Genetic parameter estimates for wood stiffness, strength, internal checking, and resin bleeding for radiata pine

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2601-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees

Data from two separate experiments were used to estimate genetic parameters for different wood properties of Pinus radiata D. Don in New Zealand. In experiment 1, 72 and 60 open-pollinated families were sampled at two sites, Kinleith and Paengaroa, respectively. Fifty-nine such families were common to both sites. In experiment 2, 62 and 29 pollen-parent families were sampled from a female-tester trial at two sites, Kaingaroa and Warrengong (the latter in Australia), respectively. Twenty-nine such families were common to both sites. Clearwood stiffness (MOE) and strength (MOR), wood density (DEN), acoustic stiffness on standing trees (IMLH), acoustic stiffness in 5-m logs (HITMAN), external resin bleeding (ERB), internal checking from discs taken at 1.3-m and 3.0-m height (CHEK_B and CHEK_U), and diameter at breast height (DBH) were assessed. Within-site narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates of various wood properties were consistent, particularly within New Zealand. Across-sites estimates of h2 of HITMAN, CHEK_B, and DEN were, respectively, 0.24, 0.40, and 0.62 in experiment 1 and 0.21, 0.16, and 0.38 in experiment 2. Estimated type B genetic correlations were generally high for all traits except DBH. DEN showed strong positive genetic correlation with all direct and acoustic measures of stiffness (MOE, HITMAN, and IMLH). DEN and all measures of stiffness showed low to moderate negative genetic correlations with DBH.

Implications of selection history on genetic architecture of growth, form, and wood-quality traits in Pinus radiata

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2372-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. D. Burdon ◽  
G. T. Stovold ◽  
L. D. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Selection History

Clonal trials of Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine), representing two populations (or breeds), one selected for growth and form (GF) and the other selected for high wood density as well as growth and form (HD), were replicated on two low-altitude New Zealand sites: Tarawera (pumice soil, 38°08′S) and Woodhill (coastal dune, 36°42′S). The GF material comprised 33 pair-crosses (19 parents) × 10 clones, and the HD material comprised 19 single-pair crosses (35 parents) × 10 clones, with six ramets per clone per site. Diameter (DBH), two tree-form variables, and needle retention (NRA) were assessed 8 years after planting, and wood density (DEN), acoustic velocity, and collapse were assessed 9 years after planting. The site differences were generally expressed more strongly in the GF population. Estimated genetic parameters were mostly similar for the two breeds, except that genotypic correlation between DBH and DEN was apparently zero in the HD population. Estimated broad-sense heritabilities (H2) were generally markedly higher than narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2), except with DEN. Estimated between-site type-B clonal genotypic correlations were generally high (>0.8) for wood properties. Overall, DBH showed adverse genetic correlations with wood properties. The Elite/Breed strategy appeared to be helpful in combating adverse genetic correlations.

Genetic parameters and correlations between stem size, forking, and flowering in teak (Tectona grandis)

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1145-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Callister
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The genetic improvement of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.), a high value tropical hardwood, has been hindered by a paucity of genetic parameter estimates. In particular, an association between flowering age and forking height has been suggested but never before quantified. In this study, 3- to 6-year data from a cloned progeny test were used to estimate heritability and genetic correlations among stem size, forking, and flowering traits. Mean narrow-sense heritability estimates [Formula: see text] were 0.09–0.10, and mean broad-sense heritability estimates ([Formula: see text]) were 0.38–0.45 for stem size traits. There were no age trends in [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Age–age additive and nonadditive genetic correlations were strong and were not related to the time interval between measurements. Forking height and forking age were under weak to moderate genetic control. Flowering age was under substantially greater genetic control, with [Formula: see text] of 0.21 and [Formula: see text] of 0.46. Additive and nonadditive genetic correlations between forking height and flowering age were estimated to be 0.84 and 0.55, respectively. Improvement of forking height was calculated to be almost twice as efficient by indirect selection on late flowering. These results suggest that within-provenance selection for teak stem size need not be delayed beyond 3 years and that indirect selection on flowering age will improve forking height.

