scholarly journals Allelic Diversity Revealed Through SSR Polymorphisms at the Locus Encoding HMG-CoA Reductase in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Saha ◽  
C. B. Roy ◽  
M. Ravindran ◽  
K. Bini ◽  
M. A. Nazeer
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Repeat Length ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles

AbstractThis study was carried out to define the extent of allelic variation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene (HMGR) in wild Hevea accessions, based on SSR polymorphisms existing at their 3’-untranslated regions (UTRs). Existence of two microsatellite alleles and their repeat compositions was demonstrated earlier in cultivated rubber clones. Both alleles contained perfect poly (AG)n repeats interrupted by a short sequence of 12 nucleotides and allelic variation at this microsatellite locus was the result of repeat length polymorphisms. In wild populations of rubber, nine microsatellite alleles (‘A’ to ‘I’) were identified at the HMGR locus revealing a wide allelic diversity compared to cultivated clones. Out of nine, four alleles (‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’ and ‘G’) were present in higher frequencies than the others. In total, 15 allelic combinations were noticed for HMGR among wild accessions and four of them were unique. Twenty-five out of 60 wild accessions were found to be homozygous for the above four alleles (‘BB’, ‘CC’, ‘DD’ and ‘GG’) and the rest were heterozygous, characterized by 11 different allelic combinations. Repeat-length polymorphisms were noticed in these four alleles prevailing among wild Hevea accessions. Genetic relatedness of Mato Grosso accessions with cultivated Hevea clones, as revealed through this study, is in agreement with earlier reports on phylogenetic studies using molecular markers. This work is a significant step towards understanding the functional variability of HMGR for latex production in Hevea brasiliensis.

scholarly journals Seletividade de acaricidas e inseticidas a ácaros predadores (Acari: Phytoseiidae) encontrados em seringueira no centro-oeste do Brasil

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noeli Juarez Ferla ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Mato Grosso

Euseius concordis (Chant) e Neoseiulus anonymus (Chant & Baker) são ácaros predadores da família Phytoseiidae comumente encontrados em seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) em Mato Grosso, região centro-oeste do Brasil. Este trabalho foi realizado para verificar o efeito de acaricidas e inseticidas-acaricidas empregados em plantações de seringueira, e outros que teriam potencial para serem empregados contra insetos e ácaros considerados pragas dessa cultura, sobre E. concordis e N. anonymus. Utilizou-se o método residual de pulverização em superfície, recomendado como padrão pelo Grupo de Trabalho "Pesticidas e Artrópodes Benéficos", da Organização Internacional de Controle Biológico e Integrado de Plantas e Animais Nocivos/Seção Regional do Paleártico Oeste. Duas concentrações de cada um dos seguintes ingredientes ativos foram utilizadas: acefato, dicofol, endosulfan, formetanate, metomil, monocrotofós, óxido de fenbutatin e propargite. Uma das concentrações utilizadas foi uma média daquelas sugeridas pelos fabricantes para o controle de ácaros e insetos fitófagos presentes em outras culturas, uma vez que nenhum dos produtos testados tem registro para o uso em seringueira e a outra correspondeu à cerca de um terço da primeira. Endosulfan a 320ppm, dicofol a 100ppm e óxido de fenbutatin a 100 e 320ppm foram inócuos a E. concordis, enquanto que endosulfan a 320ppm e dicofol a 100ppm foram inócuos a N. anonymus. Acefato, formetanate e monocrotofós, nas concentrações testadas, foram nocivos às duas espécies.

scholarly journals Polymorphic microsatellites of analysis in cultivars of taro

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel SC Nunes ◽  
Fernanda R Pinhati ◽  
Luciana P Golinelli ◽  
Tiyoko Nair H Rebouças ◽  
Vânia Margaret F Paschoalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellites ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Simple Sequence

