scholarly journals Optimum spot weed control treatment for a New Zealand radiata pine (Pinus radiata) plantation

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
S.F. Gous ◽  
B. Richardson ◽  
M.O. Kimberley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Longterm Treatment ◽  
Control Tree ◽  
Individual Trees

A trial was established in the South Island of New Zealand to investigate the response of Pinus radiata to varying the area and duration of weed control around individual trees Results after six years demonstrated that weed control was essential to ensure maximum survival and growth of Pinus radiata seedlings Maintaining weed control for two seasons following planting resulted in marginally higher stand productivity than where weed control was applied in the year of planting only A modelling approach was used to determine treatment effects in terms of a time difference and to make inferences on longterm treatment effects Without weed control tree volume six years after planting was more than 15 years behind trees given complete weed control Spot vegetation control resulted in similar tree growth to total control as long as the area and duration of weed control was greater than a 1 m spot maintained for 1 year

scholarly journals The influence of stocking levels, clone, fertilization, and weed control on surface CO2 efflux in a mid-rotation Pinus radiata D. Don plantation in Canterbury, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan KC ◽  
Euan G. Mason ◽  
Horacio E. Bown
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Four Seasons

AbstractSilvicultural practices applied in managed forest plantations may help counteract the effects of climate change by influencing soil surface CO2 efflux (Fs). Understanding the effects of silvicultural practices on Fs will provide unbiased estimates of carbon fluxes and allow better silvicultural decisions for carbon sequestration. Therefore, we assessed how Fs differed seasonally across silvicultural practices (i.e., stocking levels, clone, fertilization and weed control treatments) and evaluated the effects of soil temperature (Ts) and soil volumetric water content (θv) on Fs across these practices for a mid-rotation (14 year-old) Pinus radiata plantation in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. There were significant differences in Fs (p < 0.05) over the four seasons, three levels of stocking, and five clones. The effects of fertilization and weed control applied 12 years previously on Fs were insignificant. Annual estimate of Fs (mean ± 1 standard deviation) from the study site was 22.7 ± 7.1 t ha−1 a−1 in the form of CO2 (6.2 ± 2.1 t ha−1 a−1 in the form of C). Fs values were consistently higher in plots with 1250 stems ha−1 compared to 2500 stems ha−1, which may be related to a strong soil resource limitation because of the close spacing in the latter plantation. Significant differences in Fs across clones suggest that variations in carbon partitioning might explain their growth performance. Silvicultural treatments influenced Fs response to soil temperature (p < 0.05), resulting in models explaining 28–49% of the total variance in Fs. These findings provide insights into how silvicultural management decisions may impact Fs in mid-rotation radiata pine plantations, contributing towards developing more precise and unbiased plantation carbon budgets.

Ophiostomatoid fungi isolated from Pinus radiata logs imported from New Zealand to Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim ◽  
Young Woon Lim ◽  
Colette Breuil
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Native Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Ophiostomatoid fungi discolor lumber, logs, and tree sapwood. Stained wood has a lower market value and can be refused by importing customers because such products can potentially carry pathogenic fungi. Little information is available on the ophiostomatoid fungi that colonize Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) logs imported from New Zealand into Korea. In this work, we attempted to identify the native and non-native fungi colonizing wood imported into Korea. At least 12 species of ophiostomatoid fungi, including an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A, were identified among the fungi-staining radiata pine. They were Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingf., Leptographium bistatum Kim & Kim, Ophiostoma floccosum Mathiesen, Ophiostoma huntii (Rob.) Hoog & Scheff., Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (David.) Hoog, Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgév.) Nannf., Ophiostoma radiaticola Kim et al., and Ophiostoma setosum Uzunovic et al. Of these species, O. floccosum was the dominant species in both logs and boards. We confirmed that many of the sapstain species that we isolated have been previously reported in Korea. However, four species, O. radiatcola, O. setosum, O. huntii, and O. nigrocarpum have not been reported previously in Korea. We also found the new species, L. bistatum, along with an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A.Key words: radiata pine, ophiostomatoid fungi, New Zealand, non-native organisms, β-tubulin gene.

