On Generating Integrable Dynamical Systems in 1+1 and 2+1 Dimensions by Using Semisimple Lie Algebras

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Honwah Tam ◽  
Lixin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Mkdv Equation ◽  
Integrable Hierarchy ◽  
Nls Equation ◽  
Soliton Equation ◽  
Integrable Equations ◽  
Zero Curvature ◽  
Integrable Dynamical Systems ◽  
Representation Method

AbstractWe deduce a set of integrable equations under the framework of zero curvature equations and obtain two sets of integrable soliton equations, which can be reduced to some new integrable equations including the generalised nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Under the case where the isospectral functions are one-order polynomials in the parameter λ, we generate a set of rational integrable equations, which are reduced to the loop soliton equation. Under the case where the derivative λt of the spectral parameter λ is a quadratic algebraic curve in λ, we derive a set of variable-coefficient integrable equations. In addition, we discretise a pair of isospectral problems introduced through the Lie algebra given by us for which a set of new semi-discrete nonlinear equations are available; furthermore, the semi-discrete MKdV equation and the Hirota lattice equation are followed to produce, respectively. Finally, we apply the Lie algebra to introduce a set of operator Lax pairs with an operator, and then through the Tu scheme and the binomial-residue representation method proposed by us, we generate a 2+1-dimensional integrable hierarchy of evolution equations, which reduces to a generalised 2+1-dimensional Davey-Stewartson (DS) equation.

The Zero Curvature Form of Integrable Hierarchies in the ℤ × ℤ-Matrices

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 237-262
Author(s):  
G. F. Helminck ◽  
A. V. Opimakh
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Integrable Hierarchies ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Integrable Hierarchy ◽  
Connection Form ◽  
Minimal Realization ◽  
Band Matrices ◽  
Zero Curvature ◽  
Lax Equations ◽  
Finite Band

In this paper it is shown how one can associate to a finite number of commuting directions in the Lie algebra of upper triangular ℤ × ℤ-matrices an integrable hierarchy consisting of a set of evolution equations for perturbations of the basic directions inside the mentioned Lie algebra. They amount to a tower of differential and difference equations for the coefficients of these perturbed matrices. The equations of the hierarchy are conveniently formulated in so-called Lax equations for these perturbations. They possess a minimal realization for which it is shown that the relevant evolutions of the perturbation commute. These Lax equations are shown in a purely algebraic way to be equivalent with zero curvature equations for a collection of finite band matrices, that are the components of a formal connection form. One concludes with the linearization of the hierarchies and the notion of wave matrices at zero, which is the algebraic substitute for a basis of the horizontal sections of the formal connection corresponding to this connection form.

scholarly journals Integrable Nonlocal PT-Symmetric Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equations Associated with so(3, \({\mathbb{R}}\))

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2205
Author(s):  
Wen-Xiu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Integrable Hierarchy ◽  
Integrable Equations ◽  
De Vries ◽  
Orthogonal Lie Algebra

We construct integrable PT-symmetric nonlocal reductions for an integrable hierarchy associated with the special orthogonal Lie algebra so(3,R). The resulting typical nonlocal integrable equations are integrable PT-symmetric nonlocal complex reverse-spacetime and real reverse-spacetime modified Korteweg-de Vries equations associated with so(3,R).

scholarly journals A Complex Integrable Hierarchy and Its Hamiltonian Structure for Integrable Couplings of WKI Soliton Hierarchy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajun Yu ◽  
Shuo Feng ◽  
Yanyu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Hamiltonian Structure ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Integrable Hierarchy ◽  
Soliton Equation ◽  
Zero Curvature ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Soliton Hierarchy ◽  
Integrable Couplings ◽  
Nonlinear Composite ◽  
Integrable Coupling

We generate complex integrable couplings from zero curvature equations associated with matrix spectral problems in this paper. A direct application to the WKI spectral problem leads to a novel soliton equation hierarchy of integrable coupling system; then we consider the Hamiltonian structure of the integrable coupling system. We select theU¯,V¯and generate the nonlinear composite parts, which generate new extended WKI integrable couplings. It is also indicated that the method of block matrix is an efficient and straightforward way to construct the integrable coupling system.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Generating the TX Hierarchy as well as Its Integrable Couplings

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Guangming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hamiltonian Structure ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Loop Algebra ◽  
Integrable Hierarchy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Zero Curvature ◽  
Integrable Couplings ◽  
Isospectral Problem ◽  
Integrable Coupling

Tu Guizhang and Xu Baozhi once introduced an isospectral problem by a loop algebra with degree beingλ, for which an integrable hierarchy of evolution equations (called the TX hierarchy) was derived under the frame of zero curvature equations. In the paper, we present a loop algebra whose degrees are2λand2λ+1to simply represent the above isospectral matrix and easily derive the TX hierarchy. Specially, through enlarging the loop algebra with 3 dimensions to 6 dimensions, we generate a new integrable coupling of the TX hierarchy and its corresponding Hamiltonian structure.

