scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Bharuch Taluka in Bharuch District of Gujarat

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Jangir ◽  
◽  
R. P. Sharma ◽  
G. Tiwari ◽  
B. Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
High Base

A detailed soil survey was undertaken at 1:10000 scale to describe, characterize, classify and evaluate the soils of Bharuch taluka, Bharuch district, Gujarat. Old and recent basaltic alluvial plains are the major landforms of the area. A total of 74 pedons, representing old (41 pedons) and recent (33 pedons) alluvial plains were studied. The soils were correlated and three soil series viz. Umraj, Derol and Singdot were identified. The Umraj belong to a very fine, smectitic Typic Haplusterts covers 30,839 ha (48.5 %) area, whereas Derol and Singdot a fine, smectitic Vertic Haplustepts and fine, mixed, Typic Haplustepts covers 20,604 ha (32.5 %) and 4,164 ha (6.6 %) area, respectively. The sand, silt and clay in the soils varied from 8 to 31, 24 to 49 and 23 to 67 per cent, respectively. The soils were very deep, neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.3 to 8.4) with low to medium in organic carbon content (0.14 to 0.58 %), low to high in calcium carbonate (1.9 to 16.5 %) with medium to high CEC [39.4 to 62.0 cmol (p+) kg-1] and high base saturation (67.4 to 92.0 %). Soils were assessed as highly to moderately suitable for major crops (cotton, pigeonpea, maize, sugarcane, wheat and chickpea).

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Land Resources of Valia Block, Bharuch District, Gujarat

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tiwari ◽  
◽  
A. Jangir ◽  
R. P. Sharma ◽  
B. Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
High Calcium

Detailed soil survey (1:10000 scale) was carried out using base map prepared from satellite data (IRS-P6 LISS IV and Cartosat-1) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in conjunction with Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets of 1:50000 scale in Valia block, Bharuch district of Gujarat. On the basis of landform, slope, land use/land cover and ground truth, six landscape ecological Units (LEUs) were delineated and six soil series were identified in the block. Five soil series occur on alluvial plain (cover 66.16 %) and one soil series occupies pediplain 27.61 %. These series were mapped into ten soil mapping units as phases of soil series. The representative pedons of alluvial plain were moderately deep to very deep and their sand, silt and clay content ranged from 8.2 to 44.4, 9.8 to 40.2 and 43.8 to 55.6 per cent, respectively. These pedons were neutral to strongly alkaline (pH 6.8 - 9.7), non-saline with low to high organic carbon (0.18 – 1.2 %) content, low to high calcium carbonate (5.9 - 26.6 %) and high CEC [>35 cmol (p+) kg-1]. Exchangeable complex of these pedons were dominated by Ca2+ followed by Mg2+, Na+ and K+ cations with high base saturation (72.0 to 99. 4 %). Soils were classified as Vertic Haplustepts, Typic Haplusterts, Typic Calciustepts, Typic Haplustepts and Sodic Haplusterts. The representative pedon of pediplains was shallow, dark brown (7.5YR3/2), clayey, strongly alkaline (pH>8.5), non-saline (<2 dSm-1) and had moderate organic carbon (0.50-0.75 %) and calcium carbonate (5-15 %) with high CEC [>35 cmol (p+) kg-1] and classified as Lithic Haplustepts. The soils were evaluated for their suitability for commonly grown crops (cotton, pigeon pea, wheat and chick pea) and mapping unit 2 and 4 were highly suitable for cotton cultivation and other were moderately to marginal suitable for other crops.

The impact of erosion on the classification of Mollisols in Iowa

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Taxonomic System

Fenton, T. E. 2012. The impact of erosion on the classification of Mollisols in Iowa. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 413–418. The fertile black soils in the Great Plains and Western States of the United States are dark brown Chernozems in the Canadian system of soil taxonomy and Mollisols, when a mollic epipedon is present, according to the United States soil taxonomy. Other primary criteria are organic carbon content, color, structure, and thickness of the mollic epipedon. Accelerated erosion can affect all of these properties and is especially critical for soils that have slope gradients of more than 2%. Accelerated erosion and erosion phases are recognized in field mapping based on the amount of A horizon remaining but criteria provided in the Soil Taxonomy guidelines conflict with procedures outlined in the Soil Survey Field Manual and result in a dichotomy between the classification system and field mapping practices. Soil map unit data for the five most extensive Mollisol soil series in Iowa that have multiple phases of slope and erosion were summarized and variations between the taxonomic and survey principles were identified. Eroded units comprise 26 to 77% of the total mapped area of the series studied and do not qualify as Mollisols under the taxonomic system. However, under the principle of following the genetic thread to classify soils, the taxonomic system should be modified to accommodate the eroded units that have the same genetic pathway as their uneroded counterparts. This could be accomplished by placing primary emphasis on the organic carbon content and waiving the color requirement for eroded soil map units.

