Einstein’s “Clock Hypothesis” and Mössbauer Experiments in a Rotating System

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Alexander Kholmetskii ◽  
Tolga Yarman ◽  
Ozan Yarman ◽  
Metin Arik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Shift ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Rotating Systems ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Rotor Experiment ◽  
Clock Hypothesis ◽  
The Moment

AbstractAn extra energy shift between emitted and received radiation on a rotating disc – next to the conventionally recognised second-order Doppler shift – has been revealed in a series of recent Mössbauer experiments, where a radioactive source is fixed at the centre and an absorber is attached to the rim of the rotating disc. This disclosure gives indication to a possible violation of the “clock hypothesis” by Einstein: i.e. the independence of the rate of a clock on its acceleration. At the moment, there seem to be two plausible interpretations of this result: (i) the deviation of the geometry of the rotating disc from that predicted by the general theory of relativity (GTR), or (ii) the existence of a specific maximal acceleration in nature, when transformation between two accelerated frames differs from the corresponding transformation of the relativity theory. We take a closer look at both ways leading to the violation of the clock hypothesis; particularly, by analysing the outcomes of recent experiments in rotating systems and by suggesting a new Mössbauer rotor experiment to determine the most feasible mechanism for testing the dependence of the rate of a clock on its acceleration.

scholarly journals Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system and physical interpretation of their results

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Kholmetskii ◽  
Tolga Yarman ◽  
Ozan Yarman ◽  
Metin Arik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Shift ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Relativistic Energy ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Rotating Systems ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Description ◽  
Dilation Effect ◽  
The Moment

We discuss the results of modern Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system, which show the presence of an extra energy shift between the emitted and absorbed resonant radiation in addition to the relativistic energy shift of the resonant lines due to the time dilation effect in the co-rotating source and absorber with different radial coordinates. We analyse the available attempts to explain the origin of the extra energy shift, which include some extensions of special theory of relativity with hypothesis about the existence of limited acceleration in nature, with hypothesis about a so-called «time-dependent Doppler effect», as well as in the framework of the general theory of relativity under re-analysis of the metric effects in the rotating system, which is focused to the problem of correct synchronisation of clocks in a rotating system with a laboratory clock. We show that all such attempts remain unsuccessful until the moment, and we indicate possible ways of solving this problem, which should combine metric effects in rotating systems with quantum mechanical description of resonant nuclei confined in crystal cells.

Novel Mössbauer experiment in a rotating system: Extra energy shift confirmed

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Kholmetskii ◽  
T. Yarman ◽  
M. Arik ◽  
O.V. Missevitch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Shift ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Extra Energy

scholarly journals Novel Mössbauer experiment in a rotating system and the extra-energy shift between emission and absorption lines

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 780-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yarman ◽  
A.L. Kholmetskii ◽  
M. Arik ◽  
B. Akkuş ◽  
Y. Öktem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Energy Shift ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Absorption Lines ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
The Subject

We present the results of a novel Mössbauer experiment in a rotating system, implemented recently at Istanbul University, which yields the coefficient k = 0.69 ± 0.02 within the frame of the expression for the relative energy shift between emission and absorption lines ΔE/E = ku2/c2. This result turned out to be in quantitative agreement with an experiment achieved earlier on the subject matter (Kholmetskii et al. Phys. Scr. 79, 065007 (2009)), and once again strongly pointed to the inequality k > 0.5, revealed originally in (Kholmetskii et al. Phys. Scr. 77, 035302 (2008)) via the re-analysis of Kündig’s experiment (Kündig, Phys. Rev. 129, 2371 (1963)). A possible explanation of the deviation of the coefficient k from the relativistic prediction k = 0.5 is discussed.

On the matter of proving Euclidean fifth postulate and the origin of non-Euclidean geometries

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 (8) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
S.A. Tolchelnikova ◽  
K.N. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stellar Astronomy ◽  
Spherical Surfaces ◽  
Mathematical System ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
The Universe

The Euclidean geometry was developed as a mathematical system due to generalizing thousands years of measurements on the plane and spherical surfaces. The development of celestial mechanics and stellar astronomy confirmed its validity as mathematical principles of natural philosophy, in particular for studying the Solar System bodies’ and Galaxy stars motions. In the non-Euclidean geometries by Lobachevsky and Riemann, the third axiom of modern geometry manuals is substituted. We show that the third axiom of these manuals is a corollary of the Fifth Euclidean postulate. The idea of spherical, Riemannian space of the Universe and local curvatures of space, depending on body mass, was inculcated into celestial mechanics, astronomy and geodesy along with the theory of relativity. The mathematical apparatus of the relativity theory was created from immeasurable quantities

scholarly journals On the Support that the Special and General Theories of Relativity Provide for Rock’s Argument Concerning Induced Self-Motion and Vice Versa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Michael Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Inertial Reference Frame ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Motion

Though Einstein and other physicists recognized the importance of an observer being at rest in an inertial reference frame for the special theory of relativity, the supporting psychological structures were not discussed much by physicists. On the other hand, Rock wrote of the factors involved in the perception of motion, including one’s own motion. Rock thus came to discuss issues of significance to relativity theory, apparently without any significant understanding of how his theory might be related to relativity theory. In this paper, connections between Rock’s theory on the perception of one’s own motion, as well as empirical work supporting it, and relativity theory are explored. Paper available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9908025v1 .

