Ophiostomatoid fungi isolated from Pinus radiata logs imported from New Zealand to Korea

Ophiostomatoid fungi discolor lumber, logs, and tree sapwood. Stained wood has a lower market value and can be refused by importing customers because such products can potentially carry pathogenic fungi. Little information is available on the ophiostomatoid fungi that colonize Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) logs imported from New Zealand into Korea. In this work, we attempted to identify the native and non-native fungi colonizing wood imported into Korea. At least 12 species of ophiostomatoid fungi, including an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A, were identified among the fungi-staining radiata pine. They were Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingf., Leptographium bistatum Kim & Kim, Ophiostoma floccosum Mathiesen, Ophiostoma huntii (Rob.) Hoog & Scheff., Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (David.) Hoog, Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgév.) Nannf., Ophiostoma radiaticola Kim et al., and Ophiostoma setosum Uzunovic et al. Of these species, O. floccosum was the dominant species in both logs and boards. We confirmed that many of the sapstain species that we isolated have been previously reported in Korea. However, four species, O. radiatcola, O. setosum, O. huntii, and O. nigrocarpum have not been reported previously in Korea. We also found the new species, L. bistatum, along with an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A.Key words: radiata pine, ophiostomatoid fungi, New Zealand, non-native organisms, β-tubulin gene.

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Assessing the virulence of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the pine-infesting weevils to scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.026 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 85-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert Jankowiak

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Fungal Virulence ◽

Ophiostoma Piceae ◽

Blue Stain ◽

Leptographium Procerum ◽

Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽

Ophiostoma Piliferum

The pine-infesting weevils are known to be effective vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi. To understand more about fungal virulence of these fungi, inoculation studies were conducted on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Two-year-old seedlings were wound-inoculated with one of eleven ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pine-infesting weevils. After 11 weeks, a darkened lesion, extending from the point of inoculation, was observed in all species, except for Ophiostoma cf. abietinum Marm. & Butin, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgev.) Nannf., and Sporothrix inflata de Hoog. Seedling mortality was observed in seedlings inoculated with Leptographium truncatum (M.J. Wingf. & Marasas) M.J. Wingf., Leptographium lundbergii Lagerb. & Melin, Leptographium procerum (W.B. Kendr.) M.J. Wingf., Grosmannia radiaticola (J.J. Kim, Seifert & G.H. Kim) Zipfel, Z.W. de Beer & M.J. Wingf., Ophiostoma floccosum Math.-Käärik, Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., and Ophiostoma piliferum (Fr.) Syd. & P. Syd. Ophiostoma minus and L. truncatum caused the largest lesions and sapwood blue-stain in Scots pine. Grosmannia radiaticola, Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd., O. floccosum, O. piliferum, L. lundbergii,and L. procerum produced significantly smaller lesions and sapwood blue-stain than O. minus and L. truncatum, while O. cf. abietinum, O. quercus and S. inflata did not cause any lesions.

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Albino Strains of Ophiostoma Species for Biological Control of Sapstaining Fungi

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2003.036 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 237-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

B. W. Held ◽

J. M. Thwaites ◽

R. L. Farrell ◽

R. A. Blanchette

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

New Zealand ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Field Trials ◽

Wood Chips ◽

Biological Control Potential ◽

Leptographium Procerum ◽

Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽

Ophiostoma Piliferum ◽

Prevalent Species

SummaryAlbino strains ofOphiostoma floccosum,O. piceaeandO. pluriannulatumwere selected and screened for biological control of sapstaining fungi on New Zealand radiata pine (Pinus radiata). Albino strains were obtained through matings and single ascospore isolations from cultures of prevalent species in New Zealand. These strains do not synthesize the melanin-like hyphal pigments of common sapstaining fungi. Additional mating studies were also carried out to obtain isolates ofO. piceaeandO. floccosumthat lacked pigmented fruiting structures. Several albino isolates ofO. piceaewith colorless synnemata and isolates ofO. floccosumwith little to no synnemata were obtained. Biological control potential of the albino isolates was evaluated in the laboratory by challenging them on wood chips with fungi that cause extensive sapstain in pine,Leptographium procerum,Ophiostoma piliferumandSphaeropsis sapinea. Many albino isolates ofO. floccosum,O. piceaeandO. pluriannulatumwere effective in stopping the challenge fungi from staining wood chips and were fast growing and colorless when grown unchallenged on wood chips. Selected albino isolates ofO. pluriannulatumwere used in two field trials in New Zealand to control sapstain. Several strains were found to significantly reduce dark sapstain as compared to the untreated control logs.

