Issues relating to classification of colluvial soils in young morainic areas (Chełmno and Brodnica Lake District, northern Poland)

Abstract Colluvial soils (in Polish: gleby deluwialne) are an important part of the soil cover in young morainic landscapes of northern Poland. They evolved as a result of the accumulation of eroded material at the foot of the slopes and bottoms of closed depressions. The aim of this study was to determine the systematic position of colluvial soils commonly found in the Chełmno and Brodnica Lake District, northern Poland. Ten soil pits located in different types of landscapes were selected for testing soil properties. The colluvial material is characterized by diversified properties: thickness, particle-size distribution, organic carbon content, color, pH, and base saturation. As a result, the investigated soils represent broad spectrum of typological units according to Polish Soil Classification (2011). Some of them contain epipedons mollic and meet the criteria of colluvial chernozemic soils. They were found mainly on buried black earths in areas with small slope inclinations. Many pedons contain pale colored acidic colluvial material with low base saturation and low organic carbon content and must be classified as other types: arenosols (in Polish: arenosole) or rusty soils (in Polish: gleby rdzawe). These soils occur mostly in areas with intensive relief and overlay the different soil types, including rusty soil and organic soils. They are formed as a result of soils lessivés and rusty soils truncation. An introduction of the additional units of “proper colluvial soils” which have epipedon ochric, and “rusty-colluvial soils” with endopedon sideric to the next edition of Polish Soil Classification would enable a more precise expression of the genesis of these soils in the type rank. Moreover, the definition of chernozemic colluvial soils could be extended to colluvial soils with umbric horizon. Classifying soils derived from colluvial material as soils of other types leads to the disappearance of this units on maps and underestimation of the impact of denudation on the soil cover.

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Degradation of Arable Soils in Central Yakutia: Negative Consequences of Global Warming for Yedoma Landscapes

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2021.683730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Roman Desyatkin ◽

Nikolai Filippov ◽

Alexey Desyatkin ◽

Dmitry Konyushkov ◽

Sergey Goryachkin

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Arable Land ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Central Yakutia ◽

Soil Subsidence ◽

Wavy Line

Global warming, which is especially intensive (up to 0.08°C yr−1) in permafrost area of Central Yakutia, has dramatic consequences for scarce arable land resources in this region. In Yedoma landscapes, intense permafrost thawing on arable fields unprotected by forest vegetation transforms the surface microtopography with the formation of residual thermokarst mounds (byllars) of 6–10 m in diameter surrounded by a polygonal network of hollows of 0.3–1.5 m in depth above melting ice wedges. This process also takes place on former croplands abandoned in the recent decades because of socioeconomic reasons. It is accompanied by a significant transformation of the previously highly likely homogeneous soil cover composed of Cambic Turbic Cryosols (Sodic) into differentiated complexes of permafrost-affected Stagnic Cambisols or Calcic Solonetzes (Turbic) on the mounds and Calcic Stagnic Solonetzes (Turbic) in the microlows. Surface soil horizons on the mounds have a strongly to very strongly alkaline reaction (pH 8.5–9.5) and low (<2%) organic carbon content; a wavy line of effervescence is found at a depth of 15–30 cm. Soils in the microlows have a close to neutral reaction in the upper horizons (pH 6.2–7.5); higher organic carbon content (2–3%); more pronounced textural differentiation of the profile with the formation of typical natric Btn and, in some cases, overlying eluvial E horizons; deeper (50–60 cm) line of effervescence; and clear stagnic features in the lower part of the profile. In the case of shallow embedding by ice wedge, the lowermost part of the soil in the microlow is characterized by the low bulk density (1.04 g cm−3) because of the appearance of hollows after thawing of the ice-rich transient layer and melting of the top of ice wedges. This may be indicative of the further soil subsidence in the future and the appearance of initial thermokarst lakes (dyuedya) within the Yedoma terrain with its transformation into the alas type of landscape. Rapid thermokarst-driven development of microtopography followed by differentiation of the soil cover with increasing soil alkalinity on the microhighs and soil textural differentiation and overmoistening of deep layers in the microlows prevents the return of abandoned arable land to agriculture in Yedoma landscapes.