Dynamics of selected chemical and microbiological properties changes in soils after application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate – incubation studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Woźnica ◽  
Michał Gąsiorek ◽  
Justyna Sokołowska ◽  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Biomass Carbon

&lt;p&gt;Soil acidification is a serious problem on a global scale, about 30% of land surface is occupied by acidic soils (pH&amp;#8804; 5.5). Recent research indicates, that more than 50% of arable soils in Poland have too low pH. Acid soils are characterised the ability to mobilize toxic metals and increased plant uptake as well as decreased microbial activity in the soil. Progressive acidification leads to degradation of soils and caused that they are marginal for agricultural production. Soil acidification is a naturally occurring process, but only when natural factors are supported by intensive human activity, especially by nitrogen fertilisers application, intensive degradation is observed. Traditionally method to increase soil pH is the application of lime materials e.g. calcite, burnt lime or dolomite. The liming efficiency depends on lime material type (primarily chemical form of calcium compounds), the neutralising value, lime application method, soil properties and the particle size distribution of lime. The aim of this research was to determine the rate of action and influence of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate on selected chemical and microbiological soil properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The incubation studies were conducted on the three soils (G1, G2 &amp;#8211; silt loam and G3 &amp;#8211; sandy loam). Soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm layer. Soil properties were measured after 7, 14, 30, 60 and 120 days of incubation. The liming factor was ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate with particle size distribution &lt; 0.08 mm. The application dose was calculated for 0.5 soil hydrolytic acidity. In the soil samples pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl&lt;/sub&gt;, buffer capacity, microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon content were measured.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Application of lime caused an increase of pH value in all studied soils. The highest increase of the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl &lt;/sub&gt;was noted between 0 to 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; day of incubation. Afterward, the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl &lt;/sub&gt;decreased slowly for the soil G1 and G2. However, in the soil G3 significantly decreased just after 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; to 14&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;/sup&gt;day, and afterward, the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl&lt;/sub&gt; decreased slowly to the end of the incubation period. As a result of liming long-term changes in soil buffer capacity were not noted. The studied soils were characterised by the higher buffer capacity in alkaline than in acidic range. The microbial biomass carbon content was varied during the incubation in all studied soils. The dissolved organic carbon content increased during the incubation, starting from the 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; to the 120&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; day of incubation for G2 and G3 soils and from 14&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;/sup&gt;to last day of incubation for G1 soil. Application of lime caused an increase of the dissolved organic carbon content in all studied soils. These studies show that application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate is an effective and fast way to improve soil properties.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Madahalli Micro-watershed of Karnataka

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vasundhara ◽  
◽  
M. Chandrakala ◽  
S. Dharumarajan ◽  
B. Kalaiselvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Sloping Lands ◽  
Corrected Image ◽  
Landform Units

Detailed soil survey was carried out to characterize and classify the soils of Madahalli watershed, Chamrajanagar district, Karnataka using cadastral map overlaid on Cartosat-1(ortho corrected) image as a base. Three landform units were identified based on elevation and slope i.e. gently sloping lands (3-5%), very gently sloping lands (1-3%) and nearly level lands (0-1%) and mapped into 6 soil series and 30 phases of soil series. These soils were classified as Alfisols (Typic Rhodustalfs, Rhodic Paleustalfs) and Inceptisols (Typic Haplustepts). Alfisols are slightly deep to deep, dark reddish brown to strong brown in hue 2.5YR 3/4 to 2.5YR 4/6, sandy loam to sandy clay in texture with >35 per cent gravel. Inceptisols are very deep, yellowish brown to dark brown with hue 10YR 4/6 to 10YR 3/3, sandy clay loam to clay in texture. These soils are moderately acidic to moderately alkaline (pH 5.26 to 8.17). The organic carbon content varied from low to high (0.21 to 1.16%) and CEC of the soils ranged from 4.1 to 19.9 cmol (p+) kg-1.

scholarly journals Status of macro- and micro-nutrients in soils of Chamoli district of Uttarakhand

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
SAYANTIKA BHATTACHARYA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Extractable P

A GPS based soil survey was conducted in nine blocks of Chamoli district of Uttarakhand (n=300) to evaluate the status of extractable macro- and micro-nutrients and to relate them with general soil properties. Soil texture ranged from sandy loam to clay loam, pH from 4.8 to 8.29, electrical conductivity from 0.170 to 5.431 dSm 1 and organic carbon content from 3.14 to 30.72 g kg 1 soil. Among the macro-nutrients, Olsen’s and Bray’s extractable P varied from 1.41 to 47.20 mg kg 1 soil, neutral normal ammonium acetate extractable K content from 24.82 to 269.1 mg kg 1 soil. Exchangeable Ca and Mg content varied from 20 to 1620 mg kg 1 and 12 to 288 mg kg 1 soil, respectively. The content of 0.15% CaCl2 extractable S content varied from 1.23 to 26.64 mg kg 1 soil. The DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn content varied from 0.09 to 15.41, 0.08 to 9.03, 3.13 to 84.22 and 1.93 to 54.96 mg kg 1 soil, respectively. Hot water-soluble B content varied from 0.23 to 2.61 mg kg 1 soil while ammonium oxalate (pH 3.3) extractable Mo content varied from 0.18 to 1.36 mg kg 1 soil. Simple correlation showed that soil pH had a significant and positive correlation with soil extractable P, Ca, S, B and Mo but a negative one with extractable Cu, Fe and Mn. Soil EC had a significant and positive correlation with extractable P, K, Mg, S, Fe, B and Mo. Soil organic carbon had a significant and positive correlation with extractable K. On the basis of calculated nutrient indices (N.I.), the soils of Chamoli district were low in soil extractable S, medium in extractable K and Zn, high in organic carbon content, extractable P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, B and Mo with sporadic cases of Zn, Cu and B deficiency.