scholarly journals The triplets of helium

1929 ◽  
Vol 122 (790) ◽  
pp. 513-532 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Quantum Number ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Schrödinger’S Equation ◽  
Spin Effects ◽  
Classical Energy ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Schrödinger's Equation

A theory of the helium atom was developed by Heisenberg, following his famous principle of “resonance.” His work is based upon Schrodinger’s equation, and in order to allow for the spin of the electrons he introduces extra energy terms, expressing the classical energy of two appropriate magnets. It is the perturbation by this spin energy which produces the triplet separations. Heisenberg’s calculation of these separations is open to three criticisms: (1) He assumes that certain simple forms are correct first approximations to the wave-functions; whereas, owing to degeneracy, it is necessary to take linear combinations of these forms. (2) He estimates the mean values of the spin energy by means of a model built up of precessing vectors. (3) He neglects the radius of the inner orbit in comparison with that of the outer orbit, even when the principal quantum number of the latter is only 2; this is the least satisfactory of several necessary simplifications. Schrödinger’s equation is likely to be supplanted as the foundation of wave-mechanics by the equation recently put forward by Dirae. This fits the spin of the electron neatly into the theory of relativity, and produces the doublets of the hydrogen-like atom in a beautiful manner. Dirac’s q -number theory has been translated into wave-mechanics by Darwin. Apart altogether from the above criticisms of Heisenberg, it seemed expedient to proceed to the theory of an atom with two electrons on the basis of the new equation. Calculations which are independent of the spin, such as the approximate energylevels, and the separation between ortho- and para-terms, are the same on either theory, and are not the concern of this paper. We deal here with spin effects, such as the fine structure of the triplets and intercombinations between ortho- and para-states.

Langevin's influence on relativity theories

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Staley
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eclipse Observations ◽  
Stop Watch ◽  
Light Beams

A century ago, Paul Langevin [C. R. 173, 831 (1921)], through his influence, convinced the scientific community that Einstein's theories of relativity were correct and could explain the Sagnac effect. A simple note in Comptes Rendus was all it took to silence many prominent skeptical scientists. The relativity skeptics had pointed to Sagnac's experiment [C. R. 157, 1410 (1913)] with the interference of counter rotating light beams as proof that the speed of light was not the same in both directions, contrary to the key postulate in Einstein's theory. Langevin showed that the result was also explained by relativity. The rest is history, and relativity has remained a center piece of theoretical physics ever since. Langevin had been captivated by solar eclipse observations of a shifted star pattern near the sun as reported by Eddington [Report on the Relativity Theory of Gravitation (Fleetway Press, Ltd., London, 1920)]. This was taken as proof positive for Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The case of a light beam split into two beams, which propagate in opposite directions around a circuit, has an analog in a simple thought experiment—a speed test for runners. Two runners can be timed on a running track with the runners going around the track in opposite directions. Two stop watches will display the time for each runner's return to the starting position. The arithmetic difference in time shown on each stop watch will provide the differences in speed between the two runners. If the two speeds are the same, the time difference will be zero. It would not make any sense for one of the stop watches to measure a negative time, that is, time moving into the past. In fact, the idea is absurd! However, Langevin did just that, assigned the time for light to travel in one direction as positive while the time for the light to traverse in the opposite direction as negative, moving into the past! By so doing, Langevin reproduced Sagnac's expression and declared that relativity explains Sagnac's experiment. Langevin was wrong!

scholarly journals Comment on “New proof of general relativity through the correct physical interpretation of the Mössbauer rotor experiment” by C. Corda

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1950127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Kholmetskii ◽  
Tolga Yarman ◽  
Ozan Yarman ◽  
Metin Arik
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Rotor Experiment

We analyze the attempt by C. Corda to explain the results of modern Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system via the additional effect of synchronization of the clock in the origin of the rotating system with the laboratory clock, and indicate errors committed by him.

Dynamics of a Rotating System With a Nonlinear Eddy-Current Damper

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kligerman ◽  
O. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
System Response ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Rotating Systems ◽  
Eddy Current Damper

We investigate the nonlinear dynamics and stability of a rotating system with an electromagnetic noncontact eddy-current damper. The damper is modeled by a thin nonmagnetic disk that is translating and rotating with a shaft in an air gap of a direct current electromagnet. The damper dissipates energy of the rotating system lateral vibration through induced eddy-currents. The dynamical system also includes a cubic restoring force representing nonlinear behavior of rubber o-rings supporting the shaft. The equilibrium state of the balanced rotating system with an eddy-current damper becomes unstable via a Hopf bifurcation and exact solutions for the limit cycle radius and frequency of the self-excited oscillation are obtained analytically. Forced vibration induced by the rotating system mass imbalance is also investigated analytically and numerically. System response includes periodic and quasiperiodic solutions. Stability of the periodic solutions obtained from the balanced self-excited motion and the imbalance forced response is analyzed by use of Floquet theory. This analysis enables an explanation of the nonlinear dynamics and stability phenomena documented for rotating systems controlled by electromagnetic eddy-current dampers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document