ca). The importance of resistance of winter barley cultivars is discussed with respect to limiting the speed with which the pathogen adapts to genetic resistances possessed by commercial cultivars of both winter and spring barley, and to the necessity of lowering the costs for powdery mildew control in barley.

scholarly journals Quality of winter barley grain from the testing localities in the Czech Republic, harvest 2011.

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Lenka SACHAMBULA ◽  
Vratislav PSOTA ◽  
Olga DVOŘÁČKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Effects of afforestation on soil structure formation in two climatic regions of the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Podrázský ◽  
O. Holubík ◽  
J. Vopravil ◽  
T. Khel ◽  
Moser WK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Regions

scholarly journals Identification and chromosomal location of major genes for resistance to Pyrenophora teres in a doubled-haploid barley population

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
T L Friesen ◽  
J D Faris ◽  
Z Lai ◽  
B J Steffenson
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Barley Population ◽  
Spot Type ◽  
Simple Sequence

Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres, is one of the most economically important diseases of barley worldwide. Here, we used a barley doubled-haploid population derived from the lines SM89010 and Q21861 to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seedling resistance to P. teres f. teres (net-type net blotch (NTNB)) and P. teres f. maculata (spot-type net blotch (STNB)). A map consisting of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was used to identify chromosome locations of resistance loci. Major QTLs for NTNB and STNB resistance were located on chromosomes 6H and 4H, respectively. The 6H locus (NTNB) accounted for as much as 89% of the disease variation, whereas the 4H locus (STNB resistance) accounted for 64%. The markers closely linked to the resistance gene loci will be useful for marker-assisted selection.Key words: disease resistance, Drechslera teres, molecular markers.

Effects of incorporating straw, using different cultivation systems, and of burning it, on diseases of winter barley

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
R. J. Gutteridge ◽  
A. D. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Barley Net Blotch ◽  
Take All

SUMMARYAn experiment at Rothamsted in 1985–89 and another at Whaddon in 1986 studied the effects of incorporating straw on diseases of winter barley. Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) and leaf blotch (Rhynchosporium secalis) were initially less severe where straw was burnt or incorporated by ploughing than where cultivations only partially buried it. However, by summer both diseases were usually more severe where straw had been burnt than where it had been incorporated. At Whaddon, eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) tended to be less severe in tine-cultivated plots where straw was incorporated than where it was burnt, but at Rothamsted, where the straw treatments were confounded with cultivations, there was no consistent effect. The disease was usually more severe where straw was incorporated by ploughing than where it was incorporated using other methods. In contrast, the severity of take-all was generally decreased by ploughing. Seedlings usually grew better where straw had been burnt rather than incorporated and grain yields were often larger. However, yields at Rothamsted in 1987 were unusually, and inexplicably, smaller after burning the straw so that the 5-year mean yields showed no significant differences between treatments.

scholarly journals Analysis of polymorphism of microsatellite markers linked to a longterm net form of net blotch resistance gene in winter barley varieties in the south of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Dontsova ◽  
A. V. Alabushev ◽  
M. V. Lebedeva ◽  
E. K. Potokina
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The South ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Highly Effective

Net form of net blotch (NFNT) is the most dangerous and devastating disease of barley causing huge losses in Russia. Highly effective gene rpt 5 determining resistance to net blotch pathogen in Russia was used in the study. A set of 95 winter barley indigenous and exotic varieties were studied to identify the genotypes with the alleles of 153 and 155 bp for the locus bmag173 and the alleles of 186, 188, 192 bp for the locus hvm74 exhibiting resistance to the net blotch pathogen (Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres) occurring in North Caucasus region of Russia.

scholarly journals Expression of resistance to Ramularia leaf spot in winter barley cultivars grown in conditions of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mařík ◽  
Z. Šnejdar ◽  
P. Matušinsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Ramularia Leaf Spot

