scholarly journals Genetic variation between and within ex-situ native-provenance collections of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in Australia and New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bian ◽  
W. J. Gapare ◽  
M. Ivković ◽  
P. Jefferson ◽  
H. X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Core Length ◽  
Provenance Trials

AbstractA total of 1226 increment cores were sampled from two provenance trials of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in New Zealand (Kaingaroa) and Australia (Kangaroovale), to study variation and inheritance of wood density in selections from three mainland California natural populations: Año Nuevo, Monterey and Cambria. The study represents a back-to-back comparison of the same provenance and family material on contrasting sites between New Zealand and Australia. Monterey was significantly different to Año Nuevo and Cambria at Kaingaroa (p<0.05), and had slightly higher density, whereas all provenances were almost identical and not significantly different at Kangaroovale. However, there were significant differences for wood density at family level for Año Nuevo and Cambria at Kangaroovale. No significant provenance or family differences were detected for core length at either site. The estimates of heritability for wood density were all above 0.50 and generally higher at Kaingaroa than at Kangaroovale. Estimates of additive genetic correlations between wood density and core length were imprecise. Genotype × site interactions for density appeared minor (estimated type-B genetic correlation= 0.70) despite substantial differences in rainfall and soils. The similarity of Cambria to Año Nuevo for density is an interesting result because the genetic base of the present Australian and New Zealand plantations has been shown to be from Año Nuevo and Monterey. Infusion of Cambria material would increase the overall genetic base of the radiata pine breeding programs, with potential long-term benefits, despite the often disappointing growth performance of material collected from Cambria.

Implications of selection history on genetic architecture of growth, form, and wood-quality traits in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2372-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. D. Burdon ◽  
G. T. Stovold ◽  
L. D. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Selection History

Clonal trials of Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine), representing two populations (or breeds), one selected for growth and form (GF) and the other selected for high wood density as well as growth and form (HD), were replicated on two low-altitude New Zealand sites: Tarawera (pumice soil, 38°08′S) and Woodhill (coastal dune, 36°42′S). The GF material comprised 33 pair-crosses (19 parents) × 10 clones, and the HD material comprised 19 single-pair crosses (35 parents) × 10 clones, with six ramets per clone per site. Diameter (DBH), two tree-form variables, and needle retention (NRA) were assessed 8 years after planting, and wood density (DEN), acoustic velocity, and collapse were assessed 9 years after planting. The site differences were generally expressed more strongly in the GF population. Estimated genetic parameters were mostly similar for the two breeds, except that genotypic correlation between DBH and DEN was apparently zero in the HD population. Estimated broad-sense heritabilities (H2) were generally markedly higher than narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2), except with DEN. Estimated between-site type-B clonal genotypic correlations were generally high (>0.8) for wood properties. Overall, DBH showed adverse genetic correlations with wood properties. The Elite/Breed strategy appeared to be helpful in combating adverse genetic correlations.

scholarly journals Modelling variation in wood density within and among trees in stands of New Zealand-grown radiata pine

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Dave J. Cown ◽  
Russell B. McKinley ◽  
John R. Moore ◽  
Leslie J. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Radiata Pine

Ophiostomatoid fungi isolated from Pinus radiata logs imported from New Zealand to Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim ◽  
Young Woon Lim ◽  
Colette Breuil
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Native Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Ophiostomatoid fungi discolor lumber, logs, and tree sapwood. Stained wood has a lower market value and can be refused by importing customers because such products can potentially carry pathogenic fungi. Little information is available on the ophiostomatoid fungi that colonize Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) logs imported from New Zealand into Korea. In this work, we attempted to identify the native and non-native fungi colonizing wood imported into Korea. At least 12 species of ophiostomatoid fungi, including an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A, were identified among the fungi-staining radiata pine. They were Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingf., Leptographium bistatum Kim & Kim, Ophiostoma floccosum Mathiesen, Ophiostoma huntii (Rob.) Hoog & Scheff., Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (David.) Hoog, Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgév.) Nannf., Ophiostoma radiaticola Kim et al., and Ophiostoma setosum Uzunovic et al. Of these species, O. floccosum was the dominant species in both logs and boards. We confirmed that many of the sapstain species that we isolated have been previously reported in Korea. However, four species, O. radiatcola, O. setosum, O. huntii, and O. nigrocarpum have not been reported previously in Korea. We also found the new species, L. bistatum, along with an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A.Key words: radiata pine, ophiostomatoid fungi, New Zealand, non-native organisms, β-tubulin gene.