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a tuberous plant belonging to the Araceae family whose tuber is the 14th most consumed food crop in the world. Characterized as an unconventional vegetable, taro is grown in Brazil as a subsistence crop, but in recent years began to gain commercial importance, especially in the states of Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. To avoid loss of genetic diversity of the local varieties traditionally grown in Brazil a core collection for taro germplasm has been developed by the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado do Espirito Santo (Incaper). The aim of this study was to perform a molecular characterization of the seven regional core collections. Genetic diversity of the cultivars was investigated by using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) polymorphisms, in seven loci (Xuqtem55, Xuqtem73, Xuqtem84, Xuqtem88, Xuqtem91, Xuqtem97 and Xuqtem110). Genetic diversity of the cultivars, based on the seven microsatellite alleles, was evaluated by using the software GelCompar II, showed that the loci Xuqtem73, Xuqtem88 and Xuqtem110 were the most informative, featuring 7, 10 and 8 alleles, respectively, a percentage of cultivars with polymorphic alleles of 85, 57 and 100% and identical PIC of 0.91. Based on Xuqtem110 locus analysis, the seven cultivars were grouped in two clusters. Chinês Regional Incaper cultivar was originated from Chinês cultivar which originated the São Bento cultivar, corroborating previous results. Macaquinho and Chinês cultivars were shown to be the primitive ones originating the allelic collections found in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Espirito Santo.

Microsatellite and amplified sequence length polymorphisms in cultivated and wild soybean

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Maughan ◽  
M. A. Saghai Maroof ◽  
G. R. Buss
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Simple Sequence

The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the extent of genetic variation in soybean microsatellites (simple sequence repeats or SSRs), (ii) assay for amplified sequence length polymorphisms (ASLPs), and (iii) evaluate the usefulness of SSRs and ASLPs as genetic markers. Five microsatellites detected a total of 79 variants (alleles) in a sample of 94 accessions of wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (G. max). F2 segregation analysis of four of the five microsatellites identified these variants (alleles) with four loci located in independent linkage groups. The number of alleles per microsatellite locus ranged from 5 to 21; to our knowledge these are the largest numbers of alleles for single Mendelian loci reported in soybean. Allelic diversity for the SSR loci was greater in wild than in cultivated soybean. Overall, 43 more SSR alleles were detected in wild than in cultivated soybean. These results indicate that SSRs are the marker of choice, especially for species with low levels of variation as detected by other types of markers. Two alleles were detected at each of the three ASLP loci examined. A total of six ASLP alleles were observed in cultivated soybean and five were observed in wild soybean; all alleles detected in wild soybean were present in cultivated soybean. Allelic diversity values for the ASLP loci were near previous estimates for restriction fragment length polymorphisms and therefore ASLPs may be useful as genetic markers in site-directed mapping.Key words: microsatellite, simple sequence repeat, soybean, amplified sequence length polymorphism, genetic mapping.

scholarly journals The Autolysin-Encoding Gene (lytA) ofStreptococcus pneumoniae Displays Restricted Allelic Variation despite Localized Recombination Events with Genes of Pneumococcal Bacteriophage Encoding Cell Wall Lytic Enzymes

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 4551-4556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian M. Whatmore ◽  
Christopher G. Dowson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Vaccine Target ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Cell Wall Lytic Enzymes

ABSTRACT The lytA-encoded autolysin (N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase) ofStreptococcus pneumoniae is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection and has been identified as a putative vaccine target. Allelic diversity oflytA in an extensive collection of clinical isolates was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and confirmatory sequencing studies. Genetic diversity within lytA is limited, especially compared to the high levels of diversity seen in other pneumococcal virulence factor genes, although small blocks generating mosaic structure were identified. Sequence comparisons with genes encoding cell wall lytic enzymes of pneumococcal bacteriophage suggest that localized recombination events have occurred between hostlytA and these bacteriophage genes. These results confirm earlier suggestions that recombination between DNA encoding bacteriophage autolytic enzymes and chromosomally encodedlytA might be important in the evolution oflytA. The implications of these findings for understanding the evolution of lytA and the potential utility of LytA as a vaccine target are discussed.