The fungus Ramularia collo-cygni is increasingly important as the causal agent of Ramularia leaf spot (RLS), a novel leaf spot disease of barley. The work aimed to identify gene resources suitable for developing new breeding lines of winter barley with improved resistance. During the first experimental period (2001–2005), RLS incidence was monitored in 711 cultivars and advanced breeding lines. Differences were detected in the intensity of symptomatic expression, but no material showed high resistance. During the second experimental period (2006–2009), response to natural RLS infection was evaluated in 19 winter barley cultivars (12 six-row and 7 two-row) registered in the Czech Republic. Highest susceptibility was detected in 6-row cvs. Luran, Laverda and Wendy while cvs Breunskylie (2-row), Merlot and Highlight (both 6-row) showed relatively lower disease incidence. High resistance was not detected. On average, 2-row cultivars showed lower intensity than 6-row cultivars and significant variation was observed among years.

scholarly journals Physiological nature of overwintering oats forms

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
J. Petr ◽  
I. Capouchová ◽  
M. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Photoperiodic Induction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Generative Stage ◽  
Autumn Sowing ◽  
Photoperiodic Reaction

We evaluated the need for low temperatures (vernalization) and the photoperiodic reaction of three collections of winter oats (1. Pedarn, Maris Quest, Peniarth; 2. Gerald, Solva, Kymon, Pendragon; 3. Pewi, Silwi, Wiskas) in a comparison with spring oats varieties. All three collections of varieties showed little need for low temperatures, mostly as few as 10–20 days, which does not represent an obligatory need; this influence is only quantitative and constitutes no precondition for a passage of plants into the generative stage. Only in the case of the Maris Quest variety, the need for vernalization approached 30 days. As compared with the reaction of winter barley varieties that had and in some cases still have worse overwintering in the Czech Republic, the length of vernalization is equal. In the photoperiodic experiment, the reaction to a short autumn day turned out to be the critical condition for a possibility of autumn sowing and overwintering; in the case of these varieties, a short day inhibits the development until arrival of winter. We evaluated this reaction according to the length of the induction period. This period was only 10–15 days in the case of the spring oats Český žlutý, 30 days in the case of winter oats Maris Quest, 25 days for Pedarn, 20 days for Peniarth and 21 days for Pendra-gon; the induction period was 14–21 days in the case of varieties Gerald, Kymon and Solva. When compared with figures for winter barley, it had the longer photoperiodic induction period. The evaluated varieties of winter oats do not reach such a degree of a reaction to a short day, which manifests itself in their lower frosthardiness than that of winter barley. We verified that in provoking tests for frosthardiness, and also by lower critical values of temperatures for dying out of 50% of plants, the so-called LT 50.

scholarly journals Discrepancy in climatic zoning of the current soil productivity evaluation system

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Filip Chuchma ◽  
Hana Středová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Climatic Regionalization ◽  
Climatic Zoning

Abstract Pedologic-ecological estimation in the Czech Republic (Central Europe) means determination of land agronomic productivity and its economical pricing and is expressed as a five position numeral code and mapped as iso-lines. The first position of the code is the climatic region representing approximately the same conditions for agricultural plant growth and development. This climatic regionalization was based on the climatic data from 1901–1950. Currently, there is the need to update their existing zoning due to the technological progress of measurement and development of climate models including estimation of future climate. The aim of the paper is (i) to apply actual climatic data to climatic regionalization and (ii) to estimate what climatic conditions are relevant for actually valid climatic regions. The original methodology currently enables us to unequivocally classify only 17% of the entire territory of the Czech Republic (and 18% of Czech agricultural land). A substantial part of the territory does not fit neatly into individual climatic regions. Subsequently the actually valid ranges of climatic characteristics of individual climatic regions were determined. The GIS layers of individual climatic variables computed with data from 1961–2010 were one by one covered by GIS layers of individual climatic regions based on data from 1901–1950. Interval ranges of climatic region variables determined in this way are valid for the period 1961–2010. The upper limit of air temperature sum above 10 °C and annual air temperature in most of the climatic regions was significantly shifted up in 1961–2010. An increase in precipitation is noticeable in wet climatic regions. Moisture certainty in vegetation season and probability of dry vegetation are the most problematic in terms of Estimated Pedologic-Ecological Units (EPEU) climatic zoning. This should be taken into account when fixing the official soil price.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document