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ASSOCIATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FOR THE SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) WITH THE EUROPEAN PINE WEEVIL HYLOBIUS ABIETIS (L.) (COL. CURCULIONIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent126929-4 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 126 (4) ◽

pp. 929-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. Lévieux ◽

D. Piou ◽

P. Cassier ◽

M. André ◽

D. Guillaumin

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Infection Process ◽

Contamination Rate ◽

Hylobius Abietis ◽

Pine Weevil ◽

Leptographium Procerum ◽

Ophiostoma Piliferum ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractIn 1989 and 1990, the contamination rate of the European pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) by several pathogenic fungi for the Scots pine was measured [Leptographium procerum (Kendrick) Wingf. — 45% of the specimens; Pachnodium canum (Upadh. and Kendr.) — 14%; or Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. and P. Syd — 3% (Piou 1993)]. To understand the processes of transportation, a detailed study was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. Several types of spores vectored are found mainly in the thoracic cuticular rounded wells located near the sensorial setae. These wells are connected with an epidermal glandular apparatus whose ultrastructural description is given. We question the origin and composition of these secretions which are believed to protect the spores and contribute to the infection process.

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A New Breeding Strategy for Pinus radiata in New Zealand and New South Wales

Silvae Genetica ◽

10.1515/sg-2009-0004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (1-6) ◽

pp. 28-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

H. S. Dungey ◽

J. T. Brawner ◽

F. Burger ◽

M. Carson ◽

M. Henson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Pinus Radiata ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Forward Selection ◽

Additional Increase ◽

South Wales ◽

New Strategy

Abstract A new breeding strategy is presented for the Radiata Pine Breeding Company, a New Zealand based research consortium, that drives the breeding program for Pinus radiata for both the New Zealand and New South Wales based Australian forest plantation industry. The new strategy builds on the existing base for P. radiata, and on the last strategy review in 2000. The new strategy comprises a large open-pollinated (OP) Main Population (MP) with 500 female parents and two sublines (250 female parents per subline). The MP will be tested using alpha designs, single-tree plots and incomplete blocks to maximise efficiency. Each subline will be tested on four sites, geographically distant from the other subline. The MP will be managed in discrete generations. Selection of the next generation will be using a combination of backward and forward selection, but the strict control of inbreeding with identified lineage will rely on the development of parental reconstruction for OP progeny. There are alternatives to this, however, such as estimating the group coancestry and accepting some additional increase in inbreeding. This is a new and significant departure from previous breeding strategies for P. radiata in New Zealand. There will also be a single, small Elite Population (EP), tested 50% as progeny and 50% as clones. Twenty four parents will be tested each year as clones and 24 as seedling progeny with some overlap between the two. It is expected that the clonal population will capture the greatest gains in traits with low heritabilities, and the half-sib progeny will capture the greatest gains in traits with high heritabilities. The two sublines will be maintained in the EP, and breeding will be managed as a rolling front with trials established every year, while trials of the MP will be established every 10 years.

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Interactions between influences of genotype and grass competition on growth and wood stiffness of juvenile radiata pine in a summer-dry environment

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-098 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 2454-2463 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Euan G Mason

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Pinus Radiata ◽

Dynamic Modulus ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Spot Size ◽

The Other ◽

First Year ◽

Wood Stiffness ◽

Experiment Control ◽

Four Levels

Clones of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) were established in two experiments on two contrasting pasture sites in Canterbury, New Zealand, with four levels of competition from grass as main plots within each experiment. Control was extended over the first 5 years at one site, whereas grass at the other site was controlled by a single herbicidal spray immediately after planting. At the latter site, 1 m diameter spots cleared with herbicide were compared with the same size spot created using a woven mat. Grass competition added up to 3 years to a rotation, and the gain from control was correlated with spot size. Competition control was most critical during the first year after planting. Trees grown within spots cleared by mats grew more slowly than those in weed-free spots cleared with herbicide. Green dynamic modulus of elasticity was related to genotype and increased with both slenderness and higher levels of pruning. Significant interactions between genotype and level of competition were observed for growth, indicating that choice of genotype can be a useful way of coping with pasture competition if managers wish to reduce the use of herbicides.