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Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss2011-028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 7-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

M. Anne Naeth ◽

Heather A. Archibald ◽

Candace L. Nemirsky ◽

Leonard A. Leskiw ◽

J. Anthony Brierley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Water Regime ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Field Testing ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Regulatory Frameworks ◽

Disturbed Soils

Naeth, M. A., Archibald, H. A., Nemirsky, C. L., Leskiw, L. A., Brierley, J. A., Bock, M. D., VandenBygaart, A. J. and Chanasyk, D. S. 2012. Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 7–18. With increasing anthropogenic activity, the areal extent of disturbed soils is becoming larger and disturbances more intense. Regulatory frameworks must incorporate reclamation criteria for these disturbed soils, requiring consistent descriptions and interpretations. Many human altered soils cannot be classified using the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), thus an Anthroposolic Order is proposed. Anthroposols are azonal soils, highly modified or constructed by human activity, with one or more natural horizons removed, removed and replaced, added to, or significantly modified. Defining features are severe disruption of soil forming factors and introduction of potentially new pedogenic trajectories. Disturbed layers are anthropic in origin and contain materials significantly modified physically and/or chemically by human activities. Three great groups are defined by presence of anthropogenic artefacts and organic carbon content. Six subgroups are based on a cover soil layer with higher organic carbon content than the profile below it, on depth of disturbance, on drainage characteristics and water regime at the site. Some new phases and modifiers, in addition to traditional ones used in the CSSC, are based on chemical and physical properties and origins of anthropogenic artefacts. The proposed classification has been successfully applied to reclaimed profiles and is ready for widespread field testing.

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Evaluation of the Yangtze River Littoral Wetland Soil with Total Organic Carbon

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1189 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 989-994 ◽

pp. 1189-1191

Author(s):

Zhi Wen Luo ◽

Xing Wang

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Total Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Three Gorges Reservoir ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Three Gorges ◽

The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽

The Three Gorges

The Three Gorges Reservoir as an important hydraulic project of Yangtze River, the environmental issues attracts worldwide attention, and the environmental problems of littoral wetlands of the Three Gorges Reservoir are more important aspect. Total organic carbon (TOC) content by potassium dichromate oxidation spectrophotometry of downstream the Three Gorges Reservoir in Fengjie, Kaixian, Wushan, Fengdu, Daning estuary in the five regions in soil were determined. Then the organic carbon content of the soil classification comparison, analysis of the causes of soil organic carbon content of the various main reasons for differences, soil classification: the same region, same altitude, different species; the same area, the same species, different altitudes. Finally, by calculating the content of these five regions of the average total organic carbon is about 10.43g/kg.

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Relating extent of colluvial soils to topographic derivatives and soil variables in a Luvisol sub-catchment, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/57/2013-swr ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 47-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

T. Zádorová ◽

D. Žížala ◽

V. Penížek ◽

Š. Čejková

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Topographic Wetness Index ◽

Wetness Index ◽

Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽

Soil Variables ◽

Colluvial Soil ◽

Colluvial Soils

Colluvial soils, resulting from accelerated soil erosion, represent a significant part of the soil cover pattern in agricultural landscapes. Their specific terrain position makes it possible to map them using geostatistics and digital terrain modelling. A study of the relationship between colluvial soil extent and terrain and soil variables was performed at a morphologically diverse study site in a Luvisol soil region in Central Bohemia. Assessment of the specificity of the colluviation process with regard to profile characteristics of Luvisols was another goal of the study. A detailed field survey, statistical analyses, and detailed digital elevation model processing were the main methods utilized in the study. Statistical analysis showed a strong relationship between the occurrence of colluvial soil, various topographic derivatives, and soil organic carbon content. A multiple range test proved that four topographic derivatives significantly distinguish colluvial soil from other soil units and can be then used for colluvial soil delineation. Topographic wetness index was evaluated as the most appropriate terrain predictor. Soil organic carbon content was significantly correlated with five topographic derivatives, most strongly with topographic wetness index (TWI) and plan curvature. Redistribution of the soil material at the study site is intensive but not as significant as in loess regions covered by Chernozem. Soil mass transport is limited mainly to the A horizon; an argic horizon is truncated only at the steepest parts of the slope.

