Exergetic, Exergoeconomic, Sustainability and Environmental Damage Cost Analyses of J85 Turbojet Engine with Afterburner

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Balli
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Cost Analyses ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Performance Analyses

AbstractThis paper deals with the performance analyses of exergetic, exergoeconomic, sustainability and environmental damage cost for J85 turbojet engine at Idle (ID), Intermediate (INT), Military (MIL) and Afterburner (AB) operation modes. The exergetic efficiency of whole engine is calculated to be 0.24 % at ID, 18.67 % at INT, 29.81 % at MIL and 22.77 % at AB modes, respectively. The unit exergy cost of product is accounted to be 30,423.94 $/GJ at ID, 269.35 $/GJ at INT, 121.47 $/GJ at MIL and 133.47 $/GJ at AB modes. The sustainable cost index is found to be 30,350.92 $/GJ at ID, 224.45 $/GJ at INT, 85.26 $/GJ at MIL and 103.0 $/GJ at AB modes while the sustainability index is obtained to be 1.0 at ID, 1.2 at INT, 1.43 % at MIL and 1.3 at AB modes. On the other hand, the environmental damage cost rate of engine are calculated to be 180.22 $/h at ID, 271.34 $/h at INT, 657.95 $/h at MIL and 1992.55 $/h at AB modes while the total cost rates of engine are determined to be 974.07 $/h at ID, 1357.15 $/h at INT, 2641.76 $/h at MIL and 6573.04 $/h at AB modes, respectively. The results indicate that J85 engine operates the exergetic-efficiently and cost-effectively at MIL mode.

A Parametric Study of Hydrogen Fuel Effects on Exergetic, Exergoeconomic and Exergoenvironmental Cost Performances of an Aircraft Turbojet Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Balli
Keyword(s):  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Fuel Effects

Abstract A comprehensive exergetic, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses of a turbojet engine are performed to determine how the hydrogen fuel usage affects the exergetic and exergoeconomic performances of the turbojet engine. The exergy efficiency of the engine reduces from 15.40 % to 14.33 % while the waste exergy rate increases from 22.31 GJ/h to 24.01 GJ/h. However, the high increase in the fuel cost rate and specific fuel exergy cost with the hydrogen fuel causes that the specific product exergy cost rises up from 134.69 US$/GJ to 355.11 US$/GJ. The environmental impact of CO2 decreases by 99.12 % while the environmental damage cost rate lessens by 112.16 % with hydrogen usage. In this regard, the environmental damage cost rate decreases from 322.50 US$/h to 2.85 US$/h. The exergoenvironmental cost rate is determined to be 869.64 US$/h for jet fuel while it is obtained to be 1429.32 US$/h for hydrogen fuel. In this case, the specific exergoenvironmental cost is calculated to be 214.08 US$/GJ for jet fuel and 355.82 US$/GJ for hydrogen fuel.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Thermoeconomic Evaluation and Multi-Criteria Optimization of a Combined MCFC/TEG System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13187
Author(s):  
Rahmad Syah ◽  
Afshin Davarpanah ◽  
Mahyuddin K. M. Nasution ◽  
Faisal Amri Tanjung ◽  
Meysam Majidi Nezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Rate

In this study, an integrated molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), thermoelectric generator (TEG), and regenerator energy system has been introduced and evaluated. MCFC generates power and heating load. The exit fuel gases of the MCFC is separated into three sections: the first section is transferred to the TEG to generate more electricity, the next chunk is conducted to a regenerator to boost the productivity of the suggested plant and compensate for the regenerative destructions, and the last section enters the surrounding. Computational simulation and thermodynamic evaluation of the hybrid plant are carried out utilizing MATLAB and HYSYS software, respectively. Furthermore, a thermoeconomic analysis is performed to estimate the total cost of the product and the system cost rate. The offered system is also optimized using multi-criteria genetic algorithm optimization to enhance the exergetic efficiency while reducing the total cost of the product. The power generated by MCFC and TEG is 1247.3 W and 8.37 W, respectively. The result explicates that the provided electricity and provided efficiency of the suggested plant is 1255.67 W and 38%, respectively. Exergy inquiry outcomes betokened that, exergy destruction of the MCFC and TEG is 13,945.9 kW and 262.75 kW, respectively. Furthermore, their exergy efficiency is 68.22% and 97.31%, respectively. The impacts of other parameters like working temperature and pressure, thermal conductance, the configuration of the advantage of the materials, etc., on the thermal and exergetic performance of the suggested system are also evaluated. The optimization outcomes reveal that in the final optimum solution point, the exergetic efficiency and total cost of the product s determined at 70% and 30 USD/GJ.