Genetic improvement of resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast in Pinus radiata

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Suontama ◽  
Yongjun Li ◽  
Charlie B. Low ◽  
Heidi S. Dungey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Selection For

Progeny testing of resistance to needle loss caused by Cyclaneusma minus (cyclaneusma needle cast) has been included in the needle disease resistance strategy of Pinus radiata D. Don in New Zealand since the late 1970s. Data on progeny trials, two in the North Island of New Zealand and one in Tasmania, Australia, were available to estimate heritability between trait genetic correlations and genotype × environment interaction. Resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast had moderate estimates of heritability (0.25 to 0.46) at all sites. Genetic correlations between the assessed traits indicated that selection for faster early growth, i.e., tree height at age 4 years and diameter at breast height at age 6 years, favours trees that are prone to Cyclaneusma infection, while a favourable genetic association between resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast and productivity was evident at a later assessment at age 9 years. No significant genotype × environment interaction was found for resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast; however, stability of genotypes across a wider range of environments and with a high genetic connectedness requires more research. Considerable genetic improvement can be achieved for resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast and indirect selection for the trait should be pursued by selecting for productivity and culling susceptible genotypes from breeding.

scholarly journals A New Breeding Strategy for Pinus radiata in New Zealand and New South Wales

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Dungey ◽  
J. T. Brawner ◽  
F. Burger ◽  
M. Carson ◽  
M. Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Strategy

Abstract A new breeding strategy is presented for the Radiata Pine Breeding Company, a New Zealand based research consortium, that drives the breeding program for Pinus radiata for both the New Zealand and New South Wales based Australian forest plantation industry. The new strategy builds on the existing base for P. radiata, and on the last strategy review in 2000. The new strategy comprises a large open-pollinated (OP) Main Population (MP) with 500 female parents and two sublines (250 female parents per subline). The MP will be tested using alpha designs, single-tree plots and incomplete blocks to maximise efficiency. Each subline will be tested on four sites, geographically distant from the other subline. The MP will be managed in discrete generations. Selection of the next generation will be using a combination of backward and forward selection, but the strict control of inbreeding with identified lineage will rely on the development of parental reconstruction for OP progeny. There are alternatives to this, however, such as estimating the group coancestry and accepting some additional increase in inbreeding. This is a new and significant departure from previous breeding strategies for P. radiata in New Zealand. There will also be a single, small Elite Population (EP), tested 50% as progeny and 50% as clones. Twenty four parents will be tested each year as clones and 24 as seedling progeny with some overlap between the two. It is expected that the clonal population will capture the greatest gains in traits with low heritabilities, and the half-sib progeny will capture the greatest gains in traits with high heritabilities. The two sublines will be maintained in the EP, and breeding will be managed as a rolling front with trials established every year, while trials of the MP will be established every 10 years.

Genetic parameter estimates for wood stiffness, strength, internal checking, and resin bleeding for radiata pine

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2601-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees

Data from two separate experiments were used to estimate genetic parameters for different wood properties of Pinus radiata D. Don in New Zealand. In experiment 1, 72 and 60 open-pollinated families were sampled at two sites, Kinleith and Paengaroa, respectively. Fifty-nine such families were common to both sites. In experiment 2, 62 and 29 pollen-parent families were sampled from a female-tester trial at two sites, Kaingaroa and Warrengong (the latter in Australia), respectively. Twenty-nine such families were common to both sites. Clearwood stiffness (MOE) and strength (MOR), wood density (DEN), acoustic stiffness on standing trees (IMLH), acoustic stiffness in 5-m logs (HITMAN), external resin bleeding (ERB), internal checking from discs taken at 1.3-m and 3.0-m height (CHEK_B and CHEK_U), and diameter at breast height (DBH) were assessed. Within-site narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates of various wood properties were consistent, particularly within New Zealand. Across-sites estimates of h2 of HITMAN, CHEK_B, and DEN were, respectively, 0.24, 0.40, and 0.62 in experiment 1 and 0.21, 0.16, and 0.38 in experiment 2. Estimated type B genetic correlations were generally high for all traits except DBH. DEN showed strong positive genetic correlation with all direct and acoustic measures of stiffness (MOE, HITMAN, and IMLH). DEN and all measures of stiffness showed low to moderate negative genetic correlations with DBH.

