scholarly journals Mating type distribution of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic in 2007 and 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mazáková ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
P. Ryšánek ◽  
V. Táborský ◽  
E. Hausvater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Caps Marker ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Pcr Assays

A total of 195 isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from late blight-diseased potatoes grown in several localities in the Czech Republic during the years 2007–2008. The isolates were analysed for mating type using the pairing test, CAPS marker assays and PCR assays. Of the 195 tested isolates, 28% were of the A1 mating type and 75% corresponded to the A2 mating type. Furthermore, oospores of P. infestans were microscopically detected in leaf samples from one locality.

scholarly journals Occurrence and distribution of mating types A1 and A2 of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mazáková ◽  
V. Táborský ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
P. Ryšánek ◽  
E. Hausvater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Report

A total of 199 <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> isolates were obtained from leaves, tubers and fruits of infected crops of potato and tomato in different regions of the Czech Republic in 2003, 2004 and 2005. They were analysed for mating type using the conventional pairing assay and PCR markers; 107 isolates were of A1 and 92 of A2 mating type. No self-fertile isolate was found. Our study is the first report of the presence and distribution of the A2 mating type of <i>P. infestans</i> in the Czech Republic. The co-existence of the two mating types may enable the pathogen to reproduce sexually, thus enhancing the diversity of its population countrywide.

scholarly journals Virulence and Mating Type of Phytophthora infestans Isolates in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sedlák ◽  
J. Mazáková ◽  
V. Sedláková ◽  
P. Ryšánek ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Caps Marker ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Detached Leaflet Assay ◽  
Sarpo Mira

Abstract To evaluate the frequency and stability of the occurrence of P. infestans races and mating types in the Czech Republic, 338 monosporic isolates were collected from 31 sites in different potato-growing areas from 2012 to 2014 and in 2016. In total, 142 isolates were evaluated for virulence and race structure using the detached leaflet assay on Black’s differential set, supplemented with cultivar Sarpo Mira and somatic hybrid REG 46F. With the exception of virulence for resistance genes R9 and Rpi-blb-1, all virulence genes were detected among isolates, with a predominance of genes R1, R3, R7, R10, and R11. Most isolates were virulent to five or more R-genes, with a mean virulence complexity of 7.1. Among the 38 races detected, the most commonly occurring races were 1.2.3.4.6.7.10.11 and 1.2.3.4.7.10.11. Of the 338 isolates tested by the pairing test and the cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) marker, 40% were of the A1 mating type and 60% were of the A2 mating type, with an A1 : A2 isolate ratio demonstrating the predominance of the A2 mating type each year of the survey.

scholarly journals Significance of Sexual Reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1197
Author(s):  
Jana Mazáková ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Discs

A total of 187 naturally late blight‑diseased potato leaves were sampled from 31 sites and five regions of the Czech Republic during the growing season in 2012–2014 and 2016 and examined microscopically for the ability of Phytophthora infestans to produce oospores in infected leaves under field conditions. Although the occurrence of the A1 and A2 mating types required for sexual reproduction of P. infestans was previously confirmed in the Czech Republic, no oospores were detected in this study. To study the effect of temperature on the survival of oospores produced from crosses of three pairs of P. infestans isolates, oospores in leaf discs and agar were exposed to temperatures ranging from –24 to 10 °C and then evaluated for viability with the plasmolysis test. Oospore viability ranged from 13.02 to 63.90 % and from 7.77 to 63.37 % for oospores produced in agar and leaf discs, respectively, with the highest frequencies of viable oospores occurring at 4 and 10 °C. To determine whether oospores may survive under field conditions, agar plates with oospores were buried in soil in Prague‑Suchdol and Svitavy for seven months during the overwintering period (October–May) in 2011–2015. There were statistically significant differences in oospore viability examined by the plasmolysis test between the localities, and oospore viability ranged from 29 to 43 % and from 15 to 44 % in Prague‑Suchdol and Svitavy, respectively.

scholarly journals Identification of the Dominant Genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in Canada Using Real-Time PCR with ASO-PCR Assays

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 1482-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Gagnon ◽  
Lawrence Kawchuk ◽  
D. Mathieu Tremblay ◽  
Odile Carisse ◽  
Giovanna Danies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
And Control

Phytophthora infestans, a pathogenic oomycete that is the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, has devastating effects worldwide. The genetic composition of P. infestans populations in Canada has changed considerably over the last few years, with the appearance of several new genotypes showing different mating types and sensitivity to the fungicide metalaxyl. Genetic markers allowing for a rapid assessment of genotypes from small amounts of biological material would be beneficial for the early detection and control of this pathogen throughout Canada. Mining of the P. infestans genome revealed several regions containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within both nuclear genes and flanking sequences of microsatellite loci. Allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction (ASO-PCR) assays were developed from 14 of the 50 SNP found by sequencing. Nine optimized ASO-PCR assays were validated using a blind test comprising P. infestans and other Phytophthora spp. The assays revealed diagnostic profiles unique to each of the five dominant genotypes present in Canada. The markers developed in this study can be used with environmental samples such as infected leaves, and will contribute to the genomic toolbox available to assess the genetic diversity of P. infestans at the intraspecific level. For late blight management, early warning about P. infestans genotypes present in potato and tomato fields will help growers select the most appropriate fungicides and application strategies.

scholarly journals Complete mitogenome mapping of potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans A2 mating type