Energetic, exergetic, exergoeconomic, environmental (4E) and sustainability performances of an unmanned aerial vehicle micro turbojet engine

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Balli ◽  
Alper Dalkıran ◽  
Tahir Hikmet Karakoç
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Engine Systems

Purpose This study aims to investigate the aviation, energetic, exergetic, environmental, sustainability and exergoeconomic performances of a micro turbojet engine used in unmanned aerial vehicles at four different modes. Design/methodology/approach The engine data were collected from engine test cell. The engine performance calculations were performed for four different operation modes. Findings According to the results, maximum energy and exergy efficiency were acquired as 19.19% and 18.079% at Mode 4. Total cost rate was calculated as 6.757 $/h at Mode-1, which varied to 10.131 $/h at Mode-4. Exergy cost of engine power was observed as 0.249 $/MJ at Mode-1, which decreased to 0.088 $/MJ at Mode-4 after a careful exergoeconomic analysis. Originality/value The novelty of this work is the capability to serve as a guide for similar systems with a detailed approach in the thermodynamic, thermoeconomic and environmental assessments by prioritizing efficiency, fuel consumption and cost formation. This investigation intends to establish a design of the opportunities and benefits that the thermodynamic approach provides to turbojet engine systems.

Optimization of Leased Equipment Maintenance Policy Based on History Failure Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150030
Author(s):  
Ke Dong ◽  
Kehong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Power Law Process ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Expected Total Cost ◽  
The Cost

We propose a maintenance policy for new equipment on a repair-refund maintenance strategy in this paper and derive the optimal lease period from the lessor’s perspective based on independent and identical distribution of historical failure data which obey power law process. The cost model of a full refund and a proportional refund is studied, and the corresponding optimal leasing period is determined by reducing the expected total cost rate to the largest extent. We use a numerical example to illustrate the proposed cost model and analyze the sensitivity of related parameters. Furthermore, we show that the proportional refund policy is preferable than a full refund to the lessor. Finally, according to the simulation outcome, the proposed methods are effective and instructions for lessor in regard to equipment lease are provided.

A Practical Approach to Energy Optimization Using Pinch Analysis: A Case Study of an Oil Refinery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paschal Uzoma Ndunagu ◽  
Emeka Emmanuel Alaike ◽  
Theophile Megueptchie
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Pinch Analysis ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Heat Exchanger Network ◽  
Total Cost

Abstract The objective of this paper is to perform an energy optimization study using pinch analysis on the Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) of a Crude Distillation Unit to maximum heat recovery, minimize energy consumption and increase refining margin. The heat exchanger network (HEN) considered comprises exchangers from the pre-heat section of the atmospheric distillation unit, which recovers heat from the product streams to incrementally heat the crude oil feed stream before entering the furnace. This paper illustrates how to perform a detailed HEN retrofitting study using an established design method known as Pinch Analysis to reduce the operating cost by increasing energy savings of the HEN of an existing complex refinery of moderate capacity. Analysis and optimization were carried out on the HEN of the CDU consist a total of 19 heat exchangers which include: process to process (P2P) heat exchangers, heaters and coolers. In the analysis, different feasible retrofit scenarios were generated using the pinch analysis approach. The retrofit designs included the addition of new heat exchangers, rearrangement of heat exchanger (re-sequencing) and re-piping of existing exchangers. Aspen Hysys V9 was used to simulate the CDU and Aspen Energy Analyser was used to perform pinch analysis on the HEN of the pre-heat train. Several retrofit scenarios were generated, the optimum retrofit solution was a trade-off between the capital cost of increasing heat exchanger surface area, payback time, energy / operating cost savings of hot and cold utilities. Results indicated that by rearrangement (Re-sequencing), the pre-heat train can reduce hot (fired heat) and cold (air and cooling water) utilities consumption to improve energy savings by 8% which includes savings on fired heat of about 4.6 MW for a payback period of 2 years on capital investment. The results generated were based on a ΔTmin of 10°C and pinch temperature of 46.3°C. Initial sensitivity analysis on the ΔTmin indicated that variation of total cost index is quite sensitive and increases with increase in ΔTmin at the temperature range of 14.5-30°C, however total cost index remains constant and minimal at a temperature range between 10°C-14.5°C for the CDU preheat train under study. In addition, the implementation of the optimum retrofit result is straightforward and feasible with minimum changes to the existing base case/design.