GENERALIZED mKdV EQUATION, LIOUVILLE EQUATION, SINE-GORDON EQUATION AND SINH-GORDON EQUATION AS WELL AS A FORMAL BÄCKLUND TRANSFORMATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 2449-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUFENG ZHANG ◽  
HONWAH TAM ◽  
JING ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Liouville Equation ◽  
Gordon Equation ◽  
Bäcklund Transformation ◽  
Mkdv Equation ◽  
Backlund Transformation ◽  
Sine Gordon Equation ◽  
Linear Combinations ◽  
Zero Curvature ◽  
Polynomial Expansions

A Lie algebra which consists of linear combinations of one basis of the Lie algebra A1 is presented for which an isospectral Lax pair is exhibited. By using the zero curvature equation, the generalized mKdV equation, Liouville equation and sine-Gordon equation, sinh-Gordon equation are generated via polynomial expansions. Finally, we investigate a kind of formal Bäcklund transformation for the generalized sine-Gordon equation. The explicit Bäcklund transformation of the standard sine-Gordon equation is presented. The other equations given in the paper are obtained similarly.

scholarly journals Bi-Integrable Couplings of a New Soliton Hierarchy Associated withSO(4)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Cao ◽  
Liangyun Chen ◽  
Baiying He
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Integrable Hierarchy ◽  
Hamiltonian Structures ◽  
Spectral Problems ◽  
Zero Curvature ◽  
Soliton Hierarchy ◽  
Integrable Couplings ◽  
Orthogonal Lie Algebra ◽  
Isospectral Problem

Based on the six-dimensional real special orthogonal Lie algebraSO(4), a new Lax integrable hierarchy is obtained by constructing an isospectral problem. Furthermore, we construct bi-integrable couplings for this hierarchy from the enlarged matrix spectral problems and the enlarged zero curvature equations. Hamiltonian structures of the obtained bi-integrable couplings are constructed by the variational identity.

scholarly journals Lifts of Symmetric Tensors: Fluids, Plasma, and Grad Hierarchy

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oğul Esen ◽  
Miroslav Grmela ◽  
Hasan Gümral ◽  
Michal Pavelka
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Poisson Brackets ◽  
Hamiltonian Approach ◽  
Symmetric Tensors ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Algebra Homomorphisms

Geometrical and algebraic aspects of the Hamiltonian realizations of the Euler’s fluid and the Vlasov’s plasma are investigated. A purely geometric pathway (involving complete lifts and vertical representatives) is proposed, which establishes a link from particle motion to evolution of the field variables. This pathway is free from Poisson brackets and Hamiltonian functionals. Momentum realizations (sections on T * T * Q ) of (both compressible and incompressible) Euler’s fluid and Vlasov’s plasma are derived. Poisson mappings relating the momentum realizations with the usual field equations are constructed as duals of injective Lie algebra homomorphisms. The geometric pathway is then used to construct the evolution equations for 10-moments kinetic theory. This way the entire Grad hierarchy (including entropic fields) can be constructed in a purely geometric way. This geometric way is an alternative to the usual Hamiltonian approach to mechanics based on Poisson brackets.

A FOUR-BY-FOUR MATRIX EIGENVALUE PROBLEM, RELATED HIERARCHY OF LAX INTEGRABLE EQUATIONS AND THEIR HAMILTONIAN STRUCTURES

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 4027-4040 ◽  
Author(s):  
XI-XIANG XU ◽  
HONG-XIANG YANG ◽  
WEI-LI CAO
Keyword(s):  
Eigenvalue Problem ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Trace Identity ◽  
Liouville Integrability ◽  
Matrix Eigenvalue Problem ◽  
Hamiltonian Structures ◽  
Hamiltonian Equations ◽  
Integrable Equations ◽  
Matrix Eigenvalue ◽  
Integrable Evolution

Starting from a new four-by-four matrix eigenvalue problem, a hierarchy of Lax integrable evolution equations with four potentials is derived. The Hamiltonian structures of the resulting hierarchy are established by means of the generalized trace identity. The Liouville integrability for the hierarchy of the resulting Hamiltonian equations is proved.

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