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The influence of stocking levels, clone, fertilization, and weed control on surface CO2 efflux in a mid-rotation Pinus radiata D. Don plantation in Canterbury, New Zealand

Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1007/s11676-021-01298-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohan KC ◽

Euan G. Mason ◽

Horacio E. Bown

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Weed Control ◽

Pinus Radiata ◽

Resource Limitation ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Co2 Efflux ◽

Silvicultural Practices ◽

Four Seasons

AbstractSilvicultural practices applied in managed forest plantations may help counteract the effects of climate change by influencing soil surface CO2 efflux (Fs). Understanding the effects of silvicultural practices on Fs will provide unbiased estimates of carbon fluxes and allow better silvicultural decisions for carbon sequestration. Therefore, we assessed how Fs differed seasonally across silvicultural practices (i.e., stocking levels, clone, fertilization and weed control treatments) and evaluated the effects of soil temperature (Ts) and soil volumetric water content (θv) on Fs across these practices for a mid-rotation (14 year-old) Pinus radiata plantation in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. There were significant differences in Fs (p < 0.05) over the four seasons, three levels of stocking, and five clones. The effects of fertilization and weed control applied 12 years previously on Fs were insignificant. Annual estimate of Fs (mean ± 1 standard deviation) from the study site was 22.7 ± 7.1 t ha−1 a−1 in the form of CO2 (6.2 ± 2.1 t ha−1 a−1 in the form of C). Fs values were consistently higher in plots with 1250 stems ha−1 compared to 2500 stems ha−1, which may be related to a strong soil resource limitation because of the close spacing in the latter plantation. Significant differences in Fs across clones suggest that variations in carbon partitioning might explain their growth performance. Silvicultural treatments influenced Fs response to soil temperature (p < 0.05), resulting in models explaining 28–49% of the total variance in Fs. These findings provide insights into how silvicultural management decisions may impact Fs in mid-rotation radiata pine plantations, contributing towards developing more precise and unbiased plantation carbon budgets.

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Optimum spot weed control treatment for a New Zealand radiata pine (Pinus radiata) plantation

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2003.56.6032 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

S.F. Gous ◽

B. Richardson ◽

M.O. Kimberley

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Weed Control ◽

Pinus Radiata ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Vegetation Control ◽

Longterm Treatment ◽

Control Tree ◽

Individual Trees

A trial was established in the South Island of New Zealand to investigate the response of Pinus radiata to varying the area and duration of weed control around individual trees Results after six years demonstrated that weed control was essential to ensure maximum survival and growth of Pinus radiata seedlings Maintaining weed control for two seasons following planting resulted in marginally higher stand productivity than where weed control was applied in the year of planting only A modelling approach was used to determine treatment effects in terms of a time difference and to make inferences on longterm treatment effects Without weed control tree volume six years after planting was more than 15 years behind trees given complete weed control Spot vegetation control resulted in similar tree growth to total control as long as the area and duration of weed control was greater than a 1 m spot maintained for 1 year

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Genetic variation between and within ex-situ native-provenance collections of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in Australia and New Zealand

Silvae Genetica ◽

10.1515/sg-2011-0036 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (1-6) ◽

pp. 276-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Bian ◽

W. J. Gapare ◽

M. Ivković ◽

P. Jefferson ◽

H. X. Wu

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Wood Density ◽

Pinus Radiata ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Core Length ◽

Provenance Trials

AbstractA total of 1226 increment cores were sampled from two provenance trials of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in New Zealand (Kaingaroa) and Australia (Kangaroovale), to study variation and inheritance of wood density in selections from three mainland California natural populations: Año Nuevo, Monterey and Cambria. The study represents a back-to-back comparison of the same provenance and family material on contrasting sites between New Zealand and Australia. Monterey was significantly different to Año Nuevo and Cambria at Kaingaroa (p<0.05), and had slightly higher density, whereas all provenances were almost identical and not significantly different at Kangaroovale. However, there were significant differences for wood density at family level for Año Nuevo and Cambria at Kangaroovale. No significant provenance or family differences were detected for core length at either site. The estimates of heritability for wood density were all above 0.50 and generally higher at Kaingaroa than at Kangaroovale. Estimates of additive genetic correlations between wood density and core length were imprecise. Genotype × site interactions for density appeared minor (estimated type-B genetic correlation= 0.70) despite substantial differences in rainfall and soils. The similarity of Cambria to Año Nuevo for density is an interesting result because the genetic base of the present Australian and New Zealand plantations has been shown to be from Año Nuevo and Monterey. Infusion of Cambria material would increase the overall genetic base of the radiata pine breeding programs, with potential long-term benefits, despite the often disappointing growth performance of material collected from Cambria.

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