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EVALUATION OF THE COLOR VALUE CRITERION OF HUMIC GLEYSOL

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss85-043 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 379-380

Author(s):

C. WANG

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Key Words ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Color Value

Organic carbon content and color value of A horizons are used as differentiating characteristics in separating Humic Gleysols from other Gleysolic soils in the Canadian System of Soil Classification. Many Gleysolic soils meet the organic carbon criterion but fail to meet the color value criterion of Humic Gleysol. It is concluded that the color value criterion is not an effective differentiating characteristic even though color is a useful indicator of organic carbon when laboratory data are not available. Key words: Principles of soil classification, differentiating characteristics

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Characterization and Classification of Soils of Bharuch Taluka in Bharuch District of Gujarat

Agropedology ◽

10.47114/j.agroped.2018.dec2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Abhishek Jangir ◽

◽

R. P. Sharma ◽

G. Tiwari ◽

B. Dash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Base Saturation ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Soil Series ◽

High Base

A detailed soil survey was undertaken at 1:10000 scale to describe, characterize, classify and evaluate the soils of Bharuch taluka, Bharuch district, Gujarat. Old and recent basaltic alluvial plains are the major landforms of the area. A total of 74 pedons, representing old (41 pedons) and recent (33 pedons) alluvial plains were studied. The soils were correlated and three soil series viz. Umraj, Derol and Singdot were identified. The Umraj belong to a very fine, smectitic Typic Haplusterts covers 30,839 ha (48.5 %) area, whereas Derol and Singdot a fine, smectitic Vertic Haplustepts and fine, mixed, Typic Haplustepts covers 20,604 ha (32.5 %) and 4,164 ha (6.6 %) area, respectively. The sand, silt and clay in the soils varied from 8 to 31, 24 to 49 and 23 to 67 per cent, respectively. The soils were very deep, neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.3 to 8.4) with low to medium in organic carbon content (0.14 to 0.58 %), low to high in calcium carbonate (1.9 to 16.5 %) with medium to high CEC [39.4 to 62.0 cmol (p+) kg-1] and high base saturation (67.4 to 92.0 %). Soils were assessed as highly to moderately suitable for major crops (cotton, pigeonpea, maize, sugarcane, wheat and chickpea).

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BULK DENSITY EQUATIONS FOR SOUTHERN ALASKA SOILS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss89-017 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 177-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

E. B. ALEXANDER

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Gulf Of Alaska ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Fine Earth ◽

Rock Fragments ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Close Relationship

A close relationship between organic-carbon content and bulk density was utilized to develop equations for predicting the bulk densities of inorganic soils around the Gulf of Alaska; for example[Formula: see text]where Db is the bulk density (Mg m−3) of fine-earth and OC is the organic carbon content (g kg−1). Adding discrete variables for soil texture (three classes):[Formula: see text]where A is 2.24 for loamy sands, 1.86 for sandy loams, and 1.73 for silt loams. Most of the samples used in developing these equations were from B and C horizons, but they appear to be applicable to other horizons too. They are not valid for (1) horizons with very low organic carbon content (C < 1 g kg−1); (2) organic soils; or (3) disturbed or compacted soils. Coarse fragments (particles > 2 mm) were considered in computing the bulk densities of whole soil horizons, because rock fragments are generally much denser than the bulk fine-earth. Key words: Clod samples, Podzolic soils, Spodosols, organic matter

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529 Relationship of Soil Temperature, pH, and Organic Carbon Content to Nitrogen Release in Cranberry Soils

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.537a ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 537A-537

Author(s):

Joan R. Davenport ◽

Carolyn DeMoranville

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Key Factors ◽

Wide Range ◽

N Release

Soluble nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) is released when soil organic matter is mineralized. The amount of N released by this process depends on the amount of organic matter present and soil temperature. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) grows in acidic soils with a wide range in organic matter content. To evaluate how soil N release is affected by soil temperature, intact soil cores were collected from sites that had received no fertilizer and placed in PVC columns. Four different soil types, representing the range of cranberry soils (sand, sanded organic soil, peat, and muck), were used. Each column was incubated sequentially at six different temperatures from 10 to 24 °C (2.8 °C temperature intervals) for 3 weeks at each temperature, with the soils leached twice weekly to determine the amount of N release. The total amount of N in leachate was highest in organic soils, intermediate in the sanded organic soil, and lowest in the sands. The degree of decomposition in the organic soils was important in determining which form of N predominated. In the more highly decomposed organic soil (muck), most of the N was converted to nitrate. The data from this study resulted in the development of two models—one predicting the N mineralization and the other predicting the proportion of N in each of the two forms. Key factors for N release rate were soil temperature, percentage of clay, and organic carbon content. For predicting the proportion of N as ammonium vs. nitrate, key factors were soil temperature, soil pH, and the distribution of mineral matter in the silt and sand fractions.

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