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
Virupaksh U. Patil ◽  
G. Vanishree ◽  
Debasis Pattanayak ◽  
Sanjeev Sharma ◽  
Vinay Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Complete Mitogenome ◽  
Late Blight Pathogen

scholarly journals Characterization of Phytophthora infestans in Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Marshall-Farrar ◽  
M. McGrath ◽  
R. V. James ◽  
W. R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Production Problem ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Allozyme Genotype ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Late blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum), caused by Phytophthora infestans, recently reappeared in Wisconsin and was a significant production problem in 1994. P. infestans isolates collected in Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995 were characterized for the following traits: mating type, sensitivity to metalaxyl, and allozyme genotype for Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi). Characterization of these isolates revealed that a new, more aggressive population (A2 mating type, metalaxyl resistant, and Gpi genotype 100/111/122) is displacing the old population (A1 mating type, metalaxyl sensitive, and Gpi genotype 86/100) in Wisconsin.

scholarly journals Sprinkling Irrigation Enhances Production of Oospores of Phytophthora Infestans in Field-Grown Crops of Potato

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigal Cohen ◽  
Sonja Farkash ◽  
Alexander Baider ◽  
David S. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Oospore Formation ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Host Tissues

Two field experiments were conducted to study the effect of overhead sprinkling irrigation on oospore formation by the late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans in potato. Total rain (natural + sprinkling) accumulated in treatments of experiment 1 (winter 1997 to 1998) were 765, 287, and 219 mm and treatments of experiment 2 (winter 1999 to 2000) were 641, 193, and 129 mm. Sporangia from 11 isolates of P. infestans were combined in eight pairs, seven of A1 and A2 and one of A2 and A2 mating type, and were sprayed on field-grown potato crops (42 plants per plot at 7 m2 each) and examined for their ability to form oospores in the host tissues. In experiment 1, oospores were recorded in a total of 132 of 1,680 leaflets (7.9%), 24 of 105 stems, and 2 of 90 tubers. In experiment 2, oospores were recorded in 40 of 519 leaflets (7.7%), but not in any of the 90 stems or the 45 tubers examined. Both the proportion of leaflets containing oospores and the number of oospores per leaflet increased with time after inoculation and were dependent on the rain regime, the position of leaves on the plant, and the isolate pair combination. In both field trials, increasing the rainfall significantly enhanced oospore production in leaves. Leaf samples collected from the soil surface had significantly more oospores than those collected from the midcanopy. Two pairs in experiment 1 were more fertile than the others, whereas the pair used in experiment 2 was the least fertile. The total number of oospores per leaflet usually ranged from 10 to 100 in experiment 1, but only from 2 to 10 in experiment 2. Maximal oospore counts in the field were 200 and 50 in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, but ranged from ≈2,000 to 12,000 oospores per leaflet in detached leaves in the laboratory. We concluded that P. infestans can produce oospores in the foliage of field-grown potato crops, especially when kept wet by regular overhead sprinkling irrigation, but production was far below that in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Infection of Potatoes by Oospores of Phytophthora infestans in Soil

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 876-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Strömberg ◽  
L. Persson ◽  
M. Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Nodal Cuttings

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, causing late blight on potatoes and considered to be a typical airborne disease, was found to be infective also by oospores in the soil. P. infestans is heterothallic, and is known to reproduce asexually in Sweden since only one mating type, A1, was present until 1986. Since the 1970s, the other mating type, A2, of P. infestans has migrated to most parts of the world from its original location in central Mexico (2). When A1 and A2 meet, they may form oospores, which are thick-walled, resting structures, giving the pathogen a possibility to recombine as well as survive without its host, for instance in the soil. The soil stages of the pathogen are now therefore under intense investigation. Oospores of P. infestans were produced from two Scandinavian A1 and A2 isolates in Rye A broth mixed with talcum powder and dried for 7 weeks. The inoculum was mixed with sterile, standardized soil in concentrations of 10, 150, 250, and 400 oospores per ml of soil. Cv. Bintje plants cultivated in vitro from nodal cuttings on Murashige and Skoog medium were transplanted to the soil after rooting. Brown discolorations were obtained on the underground stems and tubers on potato plants grown in the two highest concentrations of oospores for 1 month at 15°C and 16-h day length. After 3 days of incubation on P. infestans-selective medium (3), sporangia covered the tissue from plants grown in 250 and 400 oospores per ml of soil and the pathogen was reisolated. This shows that germinating oospores of P. infestans can infect underground stems and tubers of potatoes in soil and further explains the early attack of late blight as observed in a potato crop in Sweden 1996 and 1997 (1). References: (1) B. Andersson et al. Potato Res. 41:305, 1998. (2) D. Andrivon. Phytopathology 85:1053, 1995. (3) G. W. Griffith et al. Mycologist 9:87, 1995.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of the Phytophthora infestans Population in Morocco

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sedegui ◽  
R. B. Carroll ◽  
A. L. Morehart ◽  
T. A. Evans ◽  
S. H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Potato Field ◽  
New Genotype

ABSRACT In 1996 to 1998, a late-blight survey was conducted in potato- and tomato-growing regions of Morocco. A total of 149 isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected and analyzed for the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) and peptidase (Pep) alleles, mating types, and metalaxyl sensitivities. Four genotypes were identified: MO-1 (mating type A1, Gpi 100/100, Pep 92/100), MO-2 (mating type A1, Gpi 86/100, Pep 92/100), MO-3 (mating type A2 Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100), and MO-4 (mating type A1, Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100). The potato isolates were MO-1 (1996 & 97), MO-3 (1998), and MO-4 (1998). The frequencies of A1 (MO-4) and A2 (MO-3) mating types in potato fields in 1998 were 26 and 74%, respectively. Potato isolates were pathogenic to both potatoes and tomatoes. The isolates collected from tomatoes in 1997 and 1998 were MO-2. Potato and tomato isolates were insensitive and sensitive to metalaxyl, respectively. The change of genotype population in 1998 was probably caused by migration of a new genotype from Europe associated with importation of potato seed. The detection of A1 and A2 mating types in the same potato field indicates the potential for sexual reproduction of P. infestans in Morocco.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document