Interactions between influences of genotype and grass competition on growth and wood stiffness of juvenile radiata pine in a summer-dry environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2454-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan G Mason
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Four Levels

Clones of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) were established in two experiments on two contrasting pasture sites in Canterbury, New Zealand, with four levels of competition from grass as main plots within each experiment. Control was extended over the first 5 years at one site, whereas grass at the other site was controlled by a single herbicidal spray immediately after planting. At the latter site, 1 m diameter spots cleared with herbicide were compared with the same size spot created using a woven mat. Grass competition added up to 3 years to a rotation, and the gain from control was correlated with spot size. Competition control was most critical during the first year after planting. Trees grown within spots cleared by mats grew more slowly than those in weed-free spots cleared with herbicide. Green dynamic modulus of elasticity was related to genotype and increased with both slenderness and higher levels of pruning. Significant interactions between genotype and level of competition were observed for growth, indicating that choice of genotype can be a useful way of coping with pasture competition if managers wish to reduce the use of herbicides.

Performance differences among ex situ native-provenance collections of Pinus radiata D. Don. 1: potential for infusion into breeding populations in Australia and New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington J. Gapare ◽  
Brian S. Baltunis ◽  
Miloš Ivković ◽  
Charlie B. Low ◽  
Paul Jefferson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Breeding Populations

scholarly journals The influence of stocking levels, clone, fertilization, and weed control on surface CO2 efflux in a mid-rotation Pinus radiata D. Don plantation in Canterbury, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan KC ◽  
Euan G. Mason ◽  
Horacio E. Bown
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Four Seasons

AbstractSilvicultural practices applied in managed forest plantations may help counteract the effects of climate change by influencing soil surface CO2 efflux (Fs). Understanding the effects of silvicultural practices on Fs will provide unbiased estimates of carbon fluxes and allow better silvicultural decisions for carbon sequestration. Therefore, we assessed how Fs differed seasonally across silvicultural practices (i.e., stocking levels, clone, fertilization and weed control treatments) and evaluated the effects of soil temperature (Ts) and soil volumetric water content (θv) on Fs across these practices for a mid-rotation (14 year-old) Pinus radiata plantation in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. There were significant differences in Fs (p < 0.05) over the four seasons, three levels of stocking, and five clones. The effects of fertilization and weed control applied 12 years previously on Fs were insignificant. Annual estimate of Fs (mean ± 1 standard deviation) from the study site was 22.7 ± 7.1 t ha−1 a−1 in the form of CO2 (6.2 ± 2.1 t ha−1 a−1 in the form of C). Fs values were consistently higher in plots with 1250 stems ha−1 compared to 2500 stems ha−1, which may be related to a strong soil resource limitation because of the close spacing in the latter plantation. Significant differences in Fs across clones suggest that variations in carbon partitioning might explain their growth performance. Silvicultural treatments influenced Fs response to soil temperature (p < 0.05), resulting in models explaining 28–49% of the total variance in Fs. These findings provide insights into how silvicultural management decisions may impact Fs in mid-rotation radiata pine plantations, contributing towards developing more precise and unbiased plantation carbon budgets.

scholarly journals Optimum spot weed control treatment for a New Zealand radiata pine (Pinus radiata) plantation

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
S.F. Gous ◽  
B. Richardson ◽  
M.O. Kimberley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Longterm Treatment ◽  
Control Tree ◽  
Individual Trees

A trial was established in the South Island of New Zealand to investigate the response of Pinus radiata to varying the area and duration of weed control around individual trees Results after six years demonstrated that weed control was essential to ensure maximum survival and growth of Pinus radiata seedlings Maintaining weed control for two seasons following planting resulted in marginally higher stand productivity than where weed control was applied in the year of planting only A modelling approach was used to determine treatment effects in terms of a time difference and to make inferences on longterm treatment effects Without weed control tree volume six years after planting was more than 15 years behind trees given complete weed control Spot vegetation control resulted in similar tree growth to total control as long as the area and duration of weed control was greater than a 1 m spot maintained for 1 year

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