New flight trajectory optimisation method using genetic algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (1286) ◽  
pp. 618-671
Author(s):  
R.I. Dancila ◽  
R.M. Botez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Local Optima ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Flight Plan ◽  
Flight Envelope ◽  
Flight Profile ◽  
Trajectory Optimisation

AbstractThis paper presents a new flight trajectory optimisation method, based on genetic algorithms, where the selected optimisation criterion is the minimisation of the total cost. The candidate flight trajectories evaluated in the optimisation process are defined as flight plans with two components: a lateral flight plan (the set of geographic points that define the flight trajectory track segments) and a vertical flight plan (the set of data that define the altitude and speed profiles, as well as the points where the altitude and/or speed changes occur). The lateral components of the candidate flight plans are constructed by selecting a set of adjacent nodes from a routing grid. The routing grid nodes are generated based on the orthodromic route between the flight trajectory’s initial and final points, a selected maximum lateral deviation from the orthodromic route and a selected grid node step size along and across the orthodromic route. Two strategies are investigated to handle invalid flight plans (relative to the aircraft’s flight envelope) and to compute their flight performance parameters. A first strategy is to assign a large penalty total cost to invalid flight profiles. The second strategy is to adjust the invalid flight plan parameters (altitude and/or speed) to the nearest limit of the flight envelope, with priority being given to maintaining the planned altitude. The tests performed in this study show that the second strategy is computationally expensive (requiring more than twice the execution time relative to the first strategy) and yields less optimal solutions. The performance of the optimal profiles identified by the proposed optimisation method, using the two strategies regarding invalid flight profile performance evaluation, were compared with the performance data of a reference flight profile, using identical input data: initial aircraft weight, initial and final aircraft geographic positions, altitudes and speed, cost index, and atmospheric data. The initial and final aircraft geographic positions, and the reference flight profile data, were retrieved from the FlightAware web site. This data corresponds to a real flight performed with the aircraft model used in this study. Tests were performed for six Cost Index values. Given the randomness of the genetic algorithms, the convergence to a global optimal solution is not guaranteed (the solution may be non-optimal or a local optima). For a better evaluation of the performance of the proposed method, ten test runs were performed for each Cost Index value. The total cost reduction for the optimal flight plans obtained using the proposed method, relative to the reference flight plan, was between 0.822% and 3.042% for the cases when the invalid flight profiles were corrected, and between 1.598% and 3.97% for the cases where the invalid profiles were assigned a penalty total cost.

scholarly journals A total cost minimization control for wastewater treatment process by using extremum seeking control

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Yamanaka ◽  
Yuuta Onishi ◽  
Ryo Namba ◽  
Takumi Obara ◽  
Yukio Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Optimal Point ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Extremum Seeking Control ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Time Optimal ◽  
Optimal Control Scheme ◽  
Point Invariant

Abstract This paper presents a real-time optimal control scheme based on a total cost index (TCI) by using the so-called extremum seeking control (ESC). The ESC searches the minimum value of a given performance index where the TCI consisting of the operational cost and the effluent quality cost is used as the index. An improved ESC is proposed where a transformed TCI by monotonically increasing function is utilized to improve the convergence property of the ESC while keeping the argument of the optimal point invariant. The feasibility of the ESC is tested for two types of pseudo-anaerobic-oxic process control: one is the return sludge recycle ratio control, and the other is the aeration control for an alternate zone which can be anaerobic or aerobic depending on the influent condition. Simulation study illustrates that the proposed ESC is able to find a near optimal point successfully and the TCI can be reduced by about 2.7 to 3.8% compared with that of a typical operating condition.

Sustainability Metrics of a Small Scale Turbojet Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Ekici ◽  
Yasin Sohret ◽  
Kahraman Coban ◽  
Onder Altuntas ◽  
T. Hikmet Karakoc
Keyword(s):  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Power Load

Abstract Over the last decade, sustainable energy consumption has attracted the attention of scientists and researchers. The current paper presents sustainability indicators of a small scale turbojet engine, operated on micro-aerial vehicles, for discussion of the sustainable development of the aviation industry from a different perspective. Experimental data was obtained from an engine at full power load and utilized to conduct an exergy-based sustainability analysis. Exergy efficiency, waste exergy ratio, recoverable exergy ratio, environmental effect factor, exergy destruction factor and exergetic sustainability index are evaluated as exergetic sustainability indicators of the turbojet engine under investigation in the current study. The exergy efficiency of the small scale turbojet engine is calculated as 27.25 % whereas the waste exergy ratio, the exergy destruction factor and the sustainability index of the engine are found to be 0.9756, 0.5466 and 0.2793, respectively.

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