scholarly journals Annual Fertility Variation in Clonal Seed Orchards of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and its Impact on Seed Crop

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nicodemus ◽  
M. Varghese ◽  
B. Nagarajan ◽  
D. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Kerala State

Abstract Fertility variation was studied in two clonal seed orchards (CSO) of teak in four consecutive years (2003-2006). Both orchards were raised in 1976 with grafts of phenotypes selected for growth and form. The seed orchards of CSO I (Topslip, Tamil Nadu State) and CSO II (Walayar, Kerala State) have 15 and 20 clones, respectively, with 13 common clones. The proportion of flowering ramets was generally low ranging from 16 to 53% across years. The best fruit yield during the study period was around 18 kg ha-1 in CSO I and 17 kg ha-1 in CSO II. Highly significant clonal variation and clone by year and clone by site interactions were observed for fertility traits. The clonal contribution was more skewed in poor flowering years than in abundant flowering years and in CSO II than in CSO I. Broad sense heritability for flower and fruit production per tree was low to moderate (0.16 to 0.55). Flower and fruit production by individual ramets in successive years were positively correlated. Correlations between reproductive and growth traits were generally low, but correlation was strong between flowering and fruiting. Fertility variation and group coancestry were higher in poor flowering years than in abundant years and in CSO II than CSO I. Restricting seed collection to abundant flowering years, adjusting ramet number to balance contribution of clones and mixing of seeds from successive years are suggested to reduce relatedness among orchard progeny. The usefulness of low input breeding options for teak like seed production areas are also discussed.

The millipede genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4980 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
MATHILAKATH DASAN ASWATHY ◽  
SERGEI I. GOLOVATCH ◽  
AMBALAPARAMBIL VASU SUDHIKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
A New Species

Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932 is briefly redescribed, rediagnosed, and shown to be an oligotypic genus endemic to southern India and distinct from the particularly similar genus Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892, monobasic and endemic to Sri Lanka, by several important features of peripheral and, especially, gonopodal structure. A new species, Klimakodesmus bilobocaudatus sp. nov., is described from Kerala state, India, differing from the sole accepted, and type species K. gravelyi Carl, 1932, from Tamil Nadu state, primarily by the laterally trilobate paraterga, the caudally more deeply bilobate mid-dorsal keel on ring 19, and certain minor details of the gonopodal structure. 

Martensopoda gen. nov. from southern Indian mountain ranges, the first genus of huntsman spiders with a cymbial spur (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1325 (1) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER JÄGER
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Median Septum ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
First Time

The genus Martensopoda gen. nov. is established for two species from South India with distinct and apomorphic features in their copulatory organs. A cymbial spur in the male copulatory organs is reported the first time in the Sparassidae. The embolus’ loop — unique to Heteropodinae — is oriented transversally to the plane of the alveolus. Females exhibit spirally coiled copulatory openings similar to those of Spariolenus, but with a posterior pit at the median septum and with lateral loops of the internal duct system. Martensopoda transversa sp. nov. is described from Cardamon Hills in Kerala State (male, female), Martensopoda minuscula (Reimoser 1934) comb. nov. is known only from females and is recorded from Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu State.

scholarly journals Notes on the extended distribution of Impatiens megamalayana, a recently described balsam in Western Ghats, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 19878-19883
Author(s):  
Anoop P. Balan ◽  
A.J. Robi
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Future Reference

Impatiens megamalayana is a recently described balsam from the Megamalai hills of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu state. This is a small, annual herb with ridged stem, often distributed in open, wet, rocky grasslands above 1,000 m elevation. The plant considered endemic to the Megamalai hills of Tamil Nadu is recently located in the Urumbikkara hills of Idukki district in Kerala state, which is about 120 km away from its original locality. Urumbikkara is an emerging tourist destination in central Kerala and the newly located populations of the plant are outside protected forest areas and are facing severe threat due to anthrapogenic activities. A detailed description, photographs and distribution maps are provided to facilitate easy identification of the plant in the field. An updated checklist of the genus Impatiens in Kerala state is also furnished for future reference.

Impact of Fertility Variation on Gene Diversity and Drift in two Clonal Seed Orchards of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)

New Forests ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Varghese ◽  
A. Nicodemus ◽  
B. Nagarajan ◽  
D. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Fertility Variation

scholarly journals Livelihood Status of Neem Seed Pickers and Constraints in Seed Collection and Procurement in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
pp. 382-392
Author(s):  
L. K. Baburaj ◽  
J. Venkata Pirabu ◽  
D. Suresh Kumar ◽  
A. Vidhyavathi ◽  
R. Pushpavalli
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Market Intervention

Aims: Neem Seeds have considerable economic significance due to a variety of commercial usages. Realising the significance of neem, the present study aimed to understand the rural households’ participation in neem seed collection and issues in collection and sales. Study Design: Simple random sampling method was followed.  Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted in Tamil Nadu state covering seven districts namely Coimbatore, Dindigul, Dharmapuri, Madurai, Sivagangai, Thoothukudi and Vellore. A total of 450 households who involved in neem seed collection was selected and studied. The data collected was pertaining to the year 2019-20. Methodology: Simple mean, percentage analysis, standard deviation and Garrett Ranking techniques were employed. Results: Ninety seven percent of the neem seed collectors are above 30 years.  Majority of the neem seed collectors are illiterate mostly belong to the category of more than 50 years and 30 to 50 years. Agriculture based households members generally involved in neem seed collection. Majority of the neem seed collectors (61 per cent) collect neem seeds in local village itself. Around 26 per cent of the respondents visit nearby villages to collect neem seeds. To collect neem seeds, the rural households travel 4.65 km daily, with a minimum of 2.0 km and maximum of 7.0 km in a day. The constraints in seed collection are time consuming, travel long to collect seeds, less remunerative, less productive etc. The major constraints in selling include poor price offered by the traders, lack of awareness on price in other markets, lack of awareness about quality. Conclusion: Programmes like price support, market intervention in the form of price dissemination, market and transport infrastructure will help the rural people to fetch better price for their collected neem seeds.

