Sustainability Metrics of a Small Scale Turbojet Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Ekici ◽  
Yasin Sohret ◽  
Kahraman Coban ◽  
Onder Altuntas ◽  
T. Hikmet Karakoc
Keyword(s):  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Power Load

Abstract Over the last decade, sustainable energy consumption has attracted the attention of scientists and researchers. The current paper presents sustainability indicators of a small scale turbojet engine, operated on micro-aerial vehicles, for discussion of the sustainable development of the aviation industry from a different perspective. Experimental data was obtained from an engine at full power load and utilized to conduct an exergy-based sustainability analysis. Exergy efficiency, waste exergy ratio, recoverable exergy ratio, environmental effect factor, exergy destruction factor and exergetic sustainability index are evaluated as exergetic sustainability indicators of the turbojet engine under investigation in the current study. The exergy efficiency of the small scale turbojet engine is calculated as 27.25 % whereas the waste exergy ratio, the exergy destruction factor and the sustainability index of the engine are found to be 0.9756, 0.5466 and 0.2793, respectively.

scholarly journals Exergy and Environmental Assessment of a Steam Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
M.N. Eke ◽  
D.C. Onyejekwe ◽  
O.V. Ekechukwu ◽  
C.C. Maduabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
High Pressure Turbine ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Steam Power Plant

Many electricity generating stations are concerned with the reduction of environmental pollution associated with the thermodynamic activities of power plants. Such environmental pollution includes emissions from exhaust gases, cooling tower blowdown, boiler blowdown and demineralization. In this paper, an exergo-environmental analysis was conducted using design data from the Egbin power plant for a 220MW steam power plant. Enhancement was carried out on the plant under varying pressure and temperature conditions to assess the plant’s performance improvements that would lead to more reduction in environmental pollution. The exergy destruction efficiency value indicates that the boiler sub- system gave the highest exergy destruction in the power plant. Also, sustainability indicators such as environmental effect factor, waste exergy ratio and sustainability index factors have been performed and results presented with respect to the plant. The improvement options considered were: (i) increasing the inlet temperature of the high-pressure turbine at constant boiler pressure, and (ii) the second approach, simultaneous increase in inlet temperature of high-pressure turbine and boiler pressure. The result showed that the second improvement approach gave a better improvement approach than the former by reducing the environmental effect factor by 17.32% and increasing the sustainability index factor by 21.54%. These effects ultimately reduced the steam power plant emissions and improved efficient fuel utilization by the plant for sustainable development and for more power production.

scholarly journals Exergy efficiency of thermochemical syngas-to-ethanol production plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Paulo Gabriel da Costa e Silva ◽  
Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Exergy Analyses ◽  
Second Generation Ethanol

Abstract This work presents exergy analyses applied in four different conceptual second-generation ethanol production processes through a thermochemical route using catalysts based on Molybdenum (P-1), Copper (P-2), and Rhodium (P-3 and P-4), aiming to assess their exergetic efficiencies. The results show that the conceptual processes have satisfactory exergy efficiencies in both cases, when compared among themselves and when compared with other processes reported in literature. The processes’ efficiency for P-1, P-2, P-3 and P-4 were, respectively, 52.4%, 41.4%, 43.7% and 48.9%. The reactors were the sections in which exergy destruction was more significant, due to the exothermic reactions and mixing points (where streams with different temperatures were mixed). Such results show the potential of thermochemical ethanol production, besides opening the possibilities of process improvement. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Applications and Development of LEDs as Supplementary Lighting for Tomato at Different Latitudes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Onofrio Davide Palmitessa ◽  
Marco Antonio Pantaleo ◽  
Pietro Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

High-tech greenhouses and artificial light applications aim to improve food production, in line with one of the sustainable development goals of the UN Agenda 2030, namely, “zero hunger”. In the past, the incandescent lamps have been used for supplementary lighting (SL) at higher latitudes to increase greenhouse production during the dark season. Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been replacing gas discharge and incandescent lamps, and their development is expanding SL applications in different agricultural scenarios (e.g., urban farming, middle latitudes). In fact, recent research on LED applications in Mediterranean greenhouses have produced encouraging results. Since middle latitudes have a higher daily light integral (DLI) than higher latitudes in the dark season and climate conditions influence the installed power load of greenhouses, LED installation and management in Mediterranean greenhouses should be different and less expensive in terms of investment and energy consumption. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to outline the state of the art in LED applications and development, with a focus on latitude-related requirements. Tomato was used as a representative crop.

scholarly journals Teaching the Whitefella—The Role of Cultural Tourism in Opening Remote Indigenous Art Centres to Non-Indigenous Visitors