scholarly journals Retrospective Determination of the Parental Population of Superior Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedlings and Association of Microsatellite Alleles with Productivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Schnell ◽  
C.T. Olano ◽  
J.S. Brown ◽  
A.W. Meerow ◽  
C. Cervantes-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Unbiased Gene ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Commercial production of cacao in Hawaii is increasing, and this trend is expected to continue over the next several years. The increased acreages are being planted with seedlings from introduced and uncharacterized cacao populations from at least three initial introductions of cacao into the islands. Productive seedlings have been selected from a planting at Waialua, Oahu. The parents of these selections were believed to be the population at the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center (HARC) at Kunia; however, potential parental populations also exist at Univ. of Hawaii research stations at Waimanalo and Malama Ki. Using microsatellite markers, we analyzed the potential parental populations to identify the parents and determine the genetic background for 99 productive and 50 unproductive seedlings from the Waialua site. Based on 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci the parental population was identified as trees from Waimanalo and not trees from Malama Ki or Kunia. The Kunia and Malama Ki populations were very similar with low allelic diversity (A = 1.92) and low unbiased gene diversity (Hnb) of 0.311 and 0.329, respectively, and were determined to be Trinitario in type. The Waimanalo, productive seedling, and unproductive seedling populations had much higher levels of genetic diversity with Hnb of 0.699, 0.686, and 0.686, respectively, and were determined to be upper Amazon Forastero hybridized with Trinitario in type. An additional 46 microsatellite markers were amplified and analyzed in the Waimanalo parents, productive, and unproductive seedlings for a total of 65 loci. Seventeen loci contained alleles that were significantly associated with productive seedlings as determined by Armitage's trend test. Of these, 13 loci (76.4%) co-located with previously reported quantitative trait loci for productivity traits. These markers may prove useful for marker assisted selection and demonstrate the potential of association genetic studies in perennial tree crops such as cacao.

scholarly journals Distribuição espacial e plano de amostragem de Calacarus heveae (Acari) em seringueira

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noeli Juarez Ferla ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes ◽  
Olivier Bonato
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mato Grosso

Calacarus heveae Feres, 1992 é um eriofídeo descrito de espécimes coletados em plantas de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis, Euphorbiaceae) na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Esse ácaro prefere a face adaxial dos folíolos e pode causar a perda do brilho, amarelecimento, bronzeamento dessa região e a subseqüente queda prematura das folhas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a distribuição de C. heveae em seringueira, selecionar a unidade de amostragem mais representativa e desenvolver um plano de amostragem para o estudo de sua flutuação populacional. O trabalho foi conduzido com os clones PB 260 e IAN 873, respectivamente nos municípios de Itiquira e de Pontes e Lacerda, ambos no Mato Grosso. Em Itiquira, diferenças significativas foram observadas em quatro ocasiões em relação ao número médio de ácaros por folha nos diferentes estratos das plantas. Nas amostragens realizadas em Pontes e Lacerda, nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre os estratos em relação àquele parâmetro. Apenas em Itiquira, em uma ocasião de amostragem, foi verificada diferença entre os três estratos, em relação à proporção de folhas infestadas. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi verificada em relação ao número médio de ácaros por folha e proporção de folhas infestadas por C. heveae a diferentes distâncias da periferia da copa. Calacarus heveae exibe distribuição agregada no campo. Para estimar a densidade de C. heveae, um plano numérico e um plano binomial de amostragem foram desenvolvidos.

Chloroquine-resistant isolates of Plasmodium falciparum with alternative CG2 omega repeat length polymorphisms.

2000 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R McCutcheon ◽  
B L Sharp ◽  
M B Markus ◽  
J A Freese ◽  
J A Frean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Repeat Length ◽  
Length Polymorphisms

Leptopharsa heveae. [Distribution map].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor. Hemiptera: Tingidae. Hosts: rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in South America (Amazonas, Espirito Santo, Goias, Mato Grosso, Para, Rondonia, Sao Paulo, Colombia, French Guiana).

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