scholarly journals Carbonate and organic carbon content in the recent sediments of Elefsis bay as indicators for the paleoenviromental evolution of the system.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Petropoulos ◽  
A. Androni ◽  
T. Ntamkarelou ◽  
Ch. Anagnostou
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Environmental Evolution ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Biogenic Source

During the Holocene period Elefsis bay acted as a semi-enclosed system obstructing water circulation. In some areas, sampling has revealed the problems of anoxia that prevails in the bay, which has been worse during the summer months. Analyses undertaken in a core from the bay of Elefsis showed notable changes in carbonate and organic material, which prove the paleo-environmental evolution of the bay. Such changes of carbonate are due to the different deposition of calcium carbonate from  biogenic  source  (probably  and  from  inorganic  source).  The  variation  of organic carbon is still a factor of limited water circulation in the bay.

Soil organic carbon content: decreases partly attributed to dilution by increased depth of cultivation in southern Ontario

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
C.J. Warren ◽  
D.D. Saurette ◽  
A.W. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Soil organic carbon contents and depths of Ap horizons (i.e., cultivated topsoil) from Ontario soil survey reports were reviewed, analyzed, and compared from 1950 to 2019. Organic carbon concentrations have declined from 2.85% to 2.34% in Ap horizons, whereas depths have increased by 40%. Considering the entire Ap horizon depth, we show that soil carbon stocks (kg C·ha−1) may be constant or increasing. Losses of organic carbon due to cultivation should not be discounted; however, dilution of organic carbon within a deeper plow layer may contribute significantly to observed decreases in organic carbon concentrations in topsoil.

Chemical properties of salt-affected soils in north Kent and their relationship to soil instability

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Loveland ◽  
J. Hazelden ◽  
R. G. Sturdy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content ◽  
Soil Instability ◽  
Dispersion Ratio

SummarySoil instability, as measured by the dispersion ratios of the reclaimed salt-marsh soils of ca. 70 km2 of north Kent, was assessed on samples taken from 0–15, 35–50 and 70–85 cm depths from sites at the intersects of a 250 m square grid or along transects. The dispersion ratios were related to other soil properties including exchangeable sodium, potassium and magnesium percentages, organic carbon content, calcium carbonate content and electrical conductivity. The dispersion ratio correlates most closely with exchangeable sodium percentage and organic carbon content; weaker correlations exist with exchangeable potassium and calcium carbonate contents. Dispersion ratios rise sharply, i.e. reflect a marked increase in soil instability, when organic carbon content is less than 2·5% and calcium carbonate content is less than 2%. Magnesium has little effect on the dispersion ratio. The soil solution salt concentration (as expressed by electrical conductivity) is too low over much of the area to promote flocculation, and hence stability, of the soil clays.

scholarly journals Issues relating to classification of colluvial soils in young morainic areas (Chełmno and Brodnica Lake District, northern Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Świtoniak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Colluvial Soils

Abstract Colluvial soils (in Polish: gleby deluwialne) are an important part of the soil cover in young morainic landscapes of northern Poland. They evolved as a result of the accumulation of eroded material at the foot of the slopes and bottoms of closed depressions. The aim of this study was to determine the systematic position of colluvial soils commonly found in the Chełmno and Brodnica Lake District, northern Poland. Ten soil pits located in different types of landscapes were selected for testing soil properties. The colluvial material is characterized by diversified properties: thickness, particle-size distribution, organic carbon content, color, pH, and base saturation. As a result, the investigated soils represent broad spectrum of typological units according to Polish Soil Classification (2011). Some of them contain epipedons mollic and meet the criteria of colluvial chernozemic soils. They were found mainly on buried black earths in areas with small slope inclinations. Many pedons contain pale colored acidic colluvial material with low base saturation and low organic carbon content and must be classified as other types: arenosols (in Polish: arenosole) or rusty soils (in Polish: gleby rdzawe). These soils occur mostly in areas with intensive relief and overlay the different soil types, including rusty soil and organic soils. They are formed as a result of soils lessivés and rusty soils truncation. An introduction of the additional units of “proper colluvial soils” which have epipedon ochric, and “rusty-colluvial soils” with endopedon sideric to the next edition of Polish Soil Classification would enable a more precise expression of the genesis of these soils in the type rank. Moreover, the definition of chernozemic colluvial soils could be extended to colluvial soils with umbric horizon. Classifying soils derived from colluvial material as soils of other types leads to the disappearance of this units on maps and underestimation of the impact of denudation on the soil cover.

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