scholarly journals Realized Sampling Variances of Estimates of Genetic Parameters and the Difference Between Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R Koots ◽  
John P Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Sampling Variance ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract A data set of 1572 heritability estimates and 1015 pairs of genetic and phenotypic correlation estimates, constructed from a survey of published beef cattle genetic parameter estimates, provided a rare opportunity to study realized sampling variances of genetic parameter estimates. The distribution of both heritability estimates and genetic correlation estimates, when plotted against estimated accuracy, was consistent with random error variance being some three times the sampling variance predicted from standard formulae. This result was consistent with the observation that the variance of estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations between populations were about four times the predicted sampling variance, suggesting few real differences in genetic parameters between populations. Except where there was a strong biological or statistical expectation of a difference, there was little evidence for differences between genetic and phenotypic correlations for most trait combinations or for differences in genetic correlations between populations. These results suggest that, even for controlled populations, estimating genetic parameters specific to a given population is less useful than commonly believed. A serendipitous discovery was that, in the standard formula for theoretical standard error of a genetic correlation estimate, the heritabilities refer to the estimated values and not, as seems generally assumed, the true population values.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Assessment of Wood Stiffness in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its Use in Forest Tree Improvement

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Fundova ◽  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Using Data

Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg·m−3 (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith–Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.

Genetic parameter estimates (full sib and half sib analysis) of fertility and hatchability in two strains of Rhode Island chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
M. Orunmuyi ◽  
I. A. Adeyinka ◽  
O.O Oni
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimates

A study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of fertility and hatchability in two strains of Rhode Island Red (RIR) Chickens denoted as Strain A and Strain B respectively using the full-sib (sire +dam variance) and maternal half-sib (dam variance) components. The birds were obtained from the selected populations of RIR Chickens kept at the poultry breeding programme of National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria. Settable eggs were collected from mating 28 cocks to 252 hens in a ratio of 1cock:9 hens from each strain. Eggs were pedigreed according to sire and dam. Results showed that values obtained for number of egg set (EGGSET), number of fertile eggs (NFERT), number of hatched chicks (NHATCH), percentage of chicks hatched from total eggs set (PHATCH) and percentage of chicks hatched from fertile eggs (PHATCHBL) were all higher in strain A than strain B. Heritability estimates obtained from the full-sib and maternal half-sib analysis ranged from medium to high for the two strains (0.24-0.96). The maternal half sib estimates were higher (0.40-0.96) than the estimates obtained from full sibs (0.24- 0.48). Genetic and phenotypic correlations obtained for both strains were positive and similar regardless of method of estimation. Genetic correlations between EGGSET and PFERT were low in strain A using both full-sib and maternal half-sib analyses (0.09-0.14). Phenotypic correlations between EGGSET and PFERT, PHATCH and PHATCHBL were also low in both strains and regardless of method of analyses. Moderate to high heritability estimates suggest that genetic improvement can be obtained by selection of these reproductive traits. The full-sib analysis for estimating heritability will be preferred since it is assumed that only additive genetic variance contributes to the covariance between family members.

SIRE BY HERD INTERACTIONS FOR MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION TRAITS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Reduced Model ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Reduced Models

A total of 13,561 Holstein 305-day lactation records from 779 Quebec and Maritime herds enrolled on the Dairy Herd Analysis Service were used to evaluate the importance of sire × herd interactions for milk yield and composition traits. Sire × herd interaction accounted for 4.1, 1.1, 0.3, 2.6 and 5.6% of the total variation of milk, fat and protein yield and fat and protein percent, respectively. Genetic parameter estimates obtained under two different models, a full model that accounted for sire × herd interaction and a reduced model that ignored it, were examined. Heritabilities of milk, fat and protein yield and fat and protein percent were, respectively: for the full model, 0.36, 0.47, 0.45, 0.59 and 0.31 and for the reduced model, 0.49, 0.50, 0.46, 0.66 and 0.46. Phenotypic correlations between the traits were not appreciably different when estimated under the full and reduced models. Genetic correlations between the yield traits were also similar when estimated under the full and reduced models, but genetic correlations between yield and percentage traits were more stongly positive, or less negative, when sire × herd interaction was accounted for. The genetic correlation between fat and protein percent was larger under the reduced model than under the full model.