scholarly journals Fertility and Effective Population Size in Seedling Seed Orchards of Casuarina equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Varghese ◽  
D. Lindgren ◽  
A. Nicodemus
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Fertility Variation

Abstract Two seedling seed orchards each of C. equisetifolia and C. junghuhniana established by thinning provenance trials in coastal and inland locations in South India were evaluated for sex expression and fertility variation at four years. More than 80% of the trees in C. equisetifolia orchards were fertile in both sites with a similar pattern of more (almost 2 times) female trees and equal proportion of monoecious and non-flowering trees. In C. junghuhniana, the coastal orchard had twice the proportion of fertile trees as that of the inland. Orchards established in coastal environment had less fertility variation and hence maintained lower coancestry values in both species. Coastal site has more trees contributing effectively to seed production than inland locations and the orchards maintain higher (almost two times) effective population sizes. Genetic drift is also 3 times higher in inland locations in both species. Male and female trees in inland orchards of both species however had greater reproductive output than coastal trees. Monoecious Casuarina equisetifolia trees showed a different trend of greater male fertility in coastal site, but seed output was the same in both locations. Gene diversity values of all orchards are high though it is marginally higher in coastal sites. Measures like constrained seed collection from large number of trees and promoting representation of superior provenances with low fertility would be useful in checking diversity loss during domestication.

scholarly journals Two additions to the flora of Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 20288-20291
Author(s):  
P. Murugan ◽  
Basil Paul ◽  
M. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
Kerala State

Acilepis pothigaiana (Asteraceae) and Psychotria henryana (Rubiaceae), are recently described taxa which are endemic to Tamil Nadu state. The present paper reports two distribution records for Kerala state. A short description along with nomenclature, distribution, image, and phenology is provided for further research.

A Study on Job Satisfaction among Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) Employees at Tiruvarur Branch

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
M. Ganesan, K ◽  
K. Veerakumar ◽  
N. R Vembu ◽  
Dr. M. K Durgamani ◽  
Dr. Renuka
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Labour Turnover

Job satisfaction is an important factor for employees working in formal and informal sector. The job is small or big, permanent or temporary, risky or non-risky, job satisfaction is important. It is the mental feeling which drives the employees to excel. Job satisfaction is a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental circumstances. A satisfied employee is a contented and happy human being. The labour turnover depends upon job satisfaction. Even highly paid employees quit the job when they are not satisfied with the job. Road transportation in Tamilnadu is growing day by day. Job stress in the road transportation is very high due to increase in number of vehicle playing on the road and heavy traffic. The drivers and conductors working in public transport corporation are suffering from high job stress. If drivers and conductors are not satisfied with their job which leads to mental stresses and affects the productivity and also creates accidents. In this present study the researchers made an attempt to study the level of job satisfaction among the drivers and conductors who are working in the Tamilnadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC). The study reveals the expectations of drivers and conductors working in TNSTC with regards to the attributes like salary, promotion and fringe benefits etc., are satisfactory and not detrimental. 

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin B12 Status and Risk of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Birth Defects in Tamil Nadu State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-576
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Munger ◽  
Rajarajeswari Kuppuswamy ◽  
Jyotsna Murthy ◽  
Kalpana Balakrishnan ◽  
Gurusamy Thangavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tamil Nadu State

Background and Objective: The causal role of maternal nutrition in orofacial clefts is uncertain. We tested hypotheses that low maternal vitamin B12 and low folate status are each associated with an increased risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) in a case–control study in Tamil Nadu state, India. Methods: Case-mothers of CL±P children (n = 47) and control-mothers of unaffected children (n = 50) were recruited an average of 1.4 years after birth of the index child and plasma vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid (MMA), total homocysteine (tHcy), and folate were measured at that time. Logistic regression analyses estimated associations between nutrient biomarkers and case–control status. Results: Odds ratios (ORs) contrasting biomarker levels showed associations between case-mothers and low versus high plasma vitamin B12 (OR = 2.48, 95% CI, 1.02-6.01) and high versus low plasma MMA, an indicator of poor B12 status (OR = 3.65 95% CI, 1.21-11.05). Case–control status was not consistently associated with folate or tHcy levels. Low vitamin B12 status, when defined by a combination of both plasma vitamin B12 and MMA levels, had an even stronger association with case-mothers (OR = 6.54, 95% CI, 1.33-32.09). Conclusions: Mothers of CL±P children in southern India were 6.5 times more likely to have poor vitamin B12 status, defined by multiple biomarkers, compared to control-mothers. Further studies in populations with diverse nutritional backgrounds are required to determine whether poor maternal vitamin B12 or folate levels or their interactions are causally related to CL±P.

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