Soil and foliar chemistry associated with potassium deficiency in Pinus radiata

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Smethurst ◽  
Andrew Knowles ◽  
Keith Churchill ◽  
Ann Wilkinson ◽  
Arthur Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
K Fertilization

We required an improved understanding of K deficiency and diagnosis in Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine). A rapid growth response to K fertilization (100 kg·ha–1) in the presence of weed control confirmed K deficiency in a 2-year-old stand. Tree growth did not respond to N fertilization, and weed control alone appeared insufficient to maximize tree growth. Temporal patterns in visual symptoms of K deficiency suggested they were worst at the end of a drought, and improved after several months of above-average rainfall that coincided with an increase in soil temperature. Soil chemistry generally responded predictably to fertilization, but K fertilization increased soil solution Ca and Mg concentrations without changing exchangeable concentrations. With weed control, a doubling of stem growth response to K fertilizer was associated with a 270% increase in soil solution K (natural variation amongst control plots), 51% increase in exchangeable K, and 39% increase in foliar K. Relationships between seedling growth and hydroponic concentrations of K were consistent with the incidence of K deficiency in the field; predicting these deficiencies using soil exchangeable concentrations was less clear. This study advances the interpretation of soil and foliar chemistry in relation to K and Mg deficiency in P. radiata.

scholarly journals A New Breeding Strategy for Pinus radiata in New Zealand and New South Wales

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Dungey ◽  
J. T. Brawner ◽  
F. Burger ◽  
M. Carson ◽  
M. Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Strategy

Abstract A new breeding strategy is presented for the Radiata Pine Breeding Company, a New Zealand based research consortium, that drives the breeding program for Pinus radiata for both the New Zealand and New South Wales based Australian forest plantation industry. The new strategy builds on the existing base for P. radiata, and on the last strategy review in 2000. The new strategy comprises a large open-pollinated (OP) Main Population (MP) with 500 female parents and two sublines (250 female parents per subline). The MP will be tested using alpha designs, single-tree plots and incomplete blocks to maximise efficiency. Each subline will be tested on four sites, geographically distant from the other subline. The MP will be managed in discrete generations. Selection of the next generation will be using a combination of backward and forward selection, but the strict control of inbreeding with identified lineage will rely on the development of parental reconstruction for OP progeny. There are alternatives to this, however, such as estimating the group coancestry and accepting some additional increase in inbreeding. This is a new and significant departure from previous breeding strategies for P. radiata in New Zealand. There will also be a single, small Elite Population (EP), tested 50% as progeny and 50% as clones. Twenty four parents will be tested each year as clones and 24 as seedling progeny with some overlap between the two. It is expected that the clonal population will capture the greatest gains in traits with low heritabilities, and the half-sib progeny will capture the greatest gains in traits with high heritabilities. The two sublines will be maintained in the EP, and breeding will be managed as a rolling front with trials established every year, while trials of the MP will be established every 10 years.

Interactions between influences of genotype and grass competition on growth and wood stiffness of juvenile radiata pine in a summer-dry environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2454-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan G Mason
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Four Levels

Clones of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) were established in two experiments on two contrasting pasture sites in Canterbury, New Zealand, with four levels of competition from grass as main plots within each experiment. Control was extended over the first 5 years at one site, whereas grass at the other site was controlled by a single herbicidal spray immediately after planting. At the latter site, 1 m diameter spots cleared with herbicide were compared with the same size spot created using a woven mat. Grass competition added up to 3 years to a rotation, and the gain from control was correlated with spot size. Competition control was most critical during the first year after planting. Trees grown within spots cleared by mats grew more slowly than those in weed-free spots cleared with herbicide. Green dynamic modulus of elasticity was related to genotype and increased with both slenderness and higher levels of pruning. Significant interactions between genotype and level of competition were observed for growth, indicating that choice of genotype can be a useful way of coping with pasture competition if managers wish to reduce the use of herbicides.

Optimising spot weed control regimes forPinus radiataplantations

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 759-766
Author(s):  
Brian Richardson ◽  
Mark O. Kimberley ◽  
Carol A. Rolando ◽  
Graham W. Coker ◽  
Stefan Gous
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Spot Diameter ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Herbicide Use

Spot spraying, in which only the area around individual trees is treated, is an important method of herbicide application during establishment of Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) in New Zealand. Minimising the spot size reduces costs and has possible environmental benefits from reduced overall herbicide use. An analysis of six experiments at five separate sites tested the growth response of P. radiata to spot weed control on sites dominated by herbaceous vegetation, usually as a result of oversowing with a mixture of grasses and legumes. The analysis showed that, on sites dominated by herbaceous weeds, the reduction in rotation length achieved by applying total weed control compared with no postplant weed control ranged from 0.4 to 1.6 years and averaged 0.9 years. A spot diameter of 1 m maintained for 1 year achieved 28% of the benefit of total weed control, whereas a spot diameter of 2 m maintained for 1 year achieved 66% of the benefit. Generally, there was little benefit in maintaining spots beyond 1 year. An economic analysis indicated that weed control of any kind was generally unprofitable when the time-shift gain from weed control was 0.4 years or less but highly profitable for sites with a time shift of 1.6 years or more.