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Chrischona Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indigenous Art ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Territory Government

This article explores how a remote Aboriginal-owned and -run art centre, Ikuntji Artists in Haasts Bluff, has developed grassroots-level cultural tourism. While not many remote Indigenous art centres engage with the tourism industry, Aboriginal tourism engagement has only recently been identified by the Northern Territory Government as a major business development area. Steered by the member artists and the board, the art centre has been able to create a range of workshops and activities that can be offered to small-scale tour operators. Over the past five years, an arts festival and various workshops for university field students and other small tour operators have been hosted. Member artists, staff and the board as well as the community see cultural tourism as an opportunity to share their culture by way of teaching visitors about the Luritja language, culture and country. Thus, this article argues that art centres can engage meaningfully in cultural tourism and support remote Indigenous communities in the sustainable development of cultural tourism.

Application of a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Speed Control on a Small-Scale Turbojet Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Üşenmez ◽  
Sinan Ekinci ◽  
Oğuz Uzol ◽  
İlkay Yavrucuk
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fuel Pump ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Turbojet Engine

Having a small-scale turbojet engine operate at a desired speed with minimum steady state error, while maintaining good transient response is crucial in many applications, such as UAVs, and requires precise control of the fuel flow. In this paper, first the mathematical model of a Small-Scale Turbojet Engine (SSTE) is obtained using system identification tests, and then based on this model, a classical PI controller is designed. Afterwards, to improve on the transient response and steady state performance of this classical controller, a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is designed. The design process for the FLC employs logical deduction based on knowledge of the engine behavior and iterative tuning in the light of software- and hardware-in-the-loop simulations. The classical and fuzzy logic controllers are both implemented on an in-house, embedded Electronic Control Unit (ECU) running in real time. This ECU is an integrated device carrying a microcontroller based board, a fuel pump, fuel line valves, speed sensor and exhaust gas temperature sensor inputs, and starter motor and glow plug driver outputs. It mainly functions by receiving a speed reference value via its serial communication interface. Based on this reference, a voltage is calculated and applied to the fuel pump in order to regulate the fuel flow into the engine, thereby bringing the engine speed to the desired value. Pre-defined procedures for starting and stopping the engine are also automatically performed by the ECU. Further, it connects to a computer running an in-house comprehensive Graphical User Interface (GUI) software for operating, monitoring, configuration and diagnostics purposes. The designed controllers are used to drive a generic SSTE. Reference inputs consisting of step, ramp and chirp profiles are applied to the controllers. The engine response using both controllers are recorded and inspected. The results show that the FLC exhibits a comparable performance to the classical controller, with possible opportunities to improve this performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation and analysis of exergoeconomic performance for the calcination process of green petroleum coke in vertical shaft kiln

2021 ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Baokuan Li ◽  
Zhongqiu Liu ◽  
Wenjie Rong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Shaft Furnace ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Recovery Boiler

The main objective of this paper is to establish a mathematical framework to analyze the complex thermal economic performance of the calcination process. To find the factors affecting exergy efficiency loss, different exergy destruction is investigated in detail. Furthermore, the exergy flow cost model for exergy cost saving has also been developed. The results show that the vertical shaft furnace is a self-sufficiency equipment without additional fuel required, but the overall exergy destruction accounts for 54.11% of the total exergy input. In addition, the energy efficiency of the waste heat recovery boiler and thermal deaerator are 83.52% and 96.40%, whereas the exergy efficiency of the two equipment are 65.98% and 94.27%. Furthermore, the import exergy flow cost of vertical shaft furnace, waste heat recovery boiler and thermal deaerator are 366.5197 RMB/MJ, 0.1426 RMB/MJ and 0.0020RMB/MJ, respectively. Based on the result, several suggestions were proposed to improve the exergoeconomic performance. Assessing the performance of suggested improvements, the total exergy destruction of vertical shaft furnace is reduced to 134.34 GJ/h and the exergy efficiency of waste heat recovery boiler is raised up to 66.02%. Moreover, the import exergy flow cost of the three different equipment is reduced to 0.0329 RMB/MJ, 0.1304 RMB/MJ and 0.0002 RMB/MJ, respectively.

scholarly journals 4E Analysis of a Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Hybrid Energy System