Genetics of wood stiffness and its component traits inPinus radiata

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1165-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi S Dungey ◽  
A Colin Matheson ◽  
Dominic Kain ◽  
Robert Evans
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Stiffness Modulus ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Selection For

The potential for breeding Pinus radiata D. Don to improve wood stiffness (modulus of elasticity, MoE) was examined by obtaining pith-to-bark cores from trees at breast height in two independent genetic trials. The effectiveness of early selection for stiffness and indirect selection on the component traits, microfibril angle (MfA) and wood density, was determined as well as the age-related changes in the genetic variation of these traits. The first trial comprised 50 open-pollinated families in the central North Island, New Zealand. The second trial comprised 20 control-pollinated families in New South Wales, Australia. The genetic control of MfA, density, and MoE was found to be high in the corewood and moderate in the outerwood. Estimated genetic correlations suggested that early selection for most traits would be successful but could be carried out slightly earlier at the New Zealand site than at the Australian site. To maximize gain in the corewood, selection for MoE and MfA would be most effective around rings 4-8. There were no adverse correlations between MoE and MfA or density, implying that selection for MoE would also improve MfA and density.

Natural variation and genetic parameters in Fraser fir for growth and Christmas tree traits

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1480-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Arnold ◽  
J.B. Jett ◽  
S.E. McKeand
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Height Class

Open-pollinated progeny trials of Fraser fir (Abiesfraseri (Pursh) Poir.) assessed at 8 years provided genetic parameter estimates for growth, Christmas tree quality traits, and wholesale value at harvest age. Significant variation was found between and within nine different seed sources. Estimated individual tree heritabilities of important traits ranged from a low of 0.13 for USDA Christmas tree grade to a moderate value of 0.33 for crown diameter. Heritabilities within the better performing seed sources tended to be higher. Of the two traits that determine wholesale value, USDA grade and height class, the latter proved to have the greater influence, both phenotypically and genetically. Genetic correlations of early age height growth with 8-year total height, height class, USDA Christmas tree grade, and individual tree wholesale value proved favorable and strong (range of 0.57–0.96). In combination with moderate heritabilities for early growth traits, such correlations provide potential for effective early age selections in Fraser fir Christmas trees.

scholarly journals Effects of Breeder Age on Genetic Parameter Estimates of Slaughter and Carcass Traits in Japanese Quail

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eser Kemal Gurcan ◽  
Dogan Narinc ◽  
Selcuk Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Parameter Estimations ◽  
Breast Weight ◽  
Positive Results

This study aimed to determine the phenotypic values of the slaughter and carcass traits in the flocks of quails obtained when a flock of parent quails were at 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age and to estimate the heritabilities and the genetic correlations for these traits. For this purpose, a total of 1,346 Japanese quails were slaughtered at 8 weeks of age, and their slaughter weights as well as carcass, breast, leg, and abdominal fat weights and ratios were determined. Differences in all traits were detected between female and male quails (P<0.05). The averages of many important traits, primarily slaughter weight, carcass weight, and breast weight, increased with the increase in the breeder age. On the contrary, the carcass yield decreased (P<0.05). There were no significant variations in the phenotypic and genetic variances for the slaughter and carcass traits in the flocks obtained when the breeder flock was at different ages. The heritabilities for slaughter weight, carcass weight, and abdominal fat weight were estimated to be moderate, and the genetic correlations among them were estimated to be positive and high. In conclusion, it is possible to state that positive results might be obtained by using the carcass ratio as the criterion for selection in quails. Besides, the breeder age was discovered to have had no significant effect on the genetic parameter estimations.

scholarly journals Genetic parameter estimates for important traits on the fifth generation in red tilapia in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Sang V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Body Colour ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Gxe Interaction

Genetic parameters comprising heritability, genetic correlation and genotype by environment interaction (GxE) for growth survival rate and body colour at harvest were estimated on the 5th selective generation of red tilapia grown in two environments, freshwater and brackishwater ponds. A total of 116 full-half-sib families was produced as well as 4,432 and 3,811 tagged individuals were tested in freshwater and brackishwater ponds, respectively. Genetic parameters were estimated by ASReml 4.1 software. The heritability for body weight and survival rate was high while medium heritability for body colour in freshwater was observed. The heritability for those traits of red tilapia in brackishwater. Together with the figures in earlier publication on previous generations (G1 to G4) in the same selective population, the expected medium to high response acquires if selection is done for each trait. Genetic correlations among harvest body weight, survival rate and body colour are insignificantly different and ranging from -0.25 to 0.37 (P > 0.05). These results implied that selection on one trait do not influence on responses of the other traits. GxE interaction for body weight and body colour between two tested environments is mostly negligible with genetic correlations ranging from 0.63 - 0.80 while it is important for survival trait (rg = -0.17 ± 0.40).

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