Twelfth-year response of Douglas-fir to area of weed control and herbaceous versus woody weed control treatments

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2464-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Rose ◽  
Lee S Rosner ◽  
J Scott Ketchum
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Individual Trees

Coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) response to eight weed control treatments was measured 12 years after planting at two Oregon sites. Treatments included four areas of weed control around individual trees (0.375, 1.49, 3.35, and 5.95 m2), no weed control (check), total vegetation control, control of herbaceous competition only, or control of woody competition only. Douglas-fir growth and woody-species invasion differed between the Coast Range site (Summit) and the Cascade Range foothills site (Marcola). Woody species reinvasion was more intense at Summit, with Douglas-fir cumulative mortality in the check treatment reaching 23% in year 12. Woody-only control improved Douglas-fir growth at Summit but had no significant effect on growth at Marcola. Total vegetation control had a profound effect on stem volume growth 12 years after planting. At Summit, total vegetation control resulted in a 355% increase in volume per hectare relative to the check. At Marcola the increase was only 63%. At Summit, growth increased with each increase in area of weed control, whereas at Marcola growth increased with increasing area of weed control up to 3.35 m2 of control. Results suggest that much of the gain in volume growth attributable to weed control may be lost if weed-control treatments are not highly efficacious. The differential response to woody control indicates that its benefit at a given site is strongly related to the abundance of competitive hardwood species, which may be predicted from the preharvest stand structure and vegetation community.

scholarly journals Host variation in Pinus radiata in response to inoculation with Neonectria fuckeliana

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 390-390
Author(s):  
M.A. Dick ◽  
A.J.M. Hopkins ◽  
M.W.P. Power
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
The South ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Neonectria Fuckeliana

Neonectria fuckeliana causes a stem canker (Nectria flute canker) of plantationgrown Pinus radiata in southern regions of the South Island of New Zealand Initiation of disease is primarily associated with pruning operations and modification of pruning regimes has led to a reduction in disease incidence Factors that influence establishment of infection and symptom expression are being examined In one trial in which 50 trees were challenged with three different conidial concentrations individual trees varied markedly in their response to inoculation Twentytwo percent of controls (wounds inoculated with sterile water) developed depressions that resembled small cankers Six percent of the trees did not develop cankers at any concentration when inoculated with conidiospore solutions Fortyeight percent responded with increasing canker length with increasing dose and in 26 of trees severe cankering developed at all inoculum concentrations Perithecial formation on the cankers was correlated with canker severity Host genotype is being examined further with the goal of identifying families that contribute to susceptibility to canker formation

Effect of boron fertiliser, weed control and genotype on foliar nutrients and tree growth of juvenile Pinus radiata at two contrasting sites in New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1196-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya T. Olykan ◽  
Jianming Xue ◽  
Peter W. Clinton ◽  
Malcolm F. Skinner ◽  
Doug J. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Foliar Nutrients

scholarly journals Genetic variation between and within ex-situ native-provenance collections of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in Australia and New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bian ◽  
W. J. Gapare ◽  
M. Ivković ◽  
P. Jefferson ◽  
H. X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Core Length ◽  
Provenance Trials

AbstractA total of 1226 increment cores were sampled from two provenance trials of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in New Zealand (Kaingaroa) and Australia (Kangaroovale), to study variation and inheritance of wood density in selections from three mainland California natural populations: Año Nuevo, Monterey and Cambria. The study represents a back-to-back comparison of the same provenance and family material on contrasting sites between New Zealand and Australia. Monterey was significantly different to Año Nuevo and Cambria at Kaingaroa (p<0.05), and had slightly higher density, whereas all provenances were almost identical and not significantly different at Kangaroovale. However, there were significant differences for wood density at family level for Año Nuevo and Cambria at Kangaroovale. No significant provenance or family differences were detected for core length at either site. The estimates of heritability for wood density were all above 0.50 and generally higher at Kaingaroa than at Kangaroovale. Estimates of additive genetic correlations between wood density and core length were imprecise. Genotype × site interactions for density appeared minor (estimated type-B genetic correlation= 0.70) despite substantial differences in rainfall and soils. The similarity of Cambria to Año Nuevo for density is an interesting result because the genetic base of the present Australian and New Zealand plantations has been shown to be from Año Nuevo and Monterey. Infusion of Cambria material would increase the overall genetic base of the radiata pine breeding programs, with potential long-term benefits, despite the often disappointing growth performance of material collected from Cambria.

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