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7568-7579
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Energy System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Exergy analysis of the expansion turbine hybrid cycle of integrated molten carbonate fuel cells is presented in this study. The proposed cycle was used as a sustainable energy curriculum to provide a small hybrid power plant with high energy efficiency. To generate electricity with the system mentioned above, and externally repaired fusion carbon fuel cell was used located at the top of the combined cycle. Moreover, the turbine and steam turbine systems are considered as complementary and bottom layers for co-generation, respectively. The results showed that the proposed system could reach net energy of up to 1125 kilowatts, while the total exergy efficiency (including electricity and heat) for this system is more than 68%. Moreover, the energy supplied and exergy efficiency derived from the proposed cycle are stable versus changes in ambient temperatures. Besides, the effect of increasing the current density on the cell voltage and the total exergy destruction was considered. Also, the new approaches of the exergoeconomics and exergoenvironmental analysis are implemented in this system. The results show that the hybrid system can decrease the exergy destruction costs more than 16%, and the environmental footprint of the system more than 23.4%.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABILITY OF FISHERY POND POLYCULTURE WITH AND WITHOUT MANGROVE INTEGRATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-669
Author(s):  
Eva Dolorosa ◽  
. Masyhuri ◽  
. Lestari ◽  
. Jamhari
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Market Location ◽  
Organic Pesticides

This research aims to analyze the sustainability of two types of fishery pond polyculture of milkfish-tiger shrimp with and without mangrove integration on small-scale farms. Sustainability dimensions considered in this research included are the ecology, economy, social-culture, technology-infrastructure, and laws-institutions as the dimensions analyzed.  The performance of each aspect was analyzed by using Multi-dimensional scaling (Rapfish) and leverage analysis. The result shows that the current multidimensional sustainability status  of  the fishery  pond   polyculture  both  with  and  without  mangrove  integration was less sustainable  (sustainability index of 44.98 and 36.18 respectively). The result of leverage analysis indicates that out of 73 attributes, there were 16 and 23 sensitive attributes respectively that affect the sustainability of polyculture fishpond with and without mangrove integration. These attributes should be managed immediately in order to improve the sustainability index of fishery pond polyculture, this includes organic pesticides application, source of capital, the availability of seeds of milkfish and tiger shrimp, market location, selling price, waste treatment technology, availability of agribusiness facilities and infrastructure, aquaculture technology, information technology, standardizing the quality of fishery products, availability of micro finance institution and others.

scholarly journals Methodical foundations of the preventing monitoring of aviation industry economic agents

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Iryna NIENNO ◽  
Yurii HRINCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Logical Scheme ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Aircraft Manufacturing ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
Technological Modernization

The article formulates the methodical grounds for preventive monitoring of service and production components of economic agents of aviation industry. The structural-logical scheme for monitoring by quantitative parameters and by consumers’ feedback was proposed. The preventive monitoring is a valuable tool to recognize the interaction between government and industry’s goals considering sustainable development. The goal of the article is to develop methodological grounds for preventive testing of economic agents of the aviation industry, which will include assessment parameters, assessment scale, role instructions and transparency of results. The preventive tasting of airport operations is based on travelers’ experience on: queuing, airport shopping, terminal cleanliness, terminal seating, food beverages, Wi-Fi connectivity, terminal signs, airport staff, sentiment. The preventive testing for airline experience includes: value for money, cabin staff, seat comfort, food comfort, inflight entertainment, ground service, Wi-Fi connectivity, sentiment. The preventive testing for aircraft onboard experience assesses: legroom, seat recline, seat width, aisle space, viewing TV, power supply, seat storage, sentiment. The preventive testing for aircraft manufacturing and maintenance analyses: design, full-cycle manufacturing, warrantee, post-warrantee repair, consolidated designing, manufacturing and maintenance process, leasing, technological modernization, licensing. The article provides the comprehensive system for a preventive monitoring based on customer value, which fixes the key parameters for improvements of the operation of the economic agents of the industry. The conclusion of the research reasons the application of quality assessment based on consumer value created by industry’s agents for a preventive monitoring along financial evaluation and bankruptcy probability for the assessment of the sustainable development of the industry. The perspective of the further research may focus on formulating signaling system for government instruments and on detailing the rating scale for the industry’s agents, based on benchmarking practice.

Study on the Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Ignition Delay of Surrogate Fuel for RP-3 Kerosene

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 549-552
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Hong An Ma ◽  
Kang Yao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Hydrogen Addition ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Surrogate Fuel

In order to reduce the emission and realize the sustainable development in aviation industry, looking for alternative fuel as kerosene has become more and more important. Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuels. In our study RP-3 kerosene with hydrogen addition is used as the alternative kerosene. A RP-3 kerosene surrogate includes n-decane, toluene and propyl cyclohexane (volume fraction is 0.65/0.1/0.25) was chosen and the ignition delay times are calculated in CHEMKIN-PRO, it is found that hydrogen addition can shorten ignition delay.

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